APCBEE Procedia最新文献

This paper focuses on the fundamental period vibration evaluation of civil engineering constructions achieved in reinforced concrete which use the shear walls bracing system. As known, in the vibration modes assessment phase of a given structure, much of the seismic energy is absorbed by the fundamental mode. For this reason, many authors have provided empirical formulas using many approaches. Based on an elastic behavior and the Dunkerley formula, a simplified expression is proposed, which takes into account the geometrical and the mechanical characteristics of the structure. Following this development, the period value is a function of the number of floors of the considered structure. It is in good agreement with that obtained by the FEM that uses numerical methods requiring a sophisticated and more complex process. It may constitute a practical tool for practicing engineers in the preliminary design phase of any SW building.

Iran with nearly 165 million hectare of land area and amount of rainfall equal to 300 mm in 67% of its territorial land, is considered as a semi-dry region in the world. Rice production in Iran needs to be increased to feed a growing population, whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy field is the change of irrigation regime and replacement of continuous submergence to alternate submergence. In order to investigate the effect of different regimes of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield of hybrid rice, an experiment was conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran during crop season 2008. The experiment was arranged in split plot based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications in which water regimes were main factor included continuous submergence and alternately submergence (irrigation intervals of 5, 8 and 11days) and nitrogen fertilizer levels were sub factor included 0, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha. Grain yield,water use efficiency,relative water content,total nitrogen,grain nitrogen and nitrogen harvest index were statistically the same under continuous submergence and irrigation interval of 5 and 8 days and were lowest in 11- day interval.total nitrogen,grain nitrogen and nitrogen harvest index decreased with the increment of nitrogen.we concluded that 8- day interval could reduce water consumption in paddy fields in the North of Iran.

Spatial interaction of land use is one factor which drives land use change. A recent study indicates that in the fringe of Jakarta Metropolitan, the significance of land use externalities creates sprawl. This inefficient development activity leads to premature conversion of some environmentally sensitive sites in the southern fringe. A proper land use policy to protect those sites should be formulated based on precise information about the extent of land use externalities. The development of semivariogram analysis enables the formulation of this distance, which is the aim of this study. Applying the analysis for two years data, this study indicates that, in this area the furthest distance for interaction between developments is between 21-29 km, while the interaction between agricultural uses are still in effect between 29-30 km. Those results will be useful to predict the future land use change in the area.

Production performance were measured on lambs fed with feed containing grape seed flour; weight gain, feed consumption and slaughtering parameters were recorded.

24 “Gentile di Puglia” lambs were divided into four homogeneous groups as regards weight; from the age of 50 days they were fed for a further 63 days on complete feeds in pellet form. The feeds contained 0, 10, 20 or 30% grape seed flour.

The feeds containing this by-product gave productive responses comparable to, or even better than, those obtained without by-product. A content of 10% grape seed meal in the feed produced weight gains and final live weights greater (P<0.05) than those produced by the control feed (261 g/d vs. 222 g/d and 34.016 kg vs. 31.533 kg). The use of up to 20% grape seed meal gave feed conversion indexes similar to those obtained using the control feed. Slaughtering data, pH measurements, dissection data and meat chemical composition were not influenced by the type of feed.

Interesting findings were obtained from the fatty acid composition, which showed that increasing levels of inclusion of grape seed flour in the feed decreased saturated fatty acids, increased unsaturated fatty acids and improved dietary characteristics of the meat with the best indices of atherogeniticy and thrombogenicity.

