This research focuses on generating an in-depth understanding of the social innovation process from the perspective of sectoral system of innovation (SSI). It presents a detailed and updated review of studies on social innovation and sectoral system of innovation, regardless of any specific geographical area, in order to augment the generazibility of the research topic. Further, it addresses knowledge gaps derived from a systematic literature review and exhibits novelty by linking social innovation process with the sectoral system of innovation. The review has resulted in a conceptual framework of sectoral system of social innovation that can form the basis for ensuing empirical inquiries.
本研究着重从部门创新系统(sector system of innovation, SSI)的视角，深入了解社会创新过程。它对社会创新和部门创新系统的研究进行了详细和最新的审查，而不考虑任何具体的地理区域，以增加研究主题的普遍性。此外，它解决了来自系统文献综述的知识差距，并通过将社会创新过程与部门创新系统联系起来，展示了新颖性。审查产生了社会创新部门系统的概念框架，可以作为随后的实证调查的基础。
{"title":"Sectoral System of Social Innovation: Towards an Agenda for Future Empirical Inquiries","authors":"Sundus Wasai, M. Nouman, A. Imran","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on generating an in-depth understanding of the social innovation process from the perspective of sectoral system of innovation (SSI). It presents a detailed and updated review of studies on social innovation and sectoral system of innovation, regardless of any specific geographical area, in order to augment the generazibility of the research topic. Further, it addresses knowledge gaps derived from a systematic literature review and exhibits novelty by linking social innovation process with the sectoral system of innovation. The review has resulted in a conceptual framework of sectoral system of social innovation that can form the basis for ensuing empirical inquiries.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76523593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of entrepreneurship in the public sector has prompted a discussion and debate in the public management literature especially with the movement of new public management (NPM) which was initiated to improve the performance of public sector. In this article phenomenon of public entrepreneurship is reviewed systematically by analyzing 90 research articles published between 1990 and 2016. Articles were analyzed based upon the following themes of public entrepreneurship. Definitions of public entrepreneurships, goals of entrepreneurship into public sector, issues and limitation, influencing factors, and main research streams are the main themes analyzed in this systematic literature review. As far as the field of entrepreneurship is concerned, no unanimous definition exists in the literature. Analysis revealed five main dimensions of entrepreneurship in which it was defined. Changing institutional routines, introducing innovation for efficient service delivery, and add social value into public services were the main goals which are to be achieved by the entrepreneurship into public sector. Entrepreneurial practices, paradigm, method, theories, contextual antecedents and implications were the main research streams revealed in this review. Further reviews could be conducted by focusing on exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector
{"title":"An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Perspective of Public Sector; A systematic literature review from 1990 to 2016","authors":"Asghar Ali, Sidra Irfan, Yaamina Salman","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of entrepreneurship in the public sector has prompted a discussion and debate in the public management literature especially with the movement of new public management (NPM) which was initiated to improve the performance of public sector. In this article phenomenon of public entrepreneurship is reviewed systematically by analyzing 90 research articles published between 1990 and 2016. Articles were analyzed based upon the following themes of public entrepreneurship. Definitions of public entrepreneurships, goals of entrepreneurship into public sector, issues and limitation, influencing factors, and main research streams are the main themes analyzed in this systematic literature review. As far as the field of entrepreneurship is concerned, no unanimous definition exists in the literature. Analysis revealed five main dimensions of entrepreneurship in which it was defined. Changing institutional routines, introducing innovation for efficient service delivery, and add social value into public services were the main goals which are to be achieved by the entrepreneurship into public sector. Entrepreneurial practices, paradigm, method, theories, contextual antecedents and implications were the main research streams revealed in this review. Further reviews could be conducted by focusing on exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74027927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fast-growing phenomenon of electronic banking (e-banking) has taken the world by surprise, and despite its proliferation across the globe, its acceptance has not been too encouraging, especially in the rural areas of the developing countries. This study revolves around this very key issue of e-banking acceptance in the rural areas of Pakistan by employing a comprehensive framework of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), called a unified model by Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis (2003). This paper extends the unified model through personality openness and investigates the moderation of trust between behavioral intentions and usage behavior. Using a survey-based questionnaire, data were collected from the customers of rural areas of Pakistan. The authors obtained 434 valid responses from universities’ students having a rural background and resultantly analyzed through structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS. Our results reveal that performance expectancy, social influence, and effort expectancy have significant and positive impact on behavioral intentions of rural customers in Pakistan. Moreover, we find that personality openness significantly shapes behavioral intentions and trust on the internet moderates between customers’ intentions and their usage of e-banking. The study broadens the understanding of e-banking in rural areas which might help future researchers and regulators to know and enhance their policy formulation.
