Pub Date : 2017-08-08DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000302
O. Okorie
Granular matter is ubiquitous in our daily life yet far from completely understood. These granular materials have constituted a class of complex systems which exhibit global behaviors been reminiscent of solids, liquids, gases, or otherwise uniquely their own. The key to achieve good properties lies in the material structure from the molecules, via structures on nano and micro levels to the macroscopic material. This paper also reviewed selected approaches and models that have been developed for granular media prediction. However, development of new approaches at the micro and nano scales to sense the stress distribution characteristics of complex rock media, especially the grounds bearing petroleum resources of Nigeria has been of vital concern/importance to the area of petroleum drilling and exploration. By conducting such fundamental level research, development of highly efficient drilling processes with potentially much less energy inputs and minimizing the carbon blue prints is the best approach.
{"title":"Micromechanical Analysis of Compaction and Drilling of Granular Media- A Review","authors":"O. Okorie","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Granular matter is ubiquitous in our daily life yet far from completely understood. These granular materials have constituted a class of complex systems which exhibit global behaviors been reminiscent of solids, liquids, gases, or otherwise uniquely their own. The key to achieve good properties lies in the material structure from the molecules, via structures on nano and micro levels to the macroscopic material. This paper also reviewed selected approaches and models that have been developed for granular media prediction. However, development of new approaches at the micro and nano scales to sense the stress distribution characteristics of complex rock media, especially the grounds bearing petroleum resources of Nigeria has been of vital concern/importance to the area of petroleum drilling and exploration. By conducting such fundamental level research, development of highly efficient drilling processes with potentially much less energy inputs and minimizing the carbon blue prints is the best approach.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80680380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-03DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000283
F. Algahtani
Petrography of the Hawkesbury Sandstone was described by thin section, scanning electron microscope and Xray diffraction techniques. Quartz is dominant in the Hawkesbury Sandstone which contains very minor feldspar, lithic grains, mica and heavy minerals. The Hawkesbury Sandstone is quartzarenite to sublitharenite. Quartz includes monocrystalline and polycrystalline grains while the feldspar includes both K-feldspar and plagioclase. Volcanic, sedimentary and chert rock fragments are present. Thin section porosity occurs in the Hawkesbury Sandstone, particularly the coarse-grained deposits. Primary porosity is more common than secondary porosity in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. Thin sections and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe diagenetic alterations and their influence on porosity in Hawkesbury Sandstone. These diagenetic alterations include compaction, quartz overgrowths, authigenicclay minerals and carbonate cement. Compaction occurred in the Hawkesbury Sandstoneduring throughout diagenesis. The influence of chemical compaction on thin section porosity was greater in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. Quartz overgrowths are common in the Hawkesbury Sandstone where they have a strong influence on porosity. Authigenic clay minerals are the widespread in the Hawkesbury Sandstone filling pores and occurring as grain-coatings on detrital and authigenic grains. Where they coat quartz grains they preserve porosity by preventing growth of quartz overgrowths. Pore-filling carbonate cement reduced porosity whereas dissolution of carbonate resulted in secondary porosity. Dissolution of unstable feldspar and lithic grains is absent in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The Hawkesbury Sandstone is characterized by primary and secondary porosity, thus it has good groundwater storage and flow potential. Medium- and coarse-grained sandstone beds are common in the Hawkesbury Sandstone but it shows vertical variations in porosity. A few impermeable shale and siltstone units occur in the Hawkesbury Sandstone forming local confining layers.
