Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient essential for agricultural production, but it is highly reactive, leading to its soil accumulation and making it susceptible to environmental impact footprints. The goal of our study was to determine the critical threshold values of both soluble reactive P (SRP) and oxalate-extracted P (Ox-P) to predict soil P accumulation and its susceptibility to edge-of-field loss. Composite soils were collected from geo-referenced ecosystems within the Lake Erie drainage basin under agriculture in northwestern Ohio, USA. Soils were analyzed for SRP, Ox-P, Fe, and Al concentrations to calculate P sorption capacity, P saturation ratio, degree of P saturation (DPS), and P storage capacity (SPSC). A threshold P saturation ratio of 0.12 (~ 24% DPS), corresponding to 2.4 mg SRP/kg (equivalent Ox-P), was determined to calculate SPSC for predicting the risk of SRP accumulation. A significant relationship between the SPSC and SRP suggested that soils under all the agroecosystems had accumulated SRP compared to the forest. Surface soils (0–10 cm depth) under tilled, chemically fertilized, and organically managed corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) rotations, including those treated with chicken and dairy manure, exhibited excessive SRP accumulation, making them susceptible to edge-of-field losses. While the soils at 10–20 cm depth were acting as transitional, the deeper soils (20–30 cm depth) still acted as a net sink. When accounting for bulk density to calculate SPSC stocks, it showed that surface soils across the agroecosystems were saturated with 148 to 240 kg SRP/ha and were susceptible to edge-of-field loss to the water systems. In conclusion, we suggest that SPSC could be used as an early indicator to predict the risk of SRP accumulation and its potential edge-of-field loss to Lake Erie from agroecosystems.

The sulfate-reducing anaerobic ammonia oxidation (SRAO) reaction, as a biochemical reaction, is influenced by many factors. Different factors have different removal effects and change the acting bacterial species. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT), organic matter concentration, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ and N/S on the SRAO reaction. The influent ammonia and sulfate concentrations were maintained at about 120 mg/L and 250 mg/L, respectively, during the experiment. The highest removal rates of 98.5% and 52.4% were achieved at HRT of 48 h. When HRT was 24 h, the removal rates of both decreased, but the highest removal loads of 0.092 kgN/m³·d and 0.168 kgS/m³·d were achieved, respectively. As the concentration of influent organic matter increased, the activity of SRAO strains decreased and the sulfate removal rate increased, suggesting that the functional bacteria strains were gradually transformed into desulfurizing bacteria. Small additions of NO₃⁻ (30 mg/L) and NO₂⁻ (40 mg/L) during the experimental process could promote the reaction, but too high a concentration would affect the removal of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate. In the SRAO system, controlling the concentration of influent substrate (in the case of low concentration) and N/S in the influent water (N/S = 2) can improve the efficiency of the interconversion of nitrogen and sulfur and reduce the generation of other by-products.

To achieve a holistic assessment of the water quality dynamics within the principal riverine systems of Yandu District, this study employed a comprehensive analysis of the Water Quality Index (WQI) derived from the monthly monitoring data collected at fifteen designated water quality monitoring stations across the main rivers from 2020 to 2022. The following results were obtained: Firstly, the annual average value of WQI during 2020–2022 was 58.14, and the water quality of Yandu District was considered as generally“moderate”. Secondly, the WQI values in non-flood season were better than those in flood season and the WQI values in the northeast rivers were lower than other rivers. Thirdly, the main factors affecting water quality were NH₃-N, TP, COD_Mn and DO. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of water quality during the flood season and prioritize the treatment of the northern rivers in the Yandu District. The findings of this research could offer valuable insights for the evaluation, conservation, and management of water quality within analogous riverine systems, thereby contributing to the broader field of aquatic environmental science.

