APCBEE Procedia最新文献

In the present research work, 300 meat samples (50 beef, 50 carabeef, 50 chevon, 50 mutton, 50 pork and 50 chicken) collected from the municipal slaughter houses and the retail meat shops from Hyderabad Karnataka region of Karnataka state, India, were analyzed for the microbiological quality; standard plate count and isolation and confirmation of Staphylococcus, Salmonella, E. Coli, Listeria and Clostridium by selective plating, microscopic examination and biochemical characterization. As per Food Safety and Standards (FSS) regulations 2011, of the samples analyzed, 89 (29.66%) (21 beef, 26 carabeef, 9 chevon, 7 mutton, 14 pork and 7 chicken) samples exceeded the limit of 10,000 CFU/gram of total viable count. Twenty (6.66%) samples (8 beef, 9 carabeef and 3 pork) exceeded the limit for Staphylococcus (100/gram maximum), 15 (5%) samples (9 pork, 4 chicken and 2 mutton) exceeded the limit for Salmonella (absent in 25 gram) and 22 (7.33%) samples (11 pork, 4 chicken, 4 beef and 3 carabeef) exceeded the limit for E. Coli (100/gram maximum). None of the samples were positive for Listeria and Clostridium spp. The finding in this study specifies the probable contamination during farming and on-floor slaughtering and accentuates the requirement of the upgrading the municipal slaughter houses and training of retail outlet sellers.

This study examines the strategies followed by herders to pass their stock through the lean winter period in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan determined by markets sizes and accessibility. During de-collectivization after independence, animals from collective farms were distributed to families. Support services and facilities such as animal transportation, irrigation infrastructure and fodder imports collapsed. Herders had to adjust to this new situation. The study reviews the current strategies adopted by herders in three villages that differ in access to markets and land use. Results show that big urban markets are impacting the rural areas in its vicinity to diversify cropping and feeding strategies to produce fresh milk, vegetables and fruits to meet the urban demands. To ensure regular supply of milk to urban areas the milking cows are not sent to remote pasture areas in summer and kept at higher plane of nutrition during lean winter periods.

It has been proven that proper landscape planning and designs with the sustainability concept and approach help to create a conducive and responsive environment of housing development. This paper presents a brief of conceptual view on the important aspects of landscape design on housing development in urban areas. The review is based on the theoretical framework of the relationship between landscape design in planning and designing the housing development in urban areas as well as how it acts as an added value to the sustainable residential landscape design. A review on previous researches and journals are doing in providing a theory on the importance aspect of landscape design in housing areas. It is hoped that this paper may possibly provide significant information on landscape design towards influencing the prices and values of the house. This paper also can become an indicator towards enhancing the sustainability of living environment.

Pan evaporation is an effective way to analyze the multidimensional impact of climate change on irrigation water requirement since pan evaporation measures the integrated effect of radiation, wind, temperature and humidity on the evaporation from an open-water surface. The characteristic trends of pan evaporation and related climatological factors, as developed in this paper, indicate that most of the regions of Bangladesh have undergone a significant amount of decrease in evaporation through the years. The reduction in sunshine duration as a consequent of climate change can be attributed to be the principal reason for the decrease in evaporation. The spatial distribution of seasonal variation of pan evaporation along with solar radiation and humidity was analyzed, and solar radiation seemed to have the major influence on evaporation. The study also reveals that summer and spring are the seasons of highest evaporation in most of the regions. The characteristic trend and spatial distribution of seasonal pan evaporation correlated with related climatological factors developed in this study could aid in water resources development and planning for irrigation purposes.

This research is aimed to perform seismic evaluation of an esteemed brick masonry inverted bell-shaped chedi at Phrathat Doi Suthep temple, Chiangmai, Thailand, by using the finite element analysis. The validated finite element model has been made through the full-scale ambient vibration tests (presented in the accompanied paper). First, twenty past earthquake records were selected and matching of the records to the seismic response spectrum was made for equating the local seismic conditions. Then, the matched seismic waves were used for the input of time history analyses. The results have shown that, the top of the pagoda was very sensitive to the seismic waves. It was deformed significantly, accelerations were amplified and the material was damaged by over-tensioning.