{"title":"Petrology, Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality in the Hawkesbury Sandstone,Southern Sydney Basin, Australia","authors":"F. Algahtani","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"Petrography of the Hawkesbury Sandstone was described by thin section, scanning electron microscope and Xray diffraction techniques. Quartz is dominant in the Hawkesbury Sandstone which contains very minor feldspar, lithic grains, mica and heavy minerals. The Hawkesbury Sandstone is quartzarenite to sublitharenite. Quartz includes monocrystalline and polycrystalline grains while the feldspar includes both K-feldspar and plagioclase. Volcanic, sedimentary and chert rock fragments are present. Thin section porosity occurs in the Hawkesbury Sandstone, particularly the coarse-grained deposits. Primary porosity is more common than secondary porosity in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. Thin sections and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe diagenetic alterations and their influence on porosity in Hawkesbury Sandstone. These diagenetic alterations include compaction, quartz overgrowths, authigenicclay minerals and carbonate cement. Compaction occurred in the Hawkesbury Sandstoneduring throughout diagenesis. The influence of chemical compaction on thin section porosity was greater in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. Quartz overgrowths are common in the Hawkesbury Sandstone where they have a strong influence on porosity. Authigenic clay minerals are the widespread in the Hawkesbury Sandstone filling pores and occurring as grain-coatings on detrital and authigenic grains. Where they coat quartz grains they preserve porosity by preventing growth of quartz overgrowths. Pore-filling carbonate cement reduced porosity whereas dissolution of carbonate resulted in secondary porosity. Dissolution of unstable feldspar and lithic grains is absent in the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The Hawkesbury Sandstone is characterized by primary and secondary porosity, thus it has good groundwater storage and flow potential. Medium- and coarse-grained sandstone beds are common in the Hawkesbury Sandstone but it shows vertical variations in porosity. A few impermeable shale and siltstone units occur in the Hawkesbury Sandstone forming local confining layers.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73870936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-28DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000300
Md. Abdullah Al Zaman, N. J. Monira
Bangladesh is a south Asian developing country which is used to struggle with various natural disasters and the earthquake is one of them. Bangladesh is of the most earthquake venerable countries of the world. Here we have tried to discuss about the risks of earthquakes in Bangladesh and the historical earthquakes that occurred in Bangladesh and its surrounding regions with some information. After that we have analyzed the earthquakes that were generated in Bangladesh and it’s very close regions(between 20.35° N to 26.75°N Latitude and 88.03° E to 92.75° E Longitude) for the last forty years. We have observed that under the area of concern most of the earthquake occurred were not devastating but the occurrences of those small magnitude earthquakes have been increasing significantly.
{"title":"A Study of Earthquakes in Bangladesh and the Data Analysis of the Earthquakes that were generated In Bangladesh and Its’ Very Close Regions for the Last Forty Years (1976-2016)","authors":"Md. Abdullah Al Zaman, N. J. Monira","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a south Asian developing country which is used to struggle with various natural disasters and the earthquake is one of them. Bangladesh is of the most earthquake venerable countries of the world. Here we have tried to discuss about the risks of earthquakes in Bangladesh and the historical earthquakes that occurred in Bangladesh and its surrounding regions with some information. After that we have analyzed the earthquakes that were generated in Bangladesh and it’s very close regions(between 20.35° N to 26.75°N Latitude and 88.03° E to 92.75° E Longitude) for the last forty years. We have observed that under the area of concern most of the earthquake occurred were not devastating but the occurrences of those small magnitude earthquakes have been increasing significantly.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"129 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74702043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-25DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000298
Nguo S. Kanouo, R. Yongue, T. Ghogomu, E. Njonfang, Syprien Bovari Yomeun, Emmanuel Archelaus Afanga Basua
Geologic prospecting, petrographic and geochemical analyses of mafic volcanic exposures in the west and southern part of the Mamfe Basin (SW Cameroon) distinguishes: basanites, picro-basalts, alkali basalts and tholeiitic basalts. They are relatively LREE-enriched, undersaturated, saturated or oversaturated due to presence or absence of normative nepheline, hypersthene or quartz. Basanites mainly form pillow-like lavas, and are aphyric or porphyritic. They have significant concentration of Ni (up to 387 ppm) and Ba (up to 436 ppm). These alkaline rocks cooled from less evolved mantle source magma. Picro-basaltic fragments exclusively found in the western part of the basin are Ni (up to 259 ppm) Ba (up to 2090 ppm) -enriched porphyritic, alkaline or subalkaline rocks. They also cooled from less evolved mantle source magma. Basalts form volcanoclasts, flow and dykes. They are aphyric or porphyritic, alkaline, transitional or subalkaline. Some of these rocks are Al-enriched. They crystallized from variably evolved mantle source magma within the Oceanic Island Basalt and Continental Rift Basalt tectonic settings.