Road dust resuspension in urban environments can contribute to high human exposure to metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other potentially toxic organic compounds. However, for many regions, information on loadings, emission factors and chemical profiles is lacking to accurately apply emission inventories and source apportionment models. In the present study, PM₁₀ samples were collected with an in situ road dust sampler from eleven representative streets of Bragança, an inland city of the Iberian Peninsula, and were analysed for organic and elemental carbon by a thermal-optical technique, elemental composition by ICP-MS and ICP-OES, and ecotoxicity by a luminescence inhibition bioassay with Allivibrio fischeri. A global emission factor of 5.36 ± 2.35 mg veh⁻¹ km⁻¹ was obtained but in suburban areas the values reached twice the average. Total carbon accounted for 14.9 ± 6.8% of the PM₁₀ mass, while element oxides represented the largest share (28.6 ± 18.7%). Very high enrichments were found for typical traffic-related elements such as Cu, Zn, S, Pb and Ni. The geochemical index I_geo further confirmed that road dust of the study region is extremely contaminated by elements mainly originated from tyre and brake wear. Although the total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with metal exposure were found to be low for both children and adults, the bioluminescence inhibition assay showed (eco)toxic responses for all samples, indicating that road dust resuspension may pose a significant human health and ecological threat.

The presented work was aimed at studying the features of accumulation of radionuclides ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb, as well as micro- (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, Ti, Sr) and macroelements (Mn, Fe, Al) by fruticose epiphytic (Bryoria spp., Usnea spp.) and epigeal (Cladonia spp.) lichens in the middle and northern taiga subzone of the European Northeast (Komi Republic, Russia). Lichens were collected from forests of seven municipalities. Areas with combined radiation and chemical pollution were also included in the study. The relevance of the study is related to the increasing anthropogenic load worldwide, insufficient data on the concentrations of the studied elements in the environment of Komi Republic, their potential toxicity, including high radioactive toxicity of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb, as well as the possibility of using these lichens for bioindication of various pollutants, including radioactive ones. It has been established that the accumulation of chemical elements by lichens differs both for areas with different technogenic loads, and for different ecological-substrate groups of lichens. Based on the data from correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), as well as enrichment factors (EF) of lichens with chemical elements, the features of their intake into lichen thalli were studied. It was concluded that in the taiga zone epiphytes may be the preferable bioindicators of elements that enter the Earth's surface with air. Epigeal lichen Cladonia also showed good accumulating ability for ²¹⁰Po, ²¹⁰Pb, as well as microelements in areas with their high content in soils.

To study an effective removal method of residual cephalosporin antibiotics in water, taking the ceftriaxone sodium (CFS) as a research object, the adsorption effects of the resins with different characteristic parameters for CFS were investigated in the pH range of 2.0–5.0. MTS9570, a sorbent containing sulfonic-phosphoric acid bi-functional group, was optimally selected and further to study the adsorption removal behavior to CFS in depth for the first time. Owning to the highest fitness of the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion (R² > 0.99), two models can better describe the process of CFS onto MTS9570, indicating that the process is controlled by the chemi-sorption and intra-particle diffusion together. Compared with Freundlich and Temkin isotherm, Langmuir isotherm is the best fitness with highest R² and lowest AIC values, indicating that there exists a monolayer adsorption on the surface of MTS9570 sorbent to CFS. ∆H < 0, ∆S > 0 and ∆G < 0, imply that the adsorption is an exothermic spontaneous process with increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. The adsorption ability of MTS9570 after six adsorption–desorption cycles can still reach 90.13% of the initial adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorbent has good reusability. Combining the above results with the bi-functional group of the adsorbent as well as the molecular structure of CFS, we speculate that the potential adsorption mechanism of MTS9570 to CFS may be mainly controlled by electrostatic interaction and supplemented by hydrogen bonding.

