Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

The presented work was aimed at studying the features of accumulation of radionuclides ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb, as well as micro- (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, Ti, Sr) and macroelements (Mn, Fe, Al) by fruticose epiphytic (Bryoria spp., Usnea spp.) and epigeal (Cladonia spp.) lichens in the middle and northern taiga subzone of the European Northeast (Komi Republic, Russia). Lichens were collected from forests of seven municipalities. Areas with combined radiation and chemical pollution were also included in the study. The relevance of the study is related to the increasing anthropogenic load worldwide, insufficient data on the concentrations of the studied elements in the environment of Komi Republic, their potential toxicity, including high radioactive toxicity of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb, as well as the possibility of using these lichens for bioindication of various pollutants, including radioactive ones. It has been established that the accumulation of chemical elements by lichens differs both for areas with different technogenic loads, and for different ecological-substrate groups of lichens. Based on the data from correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), as well as enrichment factors (EF) of lichens with chemical elements, the features of their intake into lichen thalli were studied. It was concluded that in the taiga zone epiphytes may be the preferable bioindicators of elements that enter the Earth's surface with air. Epigeal lichen Cladonia also showed good accumulating ability for ²¹⁰Po, ²¹⁰Pb, as well as microelements in areas with their high content in soils.

To study an effective removal method of residual cephalosporin antibiotics in water, taking the ceftriaxone sodium (CFS) as a research object, the adsorption effects of the resins with different characteristic parameters for CFS were investigated in the pH range of 2.0–5.0. MTS9570, a sorbent containing sulfonic-phosphoric acid bi-functional group, was optimally selected and further to study the adsorption removal behavior to CFS in depth for the first time. Owning to the highest fitness of the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion (R² > 0.99), two models can better describe the process of CFS onto MTS9570, indicating that the process is controlled by the chemi-sorption and intra-particle diffusion together. Compared with Freundlich and Temkin isotherm, Langmuir isotherm is the best fitness with highest R² and lowest AIC values, indicating that there exists a monolayer adsorption on the surface of MTS9570 sorbent to CFS. ∆H < 0, ∆S > 0 and ∆G < 0, imply that the adsorption is an exothermic spontaneous process with increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. The adsorption ability of MTS9570 after six adsorption–desorption cycles can still reach 90.13% of the initial adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorbent has good reusability. Combining the above results with the bi-functional group of the adsorbent as well as the molecular structure of CFS, we speculate that the potential adsorption mechanism of MTS9570 to CFS may be mainly controlled by electrostatic interaction and supplemented by hydrogen bonding.

Developing effective material for pesticide adsorption is a vital issue to protect the environment from their harmful effects. Copper-based metal–organic frameworks including Cu-BTC and its mixed metal derivatives (Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC, and Mn-Cu-BTC) were successfully formed. Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC and Mn-Cu-BTC MOFs were synthesized by direct substituting one Cu atom in Cu-BTC with Fe, Co, or Mn. Their structures were characterized using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, scanning electron microscopy with EDX, Transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area analysis, and Size distribution. Prepared MOFs adsorbed chlorpyrifos from wastewater and their adsorption capacities were compared. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal models were the best to describe the adsorption of chlorpyrifos from water. The coordination bonding was the dominant mechanism; physical adsorption, π-π stacking interaction, and hydrogen bonding were also participated in the adsorption process. Cu-BTC_, Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC and Mn-Cu-BTC had elimination capacities of 379, 851, 683, and 762 mg/g, respectively. This study also investigates their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and they exhibited a good inhibition effect. The inhibition zone of Co–Cu-BTC is greater than Cu-BTC with 1.44, 1.38, and 1.60 times for E. coli, Ps. Aeruginosa, S. aureus, respectively. The synthesized MOFs are promising materials for the removal of chlorpyrifos with effective antimicrobial agents.

