Applied Geochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Long-term emission of methane and ethane to the atmosphere from hybrid natural seepage and well leakage in the Sărmăşel gas field (Romania)","authors":"Eduard Ghiorghiu ,&nbsp;Iulia Ajtai ,&nbsp;Ildiko M. Martonos ,&nbsp;Mustafa Hmoudah ,&nbsp;Alexandra Orban ,&nbsp;Alexandru Lupulescu ,&nbsp;Liana Spulber ,&nbsp;Alexandra I. Cozma ,&nbsp;Ștefan Șfabu ,&nbsp;Roxana Moga ,&nbsp;Călin Baciu ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Etiope","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil methane and ethane, produced and accumulated in sedimentary basins, enter the atmosphere through both artificial leakage during gas-oil production activity (fugitive emissions) and natural seepage (gas naturally migrating to the surface). Well leaks, such as accidental blowouts during or after drilling, can be easily recognized by direct ground-based observations, and prompt remedial actions render them as short-term gas emission events, with no significant atmospheric impact. We report a complex case of long-term fugitive emission that developed away from the drilling site, with gas exhaling from the ground together with natural gas seepage. The site refers to the first producing gas well in Transylvania, drilled in 1909 in the Sărmăşel microbial gas field. We combined (a) a historical reconstruction of the events, based on early documents of that period, (b) geological setting analysis (stratigraphy and fault locations), and (c) present-day observation of the surface gas manifestations, through measurements of methane and ethane flux from the ground, and their concentration in the soil, shallow aquifer and surface waters. We deduce that after the closure of the well in 1911, due to gas pressure increase, the gas leaked from the well bottom, penetrated anticlinal strata and entered a natural seepage system along a fault. The leaked, stray gas mixed with the gas naturally migrating to the surface from the underlying reservoirs, producing surface craters with burning vents, still active today. It is likely that the natural seepage system amplified and is still sustaining the post-drilling leak. We estimated that, since 1911, the total amounts of methane and ethane injected from the ground to the atmosphere are at least in the order of 10⁴ t and one t, respectively. Sărmăşel gas manifestation, today leaking &gt;20 kg CH₄ h⁻¹, is a super-emitter according to the definition used for fugitive emissions in Romania. This study represents an example of the risk of uncontrolled, persistent and elusive fugitive emissions that may occur when drilling is executed within a natural seepage system. The presence of ethane in the aquifer and soil supports the hypothesis that the Transylvanian Basin may host a deep thermogenic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon levels in soil and in groundwater in the Alhama de Murcia fault area, Spain","authors":"Victòria Moreno ,&nbsp;Joan Bach ,&nbsp;Mario Zarroca ,&nbsp;Eulàlia Masana ,&nbsp;Lluís Font ,&nbsp;Rogelio Linares","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon and CO₂ in groundwater, radon and thoron in soil, soil radon exhalation rates, and electrical resistivity imaging were measured in the Alhama de Murcia Fault area. The study aims to (i) characterize radon levels in groundwater and soil and (ii) assess whether variations in gas emissions are related to the presence of an active fault. Forty water sampling points exhibited ²²²Rn concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 66.8 Bq/L, while 22 soil points along two profiles crossing the fault showed low annual mean values of (8 ± 1) kBq m⁻³ and (12 ± 2) kBq m⁻³. Soil radon exhalation rates at the two profiles, (36 ± 8) and (53 ± 12) Bq m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively, are consistent with these concentrations. Spatial variability of soil radon along both profiles, [1–22] kBq m⁻³, appears associated with the main fault location. Temporal variations of ²²²Rn recorded at a monitoring station from early 2013 to mid-2015 closely match punctual measurements. While fluctuations are largely controlled by barometric pressure and atmospheric temperature, detailed analyses combining multiple radon anomaly detection methods indicate a possible influence of nearby seismic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation Pitfalls for carbonate mineral dissolution — A technical note","authors":"Fiona J. Weiss,&nbsp;Leon Keim,&nbsp;Kai Wendel,&nbsp;Holger Class","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In reactive transport