Asklepii : bolgaro-sovetskii ezhegodnik istorii i teorii meditsiny最新文献

Despite that the neurofibromatosis and the multiplex meningiomas have been known for centuries, it is hardly during the last decade that a significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of their etiology and pathogenesis. The development of the concept for NF is being followed from the time of the first descriptions till today.

The authors find out that during the whole period of the Ottoman yoke in our country there is only one publication on forensic medicine which is a Russian translation. Immediately after the Liberation of Bulgaria D. Pasmanik/ a Russian doctor, who has been working in our country/ has written the first manual on forensic medicine entitled 'Conclusions of the Forensic medicine' published in the the 'Juristic Review' journal.

The study of the historical literature shows a poor source material availability for the knowledge of the ear-nose-throat organs and the treatment methods of the ancient healer. Still some treatment methods have been found out based on herbs as well as surgical practices supposing the respective topographical-anatomical and anatomical-physiological knowledge.

The authors study from a medical point of view the health and the long life of the Hunza people in the Himalayas. They come to the conclusion that with Hunza any psychosomatic diseases are excluded because of the fact that they live in peace, they are not emotionally stressed and they are happy with life. There comes to the front the lack of urban harms, the healthy way of life, moderate use of fruits and vegetables and other factors motivating the health and long life of this people.

'Practical Medicine' by D. Pyros, translated by Anastas Granitski, and published in Konstantinople - 1854 appears to be the first textbook on Medicine in Bulgarian language during the Revival period. Anastas Granitski - a professional translator, a man of letters, an enlightener, a polyglot, who had graduated the Greek school in Kurucheshme, and studied for a certain period of time in the Emperor's Medical and Surgical Academy in Galata - Sarai. Among his 18 works as an author and a translator in various spheres there are some in the sphere of medicine including the most significant one - 'Practical Medicine'. It is translated by Granitski into Bulgarian language from Greek very professionally and its significance lies in teh fact that it is the first manual for Bulgarians on medicine. 'Practical Medicine' is interesting in its capacity as a material for the Bulgarian medical and pharmaceutical nomenclature; with its two lithographic tables, drawn by the translator; with its arguments and co-authorship of Granitski on the issues of medicine, included in the preface of the edition.

The authors made a short medico-historical review of the development of the Bulgarian neurosurgery from the antiquity till nowadays. As important factors for its development are the progress in the neuroradiology, anaesthesiology and reanimation and especially the invention of the computed tomography and the introducing of the microneurosurgery. Significant part of the review is dedicated to Prof. Philip Philipov, founder and long standing head of the department of neurosurgery at Medical university - Sofia. His great life-work is followed by his pupils, creating a wide neurosurgery system in Bulgaria.

In the first half of the 20th century the Sofia University 'St. St. Cyril and Methodius' had turned into a national centre for spread of knowledge and education of specialists with University degrees. Among the lecturers in the sphere of the biological sciences there stand out Stefan Konsulov and Mihail Hristov. Their lecturing and popularization activities reflect the historical development of the evolution principles and the genetics, as well as the contemporary approaches and achievements in the sphere of biology.

The scientific activity of M. Popoff consists of 184 publications in the different fields of biology, medicine, citology. He has the contributions to the development of th microbiology and the seroiogy. 40 years of his activity he has devoted to the study of the simulation of the vital processes. The citation of the publications of ML Popoff in the period 1964-1998 is shown. The influence of his works for the development of the biology and medicine is analyzed.

The paper reviews the emergence and the development of the medical ethics and deontology from the foundations of the Bulgarian state till today. With the foundation of the Bulgarian state / 7th century / the traditions and the culture of Thracians, Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians have mixed, the ethnic rules at the beginning being traditional, closely connected with the customs and the beliefs of the ethnical groups taking part in the ethnogenesis of the Bulgarian people. After the baptizing the Christian faith is in the basis of the moral virtues of the folk healers. After the Liberation from the Turkish yoke the major legal and medical norms are being worked out, the first professional and ethical rules obligatory for all doctors and dentists have been adopted, lecturing on medical deontology and taking a Hippocratic oath have been introduced. During the totalitarian period - immediately after the Second World War the medical ethics and deontology are underestimated to a great extent. A correction is made later on after the Moral Code of the doctor in the Peoples' Republic of Bulgaria, taking of the Hippocratic oath is being renewed, and etc. In the period of democracy fundamental legal and deontological sources are established which are the key means to carry out the health reform, incl. also the deontological aspects of health care. A Code of the professional ethics of the doctors and dentists is adopted, lecturing in medical ethics is introduced, lecturing in deontology is renewed, the Hippocratic oath is being taken, various conventions are being conducted, and etc.