{"title":"Petro-geochemistry, Genesis and Economic Aspects of Mafic Volcanic Rocks in the West and Southern Part of The Mamfe Basin (SW Cameroon, Central Africa)","authors":"Nguo S. Kanouo, R. Yongue, T. Ghogomu, E. Njonfang, Syprien Bovari Yomeun, Emmanuel Archelaus Afanga Basua","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Geologic prospecting, petrographic and geochemical analyses of mafic volcanic exposures in the west and southern part of the Mamfe Basin (SW Cameroon) distinguishes: basanites, picro-basalts, alkali basalts and tholeiitic basalts. They are relatively LREE-enriched, undersaturated, saturated or oversaturated due to presence or absence of normative nepheline, hypersthene or quartz. Basanites mainly form pillow-like lavas, and are aphyric or porphyritic. They have significant concentration of Ni (up to 387 ppm) and Ba (up to 436 ppm). These alkaline rocks cooled from less evolved mantle source magma. Picro-basaltic fragments exclusively found in the western part of the basin are Ni (up to 259 ppm) Ba (up to 2090 ppm) -enriched porphyritic, alkaline or subalkaline rocks. They also cooled from less evolved mantle source magma. Basalts form volcanoclasts, flow and dykes. They are aphyric or porphyritic, alkaline, transitional or subalkaline. Some of these rocks are Al-enriched. They crystallized from variably evolved mantle source magma within the Oceanic Island Basalt and Continental Rift Basalt tectonic settings.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"23 17 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80164246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-19DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000297
S. I. Bute
The Kanawa uranium occurrence is situated along a northerly fault zone at Gubrunde horst, underlain by migmatitesgneiss, syntectonic S-type granites and minor volcanic rock. The sheared zoned is highly altered. The alteration products are sericite, chlorite, and hematite. The uranium occurrences are epigentic derived by remobilization from the host rock to the sheared zones, probably through metasomatic process where feldspars has been replaced by U-Fe-Mg in an oxidized conditions, the mineralizing fluids may be sourced from the numerous volcanic bodies around the area. The host rock showed enrichment of uranium>5, could serve as the potential source of the mineralization. The mineralized mylonite is a product of the granitic host. The Fe-Mg-Ca-P-Sr-Zr-V-Co-U may reflect mineralization fluid composition.
{"title":"Petrography, geochemistry and Alteration Studies of Kanawa Uranium Occurrences, Wuyo-Gubrunde Horst, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"S. I. Bute","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"The Kanawa uranium occurrence is situated along a northerly fault zone at Gubrunde horst, underlain by migmatitesgneiss, syntectonic S-type granites and minor volcanic rock. The sheared zoned is highly altered. The alteration products are sericite, chlorite, and hematite. The uranium occurrences are epigentic derived by remobilization from the host rock to the sheared zones, probably through metasomatic process where feldspars has been replaced by U-Fe-Mg in an oxidized conditions, the mineralizing fluids may be sourced from the numerous volcanic bodies around the area. The host rock showed enrichment of uranium>5, could serve as the potential source of the mineralization. The mineralized mylonite is a product of the granitic host. The Fe-Mg-Ca-P-Sr-Zr-V-Co-U may reflect mineralization fluid composition.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80849789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-09DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000304
M. C. Caputo, L. Decarlo, R. Masciale, C. Masciopinto
In coastal areas, groundwater may represent the main resource for human needs. The over-exploitation of coastal aquifers could cause seawater intrusion that induces depletion both in quality and quantity of the water resource, with no negligible environmental impacts. Moreover, locally geological heterogeneities of the aquifer can affect the flow and transport processes. In such cases, an integrated hydro-geophysical approach could provide useful information to evaluate the response of the aquifer and to estimate changes in the main hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity and permeability. In this study Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey combined with traditional techniques of measuring the main groundwater parameters have been performed to assess the hydrogeological properties of a coastal heterogeneous aquifer. The conventional interpretation of pumping test drawdown allowed to detect a hydraulic barrier located to a specific distance with respect to the pumping well; furthermore, the transmissivity of the portion of aquifer involved in the pumping and the corresponding changes of its hydraulic conductivity due to the presence of the barrier has been estimated. Confirming the conventional interpretation of the pumping test drawdowns, the ERT image was able to locate the hydraulic barrier over space, visualizing a high resistive body, located below the water table.