{"title":"Investigating the Acceptance of Electronic Banking in the Rural Areas of Pakistan: An Application of the Unified Model","authors":"I. Khan, Zahid Hameed, Muhammad Hamayun","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The fast-growing phenomenon of electronic banking (e-banking) has taken the world by surprise, and despite its proliferation across the globe, its acceptance has not been too encouraging, especially in the rural areas of the developing countries. This study revolves around this very key issue of e-banking acceptance in the rural areas of Pakistan by employing a comprehensive framework of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), called a unified model by Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis (2003). This paper extends the unified model through personality openness and investigates the moderation of trust between behavioral intentions and usage behavior. Using a survey-based questionnaire, data were collected from the customers of rural areas of Pakistan. The authors obtained 434 valid responses from universities’ students having a rural background and resultantly analyzed through structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS. Our results reveal that performance expectancy, social influence, and effort expectancy have significant and positive impact on behavioral intentions of rural customers in Pakistan. Moreover, we find that personality openness significantly shapes behavioral intentions and trust on the internet moderates between customers’ intentions and their usage of e-banking. The study broadens the understanding of e-banking in rural areas which might help future researchers and regulators to know and enhance their policy formulation.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88721975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates workplace spirituality in Islamic banks in Pakistan. Through qualitative approach, this study seeks to understand the meaning employees give to workplace spirituality in Islamic banks and explores the way workplace spirituality is constituted and enacted at workplace. It takes an epistemological stance of social constructionism and argues that the way people define workplace spirituality is subjective in nature. Data has been collected from 22 respondents working in Islamic banks and has been analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings reveal that all respondents defined workplace spirituality in terms of religion. They found inner peace and happiness by serving humanity and religion and had deeper concerns for earning ‘halal’ or ‘haram’. Also, the confusion created due to conflicting fatwas on Islamic banks influenced job satisfaction which is seen as a component of workplace spirituality in literature. This study theoretically contributes that workplace spirituality is highly contextual in nature and religiosity and spirituality cannot be treated as separate in organizations that are based upon religious foundations.
{"title":"Exploring and Conceptualizing Workplace Spirituality in Islamic Banks","authors":"M. Rashid, Humera Manzoor, U. Ghani","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates workplace spirituality in Islamic banks in Pakistan. Through qualitative approach, this study seeks to understand the meaning employees give to workplace spirituality in Islamic banks and explores the way workplace spirituality is constituted and enacted at workplace. It takes an epistemological stance of social constructionism and argues that the way people define workplace spirituality is subjective in nature. Data has been collected from 22 respondents working in Islamic banks and has been analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings reveal that all respondents defined workplace spirituality in terms of religion. They found inner peace and happiness by serving humanity and religion and had deeper concerns for earning ‘halal’ or ‘haram’. Also, the confusion created due to conflicting fatwas on Islamic banks influenced job satisfaction which is seen as a component of workplace spirituality in literature. This study theoretically contributes that workplace spirituality is highly contextual in nature and religiosity and spirituality cannot be treated as separate in organizations that are based upon religious foundations.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79431293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is an attempt to investigate the role of political instability and economic uncertainty on debt and economic growth for the data span of 1975 to 2016 in Pakistan. We extract economic uncertainty by using Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic (GARCH) model. We explore the relationship between debt and economic growth simultaneously with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach. The deep-rooted relation of political and economic uncertainty with debt and growth recommends immediate fiscal and public policy adjustments to minimize the harms of higher debt-GDP ratio and slow economic growth. This study results in the changing fiscal behavior with political shifts and confirms “the positive theory of debt†, by Alesinaand Tabellini (1989 and 1990), recommending stable political environment with consistent economic policies for Pakistan.