modeling, an accurate understanding of reaction rates is essential; discrepancies in parameter reporting can greatly affect simulation results. This technical note identifies an issue with the reporting of rate parameters for carbonate mineral dissolution in a widely used database for reactive transport modeling based on Palandri and Kharaka (2004). Specifically, the reaction order was reported with respect to the partial pressure <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> rather than the activity of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msubsup><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, causing a considerable overestimation of reaction timescales. We demonstrate the implications of this error by simulating a calcite dissolution batch experiment using Reaktoro and DuMuX and comparing the results to experimental data. By adjusting the parameter to align with established literature, we demonstrate an improved fit between simulated and experimental data. Discrepancies in reaction timescales were reduced by an order of magnitude, emphasizing the importance of regular validation of simulations with experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sub-liter pretreatment method for Orbitrap–based freshwater phosphate oxygen isotope measurement","authors":"Zhao Wei ,&nbsp;Baoying Wang ,&nbsp;Longchen Zhu ,&nbsp;Yihang Hong ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Yan ,&nbsp;Yongbo Peng ,&nbsp;Shohei Hattori ,&nbsp;Huiming Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphate oxygen isotope composition (<em>δ</em>¹⁸O(PO₄³⁻)) provides critical insights into the sources and transformation processes of phosphorus in aquatic environments. However, the low PO₄³⁻ concentration (&lt;1 μM) in natural freshwater necessitates large sample volumes (25–100 L) and tedious procedures in the conventional <em>δ</em>¹⁸O(PO₄³⁻) analysis method that uses thermal conversion/elemental analysis linked to a gas–source isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (TC/EA–IRMS). Here, we report a method for analyzing <em>δ</em>¹⁸O(PO₄³⁻) using sub-liter volumes (∼1 L) of freshwater. The approach uses a well-established zirconium-oxide-gel method to adsorb dissolved PO₄³⁻, followed by purification of PO₄³⁻ via anion exchange resin and isotope measurement by Electrospray Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (ESI–Orbitrap–MS). The whole pretreatment procedure results in a <em>δ</em>¹⁸O(PO₄³⁻) accuracy of ±0.8 ‰, within the analytical uncertainty of the ESI–Orbitrap–MS measurement. Calibration with TC/EA–IRMS produced nearly a 1:1 regression (slope 0.96, residual &lt;0.9 ‰). Tests on freshwater samples from a natural lake achieved an accuracy of ±0.3 ‰. The method reduces sample volume by three orders of magnitude compared to the TC/EA–IRMS method, opening up opportunities to trace PO₄³⁻ cycling and source apportionment in an unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical mechanisms of ore-bearing layer clogging during acid ISL of uranium","authors":"Xuefeng Liu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Liu ,&nbsp;Yongguo Xing ,&nbsp;Yihan Yang ,&nbsp;Ruyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the hydrogeochemical mechanisms of permeability reduction during acid in situ leaching (ISL) in the C12 mining area of the Bayan Ula uranium deposit. It analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of leaching solution chemistry and conducted hydrogeochemical modeling. The key processes influencing permeability were identified. SO₄²⁻ concentration decreased significantly over time. Ca²⁺ concentration initially increased and then declined. This change resulted from the enhanced dissolution of calcium-bearing minerals and subsequent gypsum precipitation. Spatially, Ca²⁺ showed an increasing and then decreasing trend along the flow path. This pattern corresponded to intensified mineral reactions. SO₄²⁻ progressively decreased along the pathway, with the main acid consumption zone located downstream. PHREEQC simulations indicated that Ca²⁺ mainly existed as free Ca²⁺ and CaSO₄ complexes. Gypsum formation occurred when Ca²⁺ exceeded the precipitation threshold (Ca²⁺_{b, CaSO4}). The saturation index (SI_CaSO4) and reaction condition index (RCI_Ca²⁺) showed that the tendency for gypsum precipitation weakened over time but increased downstream. This change was driven by pH-induced variations in SO₄²⁻ activity. These findings aligned with observed leaching solution chemistry. They confirmed that gypsum precipitation, especially in downstream regions, played a critical