{"title":"Long-term Pumping Test and Ert to Visualize Hydrogeologic Barriers in Heterogeneous and Karstic Coastal Aquifers","authors":"M. C. Caputo, L. Decarlo, R. Masciale, C. Masciopinto","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"In coastal areas, groundwater may represent the main resource for human needs. The over-exploitation of coastal aquifers could cause seawater intrusion that induces depletion both in quality and quantity of the water resource, with no negligible environmental impacts. Moreover, locally geological heterogeneities of the aquifer can affect the flow and transport processes. In such cases, an integrated hydro-geophysical approach could provide useful information to evaluate the response of the aquifer and to estimate changes in the main hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity and permeability. In this study Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey combined with traditional techniques of measuring the main groundwater parameters have been performed to assess the hydrogeological properties of a coastal heterogeneous aquifer. The conventional interpretation of pumping test drawdown allowed to detect a hydraulic barrier located to a specific distance with respect to the pumping well; furthermore, the transmissivity of the portion of aquifer involved in the pumping and the corresponding changes of its hydraulic conductivity due to the presence of the barrier has been estimated. Confirming the conventional interpretation of the pumping test drawdowns, the ERT image was able to locate the hydraulic barrier over space, visualizing a high resistive body, located below the water table.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80625330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000294
D. Sk, Mohanty Jk
Optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, micro CT studies and mineral chemistry by SEM-EDS has been carried out on cordierite rich rock fragments from Bandarguha and Orabahala areas of Kalahandi district, Odisha. Macroscopically, cordierite grains exhibit distinct pleochroism in the shades of violet blue to light blue and colourless and are of gem quality (iolite). Biotite is the dominant associated mineral and Mg-Fe distribution coefficient (KD) between coexisting cordierite and biotite varies from 1.71 to 2.76. The cordierite is low cordierite (distortion index, Δ=0.257). Mineral analyses indicate that cordierite is magnesian rich (XMg=0.82-0.88) with limited Fe2+ substitution for Mg2+ and dichroism is due to presence of part of iron in ferric form. Cordierite is formed during metamorphism by reactions: (a) orthopyrox ene+sillimanite+quartz=cordierite+K-feldspar+water and (b) orthopyroxene+sillimanite=cordierite+corundum.
{"title":"Characteristics of Cordierite (Iolite) of Bandarguha-Orabahala Area, Kalahandi District, Odisha, India","authors":"D. Sk, Mohanty Jk","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000294","url":null,"abstract":"Optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, micro CT studies and mineral chemistry by SEM-EDS has been carried out on cordierite rich rock fragments from Bandarguha and Orabahala areas of Kalahandi district, Odisha. Macroscopically, cordierite grains exhibit distinct pleochroism in the shades of violet blue to light blue and colourless and are of gem quality (iolite). Biotite is the dominant associated mineral and Mg-Fe distribution coefficient (KD) between coexisting cordierite and biotite varies from 1.71 to 2.76. The cordierite is low cordierite (distortion index, Δ=0.257). Mineral analyses indicate that cordierite is magnesian rich (XMg=0.82-0.88) with limited Fe2+ substitution for Mg2+ and dichroism is due to presence of part of iron in ferric form. Cordierite is formed during metamorphism by reactions: (a) orthopyrox ene+sillimanite+quartz=cordierite+K-feldspar+water and (b) orthopyroxene+sillimanite=cordierite+corundum.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-08DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000293
S. Al-Obaidi, Khalaf Fh
Formation fractures have significance effect on the permeability of rocks in oil and gas reservoirs. In real conditions, the opening of vertical fractures exceeds the opening of horizontal fractures and the permeability ofreservoirs in conditions of horizontal wells is higher than in vertical conditions. In the sonic log longitudinal waves, unlike the transverse waves, the attenuation rate strongly depends on the wave path direction. It is shown that themechanism of the attenuation of sound waves in porous rocks is represented by the scattering of "soft" microheterogeneousinclusions. For reservoir rocks with porosity (φ) of (10-20)%, the attenuation decrement is several times higher than the decrement of the other mechanisms.