{"title":"Debt and Economic Growth of Pakistan; Role of Uncertain Economic and Political Conditions","authors":"M. Sikandar, Fazal e Wahid","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to investigate the role of political instability and economic uncertainty on debt and economic growth for the data span of 1975 to 2016 in Pakistan. We extract economic uncertainty by using Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic (GARCH) model. We explore the relationship between debt and economic growth simultaneously with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach. The deep-rooted relation of political and economic uncertainty with debt and growth recommends immediate fiscal and public policy adjustments to minimize the harms of higher debt-GDP ratio and slow economic growth. This study results in the changing fiscal behavior with political shifts and confirms “the positive theory of debt†, by Alesinaand Tabellini (1989 and 1990), recommending stable political environment with consistent economic policies for Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77354009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last three decades,the focus of regulatorshas been to enhance the stability of the financial system.However, there is little research as to how the desire for higher financial stability for bank holding companies would affect their efficiency. Byusing a dataset of 553 US Bank Holding Companies (BHC)for the period 2004 to 2015 and a dynamic panel methodology,this study investigates whether the efficiency of BHC was affected by the requirement for higher stability and ownership structure during the sample period. The empirical findings suggest that BHC with higher stability (lower risk levels) are relatively more efficient. Regarding the ownership structure, we find evidence that BHC with a higher proportion of institutional ownership, especially those that exerting market discipline such as mutual funds and hedge funds,positively affects the efficiency of BHC. On the other hand,a higher level of government ownership adversely impacts the efficiency of BHC.Overall empirical findings support the regulatory view that higher stability levels and close monitoring by shareholders help in improving efficiency. The results remain robust with alternative measures of efficiency. Thesefindings have implications for regulators and investorsalike asthere is a need to carefully evaluate regulatory policies such that they may not adversely affect efficiency while keeping the banking sector healthy and stable.
{"title":"The Role of Stability and Ownership Structure in Determining the Efficiency of US Bank Holding Companies","authors":"Samar Jameel Kalyal, Dawood Ashraf, Asfia Obaid","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"During the last three decades,the focus of regulatorshas been to enhance the stability of the financial system.However, there is little research as to how the desire for higher financial stability for bank holding companies would affect their efficiency. Byusing a dataset of 553 US Bank Holding Companies (BHC)for the period 2004 to 2015 and a dynamic panel methodology,this study investigates whether the efficiency of BHC was affected by the requirement for higher stability and ownership structure during the sample period. The empirical findings suggest that BHC with higher stability (lower risk levels) are relatively more efficient. Regarding the ownership structure, we find evidence that BHC with a higher proportion of institutional ownership, especially those that exerting market discipline such as mutual funds and hedge funds,positively affects the efficiency of BHC. On the other hand,a higher level of government ownership adversely impacts the efficiency of BHC.Overall empirical findings support the regulatory view that higher stability levels and close monitoring by shareholders help in improving efficiency. The results remain robust with alternative measures of efficiency. Thesefindings have implications for regulators and investorsalike asthere is a need to carefully evaluate regulatory policies such that they may not adversely affect efficiency while keeping the banking sector healthy and stable.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"36 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Political skill has gained a lot of recognition in terms of managing the interactions within the political arenas of organization. The present study investigated the role of political skill in generating positive behaviors in the presence of mediating mechanism of organizational based self-esteem on the 219 managers serving in banks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Results demonstrated a partially mediated impact of organizational based self-esteem among the political skill and positive behaviors relationship. The study is the first to address the unexplored areas of research identified by Munyoun, Summers, Thompson, & Ferris (2015) regarding political skill impact on positive behaviors. Political skill helps the managers to manage the negativities at workplace by engaging in positive behaviors. Political skill training will help the individuals to groom their personality and work in an optimistic way for the betterment of organization and society at large.