role in reducing ISL permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to the virtual special issue on the “18th International conference on the chemistry and migration behaviour of actinides and fission products in the geosphere, MIGRATION 2023”","authors":"Bernd Grambow ,&nbsp;Horst Geckeis ,&nbsp;Gilles Montavon ,&nbsp;Tomo Suzuki-Muresan ,&nbsp;Xavier Gaona","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride sources, hydrogeochemical dynamics, and probabilistic risk evaluation in deep groundwater of the Bozhou Plain, Eastern China","authors":"Jinzhao Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Si ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Guijian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluoride enrichment in deep groundwater systems poses critical environmental and public health challenges. In this study, 106 deep groundwater samples from the Bozhou Plain (BZP) were systematically analyzed using hydrogeochemical approaches and probabilistic risk modeling to identify fluoride sources, elucidate geochemical dynamics, and assess health risks. The results demonstrated that the groundwater exhibited weak alkalinity and moderate mineralization. Hydrochemical facies were dominated by Cl·HCO₃–Na and HCO₃–Na. Fluoride concentrations varied between 0.5 and 5.9 mg L⁻¹(mean: 1.9 mg L⁻¹), with 87.7 % of samples exceeding the Chinese National Drinking Water Standards. Geochemical evidence from Piper diagrams, Gibbs plots, and saturation indices indicated that fluorite dissolution was the principal source of F⁻, while calcite precipitation and cation exchange reduced Ca²⁺ activity, thereby enhancing fluoride accumulation. Health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the mean hazard index for children was 1.57, significantly higher than 0.91 for adults. The probability of non-carcinogenic risk reached 75.71 % for children, compared to 36.22 % for adults. These findings quantitatively clarify the mechanisms of fluoride enrichment in confined aquifers and highlight the elevated vulnerability of children, providing essential insights for groundwater safety management in fluoride-affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviours of 210Pb and 137Cs in Yellow Sea sediments under the influence of waste dumping","authors":"Xiaoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Jaeeun Lee ,&nbsp;Junhyeong Seo ,&nbsp;Hyunmi Lee ,&nbsp;Intae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents and evaluates the distribution patterns and deposition fluxes of both natural and artificial radionuclides, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs, in the sediments of the Yellow Sea region. Higher sediment deposition fluxes of ²¹⁰Pb were observed in the muddy sediment area compared to the sandy area. In addition, the deposition fluxes of excess ²¹⁰Pb at the dumping site and surrounding areas showed higher values (663.1 ± 588.6 Bq/m² yr⁻¹) than those at the non-dumping sites (359.7 ± 373.3 Bq/m² yr⁻¹) within the muddy area. Thus, although the sedimentation rates in the study area calculated using excess ²¹⁰Pb showed an average value of 0.35 ± 0.23 cm yr⁻¹, which is comparable with those reported in previous studies of the Yellow Sea, this study indicates the significant influence of anthropogenic waste dumping on the accumulation of ²¹⁰Pb in the bottom sediments. The ¹³⁷Cs activities in most stations exhibited an exponential decrease from the surface sediments, similar to the pattern of ²¹⁰Pb, although one site showed peak values at depths of 9–13 cm. However, unlike the typical ¹³⁷Cs peaks that correspond to major events, such as the 1963 nuclear tests, the age of the sediments at peak depths in this study ranged widely, from the 1950s to the 1970s. This imprecision in dating is likely attributable to the high sediment turbulence in the Yellow Sea and the weaker particle-reactive nature of ¹³⁷Cs, which facilitates the remobilization of particulate ¹³⁷Cs into the dissolved phase. Moreover, our results indicate a much lower deposition flux of ¹³⁷Cs compared to previous studies, further demonstrating the limitations of using ¹³⁷Cs as a tracer in high-sediment-surface areas. Overall, this study highlights the impact of waste dumping on the accumulation of ²¹⁰Pb in marginal seas, even in dynamic sedimentary environments such as the Yellow Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open versus closed system injection: A key critical geochemical control on in-situ CO2 mineralisation in basalts","authors":"Domenik Wolff-Boenisch,&nbsp;Stephanie Vialle","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over a decade ago, CarbFix1 in Iceland (Matter et al., 2016) and the Wallula Basalt Project in Washington state (McGrail et al., 2017) showed in short succession that carbon mineralisation in the field at shallow depth (≤1 km) and low T (c. 35 °C) can be achieved in less than two years, orders of magnitude faster than previously anticipated.