{"title":"Acoustic Logging Methods in Fractured and Porous Formations","authors":"S. Al-Obaidi, Khalaf Fh","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Formation fractures have significance effect on the permeability of rocks in oil and gas reservoirs. In real conditions, the opening of vertical fractures exceeds the opening of horizontal fractures and the permeability ofreservoirs in conditions of horizontal wells is higher than in vertical conditions. In the sonic log longitudinal waves, unlike the transverse waves, the attenuation rate strongly depends on the wave path direction. It is shown that themechanism of the attenuation of sound waves in porous rocks is represented by the scattering of \"soft\" microheterogeneousinclusions. For reservoir rocks with porosity (φ) of (10-20)%, the attenuation decrement is several times higher than the decrement of the other mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"179 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77091201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000295
Evans Uf, A. Nn, A. Mallam
The study is aimed at estimating the natural vulnerability of groundwater resources using Dar Zarrouk geoelectrical parameters. Hence, ground-based earth resistance measuring device (OYO McOHM resistivity meter, Model 2115A) and its accessories were deployed for the study. 15 Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) points distributed along three profiles within the Mbo plain area were conducted. The VES field data were interpreted manually on bilogarithmic plot and then by applying the auxiliary point-partial resistivity curve matching technique. The interpretation was enhanced by sophisticated computer software (IPI2Win). The Dar Zarrouk geoelectrical parameters were deduced from the advanced interpreted results and use to produce contour maps. The lithology identified was of sands sequence of different grain sizes for aquifer zone. The absence of clay formation in the lithology log and low resistivity value (21.49 Ωm) at aquifer’s depth within the VES 5 column suggested saline water ingress. The low range of overburden thickness lies between 0.3 and 4.6 m. The associated overburden longitudinal conductance was found to range from 0.000 to 0.019 Siemens, which was generally low. Therefore, suggesting that groundwater resources in the study area are vulnerable to contamination. Hence, aquifers in the study area were considered to be at high risk of contamination from environmental activities and saline water ingress. The information from study could help in the planning, monitoring and management of potable water supply and development in deltaic coastal aquifer system.
{"title":"Natural Vulnerability Estimate of Groundwater Resources in the Coastal Area of Ibaka Community, Using Dar Zarrouk Geoelectrical Parameters","authors":"Evans Uf, A. Nn, A. Mallam","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000295","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at estimating the natural vulnerability of groundwater resources using Dar Zarrouk geoelectrical parameters. Hence, ground-based earth resistance measuring device (OYO McOHM resistivity meter, Model 2115A) and its accessories were deployed for the study. 15 Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) points distributed along three profiles within the Mbo plain area were conducted. The VES field data were interpreted manually on bilogarithmic plot and then by applying the auxiliary point-partial resistivity curve matching technique. The interpretation was enhanced by sophisticated computer software (IPI2Win). The Dar Zarrouk geoelectrical parameters were deduced from the advanced interpreted results and use to produce contour maps. The lithology identified was of sands sequence of different grain sizes for aquifer zone. The absence of clay formation in the lithology log and low resistivity value (21.49 Ωm) at aquifer’s depth within the VES 5 column suggested saline water ingress. The low range of overburden thickness lies between 0.3 and 4.6 m. The associated overburden longitudinal conductance was found to range from 0.000 to 0.019 Siemens, which was generally low. Therefore, suggesting that groundwater resources in the study area are vulnerable to contamination. Hence, aquifers in the study area were considered to be at high risk of contamination from environmental activities and saline water ingress. The information from study could help in the planning, monitoring and management of potable water supply and development in deltaic coastal aquifer system.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89770951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000E122
J. Boaga
The use of surface waves (SW) in seismology is well known since the pioneering works after the First World War in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1950s and 1960s, thanks to computer and instrumental improvements, surface waves started to be intensively adopted in global seismology [1-3]. Engineering applications started shortly after, but for their diffusion we have to wait the work of Stokoe and colleagues which introduced the SASW method (Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves) [4,5]. After the introduction of multi-channels methods, Multi channels Analysis of Surface Waves, SWs rapidly become standard practice in engineering geophysical prospecting. Nowadays surface wave methods are the most powerful and used tools for in situ shear wave velocity estimation, basing on the dispersive properties of the layered media [6-8].
{"title":"The Use of Surface Waves in Geotechnical Engineering, which Future?","authors":"J. Boaga","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000E122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000E122","url":null,"abstract":"The use of surface waves (SW) in seismology is well known since the pioneering works after the First World War in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1950s and 1960s, thanks to computer and instrumental improvements, surface waves started to be intensively adopted in global seismology [1-3]. Engineering applications started shortly after, but for their diffusion we have to wait the work of Stokoe and colleagues which introduced the SASW method (Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves) [4,5]. After the introduction of multi-channels methods, Multi channels Analysis of Surface Waves, SWs rapidly become standard practice in engineering geophysical prospecting. Nowadays surface wave methods are the most powerful and used tools for in situ shear wave velocity estimation, basing on the dispersive properties of the layered media [6-8].","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79277756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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