APCBEE Procedia最新文献

This study presents the preparation of tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanoparticles by acidic precipitation using sodium tungstate as a precursor. Composite synthesis was selected among various modification methods to investigate catalytic activity improvement. WO3:polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites with different weight ratios were prepared. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results revealed the successful preparation of WO₃: PANI nanocomposites. These nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal stability compared with PANI, indicating a satisfactory interaction between WO₃ and PANI. The synthesized nanocomposites are being evaluated for their catalytic activity.

The aim of this reserch were investigate the substitution of sawdust with Vetiveria zizaniodes (L.)Nash, Sri Langka cultivar on the media in mycelia growth of Ganoderma lucidum in plastic bag. The suitable three media from eleven formulas with different weight ratio of sawdust and V. zizaniodes leaves at 100:0, 0:100 and 20:80 are selected in this research and gave the biological efficiency with 42.72, 00.00 and 40.71% respectively. This results show the opportunity for substitution of sawdust with V. zizaniodes leaves which can reduce the production cost of G. lucidum. Nutrition analysis of fruiting body of mushroom are cultivated on different type of the substrates, particularly sawdust 100:0 in plastic bag, found more protein than cultivated in sawdust 20:80 with 10.29 and 8.45 mg/100 g dry weight in G. lucidum respectively. In amount of essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid of G. lucidum cultivated sawdust 100:0 gave more amino acid than 20:80.

Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) play an important role in nutrient loss prevention and plant's uptake efficiency. This study uses a multi-diffusion model to simulate urea release from urea fertilizers coated with polyurethane-like coating (PULC). In this model, finite element method (FEM) and 2D geometry are applied for three sizes of urea granule using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Modeling results are in agreement with the experimental data for the “constant release” stage. Standard error of estimate (SEE) ranges from 0.00417 to 0.02084 in these simulations. Besides, relationship of coating thickness with release time and percent of urea released at the end of “constant release” stage has also been established.

As a result of current deglaciation, the chemical cycles of many compounds, including toxic formaldehyde and phenols, are changing. However, the processes by which these chemicals are released have yet to be studied in situ. Here, we quantify fluxes of HCHO and phenols in a glacial catchment within one summer season, obtaining a net release from the glacier of 0.106 · 10⁶ g formaldehyde and 0.255 · 10⁶ g phenols, which can be interpreted as a combined result of summer deposition and glacier ice melt. Formaldehyde flux was shown to increase by 164% on a 250 m stretch of the stream flowing through an icing (an exposed former glacier bed area), whilst phenols have shown a smaller increase of 48%. Hence, the importance of glacial forefields in chemical cycle of toxic compounds is pronounced and requires further attention.

The tetracoordinated organophosphorous compound (4 - Chlorophenyl 4 - methyl phenyl Chlorophosphate, 1) were synthesized, characterized and nucleophilic substitution reaction (pyridinolysis) were investigated in acetonitrile at 5.0^oC by varying substituents in nucleophiles. The reactivity is expressed in terms of second-order rate constant, k2 and measured conductometrically. Physical organic chemistry tools mainly Hammett (ρ), Brönsted (β) Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER) coefficients being determined in quest for the mechanistic information by comparing pyridinolysis of structurally similar organophosphorous compounds reported earlier. Nice linear correlation being found for Hammett (logk₂ vs σx) and Brönsted (logk₂ vs pK_a(x)) plots. In the light of the reported results the LFER obtained for 1 with negative value of the ρ_X, −5.78 and large positive value for β_X, 1.17 can be interpreted as S_N2 process, with greater extent of bond formation in TS of 1.

This study aimed to investigate the farm-retail price transmission for the livestock industry in Thailand employing monthly data from 2002 to 2012. Using the Engle-Granger two step approach, the study confirmed that farmgate prices were cointegrated with retail prices in the poultry and swine industry. Consequently, an asymmetric error correction model (AECM) was used to test for asymmetric price transmission between farmgate and retail prices of chicken and pork. Results show that the pork industry, which is focused on supplying domestic consumption and has heavy export restrictions, is characterized by positive asymmetric price transmission whereas the poultry industry, which is highly export-oriented, is characterized by symmetric price transmission. This suggests that the export-oriented nature of the poultry market has linked Thailand's domestic market with the international market. This has led to an increase in market competition, allowing for increases and decreases of farmgate prices to be equally transmitted to retail prices of chicken.