{"title":"Impact of Political Skill on Helping Behavior and Knowledge Sharing Behavior: An Evidence from Banking Sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi","authors":"Dr Afsheen Fiaz, G. Dastgeer","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Political skill has gained a lot of recognition in terms of managing the interactions within the political arenas of organization. The present study investigated the role of political skill in generating positive behaviors in the presence of mediating mechanism of organizational based self-esteem on the 219 managers serving in banks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Results demonstrated a partially mediated impact of organizational based self-esteem among the political skill and positive behaviors relationship. The study is the first to address the unexplored areas of research identified by Munyoun, Summers, Thompson, & Ferris (2015) regarding political skill impact on positive behaviors. Political skill helps the managers to manage the negativities at workplace by engaging in positive behaviors. Political skill training will help the individuals to groom their personality and work in an optimistic way for the betterment of organization and society at large.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77763461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual Capital in Practice in the Public Sector: Developing a Conceptual Framework for the ‘Third Wave’","authors":"A. Khan, M. Nouman","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73941143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the influence of job demands on intention to resign of front line employees (FLEs) of courier industry. Moreover, it also focuses on neglected area of perceived service recovery performance which is the fundamental aspect of success in services industry. The current study incorporates perceived service recovery performance as mediator between job demands and intention to resign under the light of social exchange theory. Past literature of services is deplete with studies on banking industry, food industry, and transport and tourism industry, however, the courier industry is neglected regarding front line employees. Thus, this study responds to call for research by drawing a random sampling of 700 front line employees and their direct supervisors of courier industry. The results reflected that higher job demands results in intention to resign and reduce service recovery performance. Researchers have also discussed the limitation and direction for future research.
{"title":"A Multilevel Analysis of Job Demands and Intention to Resign Through Perceived Service Recovery Performance","authors":"Khansa Zaman, Muhammad Saeed Rana, Umer Iftikhar","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the influence of job demands on intention to resign of front line employees (FLEs) of courier industry. Moreover, it also focuses on neglected area of perceived service recovery performance which is the fundamental aspect of success in services industry. The current study incorporates perceived service recovery performance as mediator between job demands and intention to resign under the light of social exchange theory. Past literature of services is deplete with studies on banking industry, food industry, and transport and tourism industry, however, the courier industry is neglected regarding front line employees. Thus, this study responds to call for research by drawing a random sampling of 700 front line employees and their direct supervisors of courier industry. The results reflected that higher job demands results in intention to resign and reduce service recovery performance. Researchers have also discussed the limitation and direction for future research.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81434240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Value-adding functions of textile industry make the buying firms dependent on their suppliers. The buying firms utilize supplier development practices to improve supplier performance. This study utilized questionnaire survey to collect data from 345 textile firms. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling is employed to test the research framework of supplier development, supplier performance, and trust of suppliers through AMOS. Indirect supplier development and direct supplier development practices affect supplier performance. Findings of the study show that supplier development practices improve supplier performance in textile industry. Buying firms’ trust is positively related to supplier performance improvement. As well as it mediates across supplier development dimensions and supplier performance improvement. The study emphasizes, the large-scale manufacturing buying firms need to trust its suppliers when engaged in supplier development practices in textile industry. Buying firm’s supplier development practices improve supplier performance. Additionally, buying firm’s trust positively, significantly, and partially mediate between supplier development dimensions and supplier performance improvement in textile industry of Pakistan.
{"title":"Impact of Supplier Development on Supplier Performance: Mediating Role of Trust","authors":"Amer Rajput, S. Gulzar, Khurram Shafi","doi":"10.22547/ber/11.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/11.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Value-adding functions of textile industry make the buying firms dependent on their suppliers. The buying firms utilize supplier development practices to improve supplier performance. This study utilized questionnaire survey to collect data from 345 textile firms. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling is employed to test the research framework of supplier development, supplier performance, and trust of suppliers through AMOS. Indirect supplier development and direct supplier development practices affect supplier performance. Findings of the study show that supplier development practices improve supplier performance in textile industry. Buying firms’ trust is positively related to supplier performance improvement. As well as it mediates across supplier development dimensions and supplier performance improvement. The study emphasizes, the large-scale manufacturing buying firms need to trust its suppliers when engaged in supplier development practices in textile industry. Buying firm’s supplier development practices improve supplier performance. Additionally, buying firm’s trust positively, significantly, and partially mediate between supplier development dimensions and supplier performance improvement in textile industry of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":80398,"journal":{"name":"Akron business and economic review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88613247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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