</div><div>Since then, no other field site has yet reproduced this carbon storage success -other than CarbFix2, which has been injecting CO₂ since 2014, albeit into a superhot basaltic reservoir at more than 250 °C (Clark et al., 2020). This contribution looks again at the low TP precursor sites, especially CarbFix1, to identify the reasons that drove the mineralisation of CO₂. It seeks to disentangle the confounding factors that affected carbonatisation. Based on geochemical modelling, it is reasoned that CarbFix1 (and Wallula) benefited primarily from the fact that injection was not continuous over a long period of time, only five and three weeks, respectively. This finite time frame allowed the attainment of closed reaction-controlled conditions along the flow path, which aided in the formation of secondary phases, including carbonates. It is reasoned that future CO₂ storage efforts into basalts will run on a considerably longer and, crucially, continuous time frame. Under such open injection conditions, the geochemistry of the reservoir will change; our models indicate that the groundwater will be buffered at pH ≤∼6.5. This pH buffer coincides with the ‘sweet spot’ for mineralisation of CO₂ in basalts at low temperatures (20–50 °C) that Snæbjörnsdóttir et al. (2018) postulated would allow (Ca)-Mg-Fe carbonate formation whilst keeping zeolite and smectite formation at bay. Open conditions will thus not run counter to, or become detrimental to, the carbon mineralisation efforts in basaltic terrains; however, the secondary mineralogy will very likely differ from that observed at CarbFix1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral-driven persulfate activation: the role of recycled concrete alkalinity in oxidative water treatment","authors":"Chiara Cappelli ,&nbsp;Albert Fernández-Lagunas ,&nbsp;María Usieto ,&nbsp;Mònica Rosell ,&nbsp;Clara Torrentó ,&nbsp;Cristina Domènech ,&nbsp;Jordi Palau ,&nbsp;Albert Soler","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissolution of concrete—a prevalent anthropogenic material—generates hyperalkaline, Ca-rich leachates that may influence redox processes in subsurface environments. The knowledge of these geochemical processes serves as theoretical framework for the application of recycling concrete material to circular economy systems, providing sustainable alternatives to the concerning issue of the construction waste management while positively acting on specific environmental settings. This study investigates the potential of recycled concrete as a long-term alkaline activator for sodium persulfate in In Situ Chemical Oxidation groundwater treatments, with a focus on application in groundwater-recharge interception trenches in the vadose zone. A laboratory-scale study was conducted using flow-through columns filled with crushed recycled concrete, which was exposed to contaminated groundwater. The research assessed (i) the ability of concrete to generate and maintain alkaline conditions for persulfate activation, (ii) its mineralogical composition to determine reactivity and surface passivation, and (iii) chemical changes occurring upon persulfate addition at two different dosages. Results showed that recycled concrete effectively maintained high pH and buffered the system after persulfate injection, enabling efficient activation of the oxidant and substantial degradation of dissolved organic carbon. The system was controlled by the dissolution of concrete aggregates and cement phase together with the carbonation and (re)precipitation of new phases. The role of calcium and aluminium/magnesium silicate hydrates was proven to be crucial for the stability of the concrete microstructure and for maintaining the alkalinity. These findings demonstrate the dual role of recycled concrete for providing long-term alkaline activation of persulfate and mitigating clogging risks, supporting is practical use in groundwater remediation strategies promoting circular economy principles. Furthermore, these findings mirror processes observed in different hyperalkaline systems (e.g., radioactive waste repositories, CO₂ storage) where mineral-driven redox reactions control contaminant fate and/or carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}