More and more non-medicinal wastes produced during the planting and processing of Chinese herbal medicine caused serious pollution. How to use these wastes efficiently and reasonably has become a popular topic with great interest. In this text, a new strain of antagonistic fungi Aspergillus niger was isolated from the root of the antimicrobial herb rhubarb, and the effect of its inoculation in Chinese medicinal herbal wastes (CMHWs) composting was investigated. Results suggested that the addition of CMHWs and A. niger could accelerate the composting process, improve the total N (TN) content (3.9%), the germination index (GI) value (132%) and the antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum (P. carotovorum) (zone of inhibition, 14.3 mm). Potting experiments suggested that a 15% dose of compost promotes the Chinese cabbage plant growth, and increases the soil TN content (0.3097%), and OM (organic matter, 74.49%), as well as the enzyme activities in the phytopathogen-contaminated rhizosphere soil. The abundance of soil Proteobacteria in compost treatments (38.2%-54.3%) was significantly higher. The highest relative abundance of Aspergillus, Pichia, and Fusarium in phytopathogen soil increased dramatically for the compost treatment, accounting for more than 65% of the microbial sequences at the fungal genus level. Redundancy analysis showed that the OM and TN were positively correlated with the Proteobacteria, Aspergillus and Fusarium, etc. Therefore, the CMHWs compost inoculated with endogenous fungi A. niger has great potential application in the waste resource utilization of Chinese herbal medicine and restoration of alkaline phytopathogenic soil.

Societal perspectives are hindering to admit sewage as a significant source of pollution along the coastlines. The sea’s natural dilution is a solution for alleviating the sewage pollution is an ongoing global presumption. However, recent studies indicate the worldwide degradation of coastlines due to sewage discharges. This issue demands immediate attention to prevent future exacerbation. The aim of this perspective is to raise awareness among the global public about the threats and impacts of coastal sewage pollution, as well as to encourage policymakers, government bodies, international organizations, and researchers in formulating policies and mitigation strategies.

The present review paper investigates how traditional indigenous practices supports sustainable agriculture. The paper is focused on analyzing different sustainable indigenous agricultural methods that have been developed and practiced by different indigenous communities for generations. The paper seeks to highlight the relevance in achieving SDGs. Furthermore, the review investigates on implementation of indigenous technologies to predict weather changes, incentives allocated for sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural initiatives proposed by G20 summit 2023 to adopt ‘smart, sustainable and serve’ (3S) strategies. Comprehensive literature search has been done among relevant academic databases with peer reviewed articles, reports and other publications related to traditional indigenous practices and their contribution to agricultural sustainability and SDGs. Indigenous agricultural methods such as intercropping, agroforestry, and organic farming show a profound awareness of ecological processes and place a strong emphasis on the preservation of biodiversity, soil fertility, water management, and sustainable land use. The paper records the vast knowledge and skills that indigenous societies have gathered over many generations and discuss the traditional indigenous practices in addressing current agricultural difficulties. This paper highlights the importance of valuing and integrating traditional indigenous practices as we strive towards agricultural sustainability and the achievement of the SDGs as discussed on G20 in India and how it helps us in achieving sustainable global economic growth.

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According to the results of the experimental study, it was found that the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles does not lead to changes in morphological, structural, functional and fluorescent indices of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and the dinophyte Prorocentrum cordatum in the concentration range of 0.5–6.2 mg L⁻¹. At the highest concentration of the pollutant (6.2 mg L⁻¹), no decrease in the enzymatic activity (FDA fluorescence characterizes the level of metabolic activity of cells) of algae and no increase in the production of reactive oxygen (D2CFH-DA fluorescence, reflects ROS production in cells) species were observed after 72 h of cultivation. The efficiency of the cell photosynthetic apparatus (Fv/Fm) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) were maintained at a high relatively constant level for algae growing under high NPs TiO₂ concentration. Scanning electron and light microscopy micrographs also showed the absence of morphological changes in T. weissflogii and P. cordatum cells and no significant cell wall deformation when exposed to NPs TiO₂. It is suggested that probably the absence of adsorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the surface of T. weissflogii and P. cordatum cells is associated with the physicochemical properties of TiO₂ NPs, in particular, with their surface charge.