This paper deal with numerical study of the dynamic impact of axial crushing on thin-walled extrusion aluminum alloy 6061 and polystyrene foam-filled tubes square cross-section. Non-linear dynamic-impact simulation was done using finite element software's package as well on foam-filled model. Non-linear dynamic finite elements were carried out to simulate buckling and crushing phenomenon in the crushed event. Influence of fillers on the energy absorption behavior of square and thin-walled metal tube extrusion aluminum alloy 6061 estimates empty and foam-filled examined. Three main decay modes have been identified for the model is crushes, for example, diamond compound symmetry, axisymmetric concertina mode of formation and mixing times. Three different arrangement foam-filled inner tube columns has been examined and investigated.

This paper was designed to explore the influence of energy labelling toward the consumer purchasing behaviour. Based on information from a total of 117 samples, this paper finds mean correlations between consumers’ awareness, knowledge, attitude, social norm and energy efficiency labels with purchase intention. Energy labelling shows a negative correlation with green purchasing behaviour. This finding demonstrates that energy labelling was fruitless to deliver a good message in encouraging consumer buying decision. Energy labels have to be understood, trusted and valued as a tool for consumers’ decision making. It is believed that the use of energy labels alone is not considered enough to protect the environment. Thus, all the stakeholders should enhance some other factors as a complementary to the energy labelling programs.

Biotic factors such as pests and pathogens cause a substantial damage to wheat crops which leads to reduction in yield in a range from 10% to 50%. Application of fungicides and pesticides on one hand protects the crop but it also increases the crop production cost. Pathogens affect photosynthesis, respiration, translocation of water and nutrients of the crop and mostly the visual symptoms are detected too late to protect the crop. The objective of this study was to detect the plant fungal diseases by non-invasive sensor technologies and to determine the early outbreak of the disease. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse where the two wheat cultivars namely; Monopol and Kalahari were infected with three fungal diseases viz. Fusarium culmorum, Septoria tritici and Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritic. Throughout the experiment four spectral sensors were used namely, Isaria, Handyspec, Multiplex and Infrared thermal camera. The results showed that as early as 2 days after inoculation (DAI), an increase in the average canopy temperature and maximum temperature difference within the canopy (MTD) was observed. Similarly, the REIP calculated from Handyspec showed significant difference between the infested and the control plants before the visual symptoms appeared. Multiplex measured chlorophyll content which is related to the photosynthesis process allowed to detect the early symptoms in contrast to the Isaria which, does not show a significant difference between control and infected plants.

In this paper, degradation of a basic dye (methylene blue), using electrochemical oxidation is studied. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency obtained under optimum conditions of present setup was 62%. The optimum operating conditions were 2 V applied voltage, 0.01 M NaCl concentration with 14 x 4 cm² immersed electrode area. Under optimum conditions the observed EC and CE are 82.35 KWH/Kg COD and 81.5% respectively.

The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical and mineral composition of aborted goats as well as goats with normal kidding for an entire lactation (five months; rainy season under range conditions), and the effect of stage of lactation on various raw milk components. Thirty one multiparous goats of mixed-breed goats were used, 16 carried their pregnancy to term and 15 aborted about the fourth month of pregnancy. Percentage of milk fat fluctuated greatly (P<0.01) throughout lactation with no differences between aborted and non-aborted goats (5.0 vs. 4.8 g/100 g). Percentage protein was higher (P<0.05) in aborted goats compared to non-aborted goats (4.7 vs. 4.5 g/100 g). During the early stage of lactation, milk contained higher (P<0.01) lactose levels which then decreased gradually towards the end of lactation. No difference in this milk component was detected between groups of goats (4.6 vs. 4.5 g/100 g). Both magnesium and manganese in goat milk were higher in aborted than non-aborted goats. It was concluded that some milk components are increased in milk from goats whose lactation initiate with abortion, compared with milk from goats whose lactation derive from normal kidding.