The callipyge locus has been localized in the telomeric region on ovine chromosome 18, within a cluster of imprinted genes. In this study were collected blood samples from 124 Lori sheep. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood sample. Gel monitoring and spectrophotometer methods were used to determination quality and quantity of DNA. FaqI enzyme was used for restricting of PCR products. Digested products were separated by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and visualized after staining with ethidium bromide on UV transillumination. The PCR product (426 bp) was digested by restriction endonucleases FaqI. The FaqI digestion of the PCR products produced digestion fragments of 395, 278, 117 and 31 bp. Data analysis was done using PopGen32 software. There was no difference between digestion patterns and all sampled animals displayed AA genotype. As such, three 278, 117 and 31 bp amplified fragments from enzyme digestion were observed for all animals, indicating that the total population of sheep was monomorphic for CLPG gene.

India is the world's leading ship recycling country which works on the principle of waste to wealth. In this paper an attempt has been made to articluate the Ecological Engineering, Industrial Ecology and Eco-Industrial Networking aspects which are embedded in beaching method of ship recycling in Alang, India. There is a need to promote such activities for sustainalbe growth, but, it is equally true that, if ship recycling is conducted haphazardly with very little scientific and technical knowledge, it will expose workers to hazardous conduitions as well as would leave disproportionately large environmental footprint behind. In this context, Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), Government of Gujarat, India has initiated many projects to defend human and environmental health. In India, already impressive positive changes can be seen as the GMB has set training and welfare institute and its efforts resulted in decrease of fatal accidents from 2.0 per 1000 workers to 0.13 per 1000 workers i.e. 93.5% decrease in the fatal accidents from the year 2003 to 2011 in the ship recycling yards. Present status of ship recycling in India is substantial. The overall trend of the industry is towards following more and more Health Safety & Environment (HSE) norms and has commitments with them. Zero accidents and near zero pollution to the surrounding environment should be the ultimate goal of beaching method of recycling in India to handle pile of end-of-life ships in environmentally sound manner - which are expected to reach ship recycling yards in near future.

Pollinators are crucial in agricultural crop production as a large variety of crops including horticultural and vegetable crops depend essentially on insect pollination. Unfortunately over the past decades, the pollinator population in the agricultural system has declined across the globe due to over use of synthetic chemical pesticides. Disruption of ecosystem service provided by pollinators due to pollinator decline in chemical intensive cropping systems has assumed a global dimension. This paper addresses how farming practices and designs affect the diversity of pollinators. In this study the relationship between pollinator density and brinjal (Solanum melongena, Fam. Solanacae) productivity was evaluated in a chemical intensive vegetable cropping system in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India (hot sub-humid to humid eco-region; Lat 22°22’ 26, N Lon 88°21’ 26 E). By comparing pollinator density and fruit set between ecological farm and chemical intensive farm, it was investigated whether pesticide application affects pollinator visitation and in such a scenario what was the impact on brinjal production. Visitation rate of pollinators (butterflies and bees) was significantly higher in ecological farm as compared to the conventional farm (Mann Whitney U test, p < 0.001).

Occupation of buildings of high importance like hospitals and shelters after earthquake is a risky yet vital task for rescue workers. This paper presents a structural health monitoring system to ensure the safety and reliability of the buildings after earth quack. It is understood that ground motion and lateral displacement due to earthquack may cause deformation and thus excessive strain and stress at the main structural elements. Therefore, the building may suddenly goes to failure, requiring a reliable yet efficient health monitoring system. An array of piezoelectric sensors is mounted at desired location to measure the deformation and stress at critical points. The voltage generated by piezoelectric sensors is sent to computer via a data acquisition system. Measuring and monitoring the trend of changing sensors voltages indicate the probability of existing damages and the rate of propagation. The performance-based seismic is reported based on the nonlinear static analysis (pushover) under the influence of the lateral loading and structural behaviour through the Sap2000® software and FEMA356. The proposed model is verified for a three-story steel structure building. The effects of the lateral displacement caused by earthquake forces on strain and sensors voltage are investigated for each main element in each floor. Increasing the strain and displacements at selected elements increases the voltage generated at piezoelectric sensors. Continuous monitoring and analysis of generated signals helps the building manager to apply warning alarm or call for evacuation of the building.