In the era of climate change, the correlation between climate, food security, and water resources is profoundly influenced by microbial ecosystems. This review explores the important role of these often-overlooked microorganisms in maintaining the delicate balance required for sustainable agriculture and clean water availability. Microbes, though minuscule, orchestrate vital processes shaping nutrient cycling, soil health, and ecosystem functionality in both terrestrial and aquatic domains. As climate shifts occur, these adaptable microbes adjust, affecting ecosystem dynamics. Climate-smart agriculture harnesses microbial partnerships for soil carbon sequestration and stress mitigation, safeguarding the food supply. Microbes support crop productivity and resilience while also managing pests and diseases in changing climates. Additionally, they contribute to water purification and quality stabilization through water treatment and biofilms, ensuring clean water resources. Microbial diversity acts as a buffer against climate-induced disruptions, underlining their role in sustaining ecosystem stability. Integrating microbial approaches into policies and practices becomes crucial for climate adaptation, paving the way for sustainable agriculture and water management. Novel microbial technologies hold promise in addressing climate-food-water challenges, while collaborative research remains essential for innovative solutions at this critical interface of science and policy. Moreover, microbial ecosystems emerge as essential to food security and water resources in the face of climate change, charting a path towards a resilient and sustainable future.

Ensuring food security for the world's growing population while advancing sustainable agriculture and reducing conventional fertilizer use is a major challenge. The objective of this research was to comparatively evaluate the effect of microalgae biomass biofertilizer, derived from the production of Arthrospira platensis DHR 20 (Spirulina) in cattle wastewater under organic management (CW), on the development of arugula. It also examined the microbiological attributes of arugula leaves and the changes in soil chemical properties and structural composition of the soil post-experiment. The experiment consisted of three treatments: T1 – control, with urea application; T2 – CW; T3 – microalgae biofertilizer. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven replications and four plants per plot. The main conclusion of this research is that microalgae biomass biofertilizer presents nutritional potential for arugula, particularly as a source of N (187.5 mg L⁻¹) and K (92.9 mg L⁻¹), and can replace conventional urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source in the cultivation of arugula, with similar plant development quality according to the Dickson Quality Index. According to the SAR, the microalgae biomass biofertilizer and CW do not present soil sodicity restrictions and show a low to moderate level of restriction for soil use in terms of salinity. The average biofixation rate of 0.22 CO₂ L⁻¹ d⁻¹ obtained in the study suggests that Spirulina cultivation in CW is suitable for this greenhouse gas biofixation. Leaves from the three treatment groups yielded negative results for the presence of thermotolerant coliforms. Both microalgae biofertilizer and CW acted as soil conditioners, improving its structural quality when compared to soil fertilized with urea.

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The development of heavy metal-resistant microbial species (STS) and their interactions in the reclaimed soil play a vital role in improving the stability of mining area ecosystems. However, the development of the STS in reclaimed soil (Re) and the interactions to resist heavy metal stress (HMs) for maintaining the stability of co‑occurrence networks is still unclear. Therefore, this study employed high-throughput sequencing and differential abundance testing to explore the mechanisms of STS changes and the formation of co‑occurrence network resistance to HMs in reclaimed soil succession. Our results revealed that (1) Re treatment significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the soil and reduced the levels of HMs. Compared with the control group (CK), the heavy metal content in Re treatment decreased as follows: Hg (50.76%) > Cd (46.43%) > Cu (43.91%) > As (35.89%) > Pb (33.49%) > Cr (24.39%); (2) Compared with CK, the Shannon, ACE, and Observed species indices of bacteria in Re increased significantly by 11.70%, 549.33%, and 392.00% (p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, Re significantly altered the β-diversity of bacterial communities (p < 0.01); (3) Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were identified as the STS mediated by mining reclamation, and their changes exhibited a significant positive correlation with pH, SOM, and heavy metal content; (4) Compared with CK, the changes in STS increased the number of network modules in Re. The enrichment of Chloroflexi in the first four network modules in Re showed positive effects on Cu, Cd, and Pb stress, and taxa communities in module 3 may have a certain role in resisting As and Cr stress. Our results indicate the mechanisms of STS development and co‑occurrence network resistance in the long-term reclamation process of mining areas, thereby providing valuable insights for a deeper understanding of the role of microbes in ecological restoration of mining areas.

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