3-Aminopyridine (3AP), used in manufacture of anti-inflammatory drugs and also as a plant growth regulator is one of the emergent contaminant, because of its toxic and carcinogenic potential and hazardous effect on natural environment. The objective of present study was therefore to investigate chemical treatment like the advanced oxidation technologies employing the classic Fenton and Photo-Fenton oxidation wherein effect of operating conditions like pH, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Iron salts (both ferrous and iron extracted from laterite soil) and reaction time are optimized using synthetic 3-Aminopyridine solutions. In the present study, for 3AP conc. ranging from [10-80 mg/L] under Fenton's oxidation at pH 3, optimum ratio of [H2O2]/[Fe²⁺]:: [24–40]/[1] showed upto [90-77%] removal efficiency. Studies on use of laterite iron replacing the traditional ferrous iron, also showed comparable removal efficiencies upto [82-65%] for [H₂O₂]/[laterite iron]:: [32–53]/[1]. Moreover Photo-Fenton oxidation studies showed 100% removal for conc. range (10- 30 mg/L) under both iron salts. For Fenton's oxidation, optimum reaction time of 5.0 hrs for 10-30 mg/L to 7.0 hrs for 40- 60 mg/L and finally to 8.5 hrs for 70-80 mg/L of 3AP was required. Whereas photo-Fenton reaction studies required much less reaction time equal to 1.5 hrs for 10-30 mg/L to 2.0 hrs for 40-60 mg/L and 4.0 hrs for 70-80 mg/L. Also Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was increased in case of Photo-Fenton oxidation indicating improved mineralization. Fenton and photo-Fenton methods can be considered as an effective advanced oxidation methods at ambient conditions. Also iron extracted from laterite soil can be used effectively in Fenton's reagent instead of traditional ferrous salts to treat polluted water bodies containing 3-Aminopyridine.

Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is one of the recently developed techniques for structural retrofitting that includes various kinds of fibers such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), GFRP and AFRP which are included in continuous polymer matrix. Using FRPs can increase the ratio of strength and stiffness to weight, enhance the durability at various situations and convenience in installation.

A finite element method is introduced to model unreinforced masonry (URM) walls by using software, ANSYS. The masonry walls are strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer sheets (CFRPs) and two different strengthening methods have been used with various thicknesses. The strengthened walls are affected by vertical loads and in-plane shear which can be found that the critical loads, the critical displacement, the ultimate loads, the ultimate displacements and the ductile coefficients of the masonry walls strengthened with CFRPs are improved remarkably.

The influence of dispersant, pH and various additives on stability of ZnO suspension have been studied. Water and ethylene glycol were used as dispersants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) have been adsorbed on ZnO particles. Equilibrium in the system is mostly influenced by pH. The lowest stability of suspensions of ZnO was found around isoelectric point which was confirmed by simultaneous measurement of particle size and zeta potential. The values of the zeta potential were also affected by the presence of surfactants, especially SDS and CTAB.

Humic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil. In order to the foliar application of humic acid on plant height in canola spring cultivar (RGS-003 cul.), this experiment was conducted in 2012 at Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch in Tehran by a completely randomized design with four replications. The factors studied included foliar application of humic acid (Control, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) that sprayed in three stages (stem elongation, flowering stage and silique formation stage). The results showed that foliar application of humic acid significantly affected plant height and highest this parameter was achieved under 2% foliar application of humic acid and the lowest plant height was obtained under control conditions. Also, means comparison showed that plant height under 0.5% foliar application of humic acid and 1% foliar application of humic acid were in a similar statistical group. The results showed that foliar application of humic acid decreased nitrogen application in soil, that can be the most important for the non-pollution of soil by nitrogenous fertilizers.

The project objective is to closely investigate select UAE poultry industry production issues as well as technical and marketing aspects. A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was conducted of UAE poultry farms using PDA (Portable Data Assistant) technology. Study objectives include: (1) obtaining baseline information on existing broiler and layer farm subsectors; (2) quantifying the amount of input used in the production process and the outputs obtained, and to identify some main and by-products that might have some economic value; (3) and assessment of feed-utilization produced by the feed industry. Economic characteristics of a typical poultry farm in UAE include: average broiler production at about 2,880 tons; average layer production at about 49 million eggs; and feed cost share of the average farm's operational cost estimated at 95%. This indicates the importance of expanding investment in UAE poultry sector. Efficiency of feed utilization of birds fed feeds from one company was slightly better (1.68 vs. 1.71) than birds fed feeds from the other company. Feed utilization efficiency of selected major feed producers in the UAE could meet the standards of high quality, commonly used meat-type strains. Such results are useful to the decision-maker at both the farm and policy levels.

The aim of this paper is in determination of nail bearing capacity in 4-nails joints of timber-cement boards of selected thicknesses bonded with middle solid wood (spruce) element on the base of destructive laboratory testing according to valid standards [1], [2], [3]. For the laboratory testing were selected 4-nails one-shear joints of cement-splinter boards and middle element made of solid wood.