Developing effective material for pesticide adsorption is a vital issue to protect the environment from their harmful effects. Copper-based metal–organic frameworks including Cu-BTC and its mixed metal derivatives (Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC, and Mn-Cu-BTC) were successfully formed. Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC and Mn-Cu-BTC MOFs were synthesized by direct substituting one Cu atom in Cu-BTC with Fe, Co, or Mn. Their structures were characterized using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, scanning electron microscopy with EDX, Transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area analysis, and Size distribution. Prepared MOFs adsorbed chlorpyrifos from wastewater and their adsorption capacities were compared. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal models were the best to describe the adsorption of chlorpyrifos from water. The coordination bonding was the dominant mechanism; physical adsorption, π-π stacking interaction, and hydrogen bonding were also participated in the adsorption process. Cu-BTC_, Fe-Cu-BTC, Co–Cu-BTC and Mn-Cu-BTC had elimination capacities of 379, 851, 683, and 762 mg/g, respectively. This study also investigates their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and they exhibited a good inhibition effect. The inhibition zone of Co–Cu-BTC is greater than Cu-BTC with 1.44, 1.38, and 1.60 times for E. coli, Ps. Aeruginosa, S. aureus, respectively. The synthesized MOFs are promising materials for the removal of chlorpyrifos with effective antimicrobial agents.

More and more non-medicinal wastes produced during the planting and processing of Chinese herbal medicine caused serious pollution. How to use these wastes efficiently and reasonably has become a popular topic with great interest. In this text, a new strain of antagonistic fungi Aspergillus niger was isolated from the root of the antimicrobial herb rhubarb, and the effect of its inoculation in Chinese medicinal herbal wastes (CMHWs) composting was investigated. Results suggested that the addition of CMHWs and A. niger could accelerate the composting process, improve the total N (TN) content (3.9%), the germination index (GI) value (132%) and the antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum (P. carotovorum) (zone of inhibition, 14.3 mm). Potting experiments suggested that a 15% dose of compost promotes the Chinese cabbage plant growth, and increases the soil TN content (0.3097%), and OM (organic matter, 74.49%), as well as the enzyme activities in the phytopathogen-contaminated rhizosphere soil. The abundance of soil Proteobacteria in compost treatments (38.2%-54.3%) was significantly higher. The highest relative abundance of Aspergillus, Pichia, and Fusarium in phytopathogen soil increased dramatically for the compost treatment, accounting for more than 65% of the microbial sequences at the fungal genus level. Redundancy analysis showed that the OM and TN were positively correlated with the Proteobacteria, Aspergillus and Fusarium, etc. Therefore, the CMHWs compost inoculated with endogenous fungi A. niger has great potential application in the waste resource utilization of Chinese herbal medicine and restoration of alkaline phytopathogenic soil.

Societal perspectives are hindering to admit sewage as a significant source of pollution along the coastlines. The sea’s natural dilution is a solution for alleviating the sewage pollution is an ongoing global presumption. However, recent studies indicate the worldwide degradation of coastlines due to sewage discharges. This issue demands immediate attention to prevent future exacerbation. The aim of this perspective is to raise awareness among the global public about the threats and impacts of coastal sewage pollution, as well as to encourage policymakers, government bodies, international organizations, and researchers in formulating policies and mitigation strategies.

The present review paper investigates how traditional indigenous practices supports sustainable agriculture. The paper is focused on analyzing different sustainable indigenous agricultural methods that have been developed and practiced by different indigenous communities for generations. The paper seeks to highlight the relevance in achieving SDGs. Furthermore, the review investigates on implementation of indigenous technologies to predict weather changes, incentives allocated for sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural initiatives proposed by G20 summit 2023 to adopt ‘smart, sustainable and serve’ (3S) strategies. Comprehensive literature search has been done among relevant academic databases with peer reviewed articles, reports and other publications related to traditional indigenous practices and their contribution to agricultural sustainability and SDGs. Indigenous agricultural methods such as intercropping, agroforestry, and organic farming show a profound awareness of ecological processes and place a strong emphasis on the preservation of biodiversity, soil fertility, water management, and sustainable land use. The paper records the vast knowledge and skills that indigenous societies have gathered over many generations and discuss the traditional indigenous practices in addressing current agricultural difficulties. This paper highlights the importance of valuing and integrating traditional indigenous practices as we strive towards agricultural sustainability and the achievement of the SDGs as discussed on G20 in India and how it helps us in achieving sustainable global economic growth.

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