APCBEE Procedia最新文献

Paddy rice samples (Oryza sativa) were germinated to prepare germinated brown rice flours. Their functional properties and amylase activity were measured. Germinated samples had higher water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density than those from ungerminated flours. Germinated rice flour had a least gelation concentration higher than the control flour. In addition, germination significantly changed the pasting properties of rice flour and increased the amylase activity. This study indicated that germination affected the functional properties of brown rice flour. It would be likely to design new food products using germinated brown rice flour.

The beam analysis, based on the assumptions of the Bernoulli-Euler theory, in free vibration has been largely investigated. Many researches focused on the transverse vibrations study, under the application of different boundary constraints where different theories were applied. The considered stiffness and mass matrices are those obtained by assembling the elementary ones resulting from the FEM use The Jacobi method allowed the solution of the eigenvalue problem. These well known concepts were applied to the study of beams with constant geometrical and mechanical characteristics having one to two overhangs with variable lengths. Murphy studied, by an algebraic solving approach, a simply supported beam with two overhangs of arbitrary length, which allows an experimental determination of the E elastic modulus.

The advantage of our paper offers a possibility of extending this approach to many interesting problems formed by beams vibrating transversally with various ends restraints.

Rose apples (Syzygium agueum Alston) cv. Tabtim Chan are economically important fruit for Thailand. However, because the peel of the rose apple is thin, the fruit deteriorates quickly and water retention is low. This study investigated the effect of chitosan treatment on the quality of rose apples cv. Tabtim Chan stored at an ambient temperature of 30 °C. The results demonstrated that at day 5 of storage, the fruit coated with 2% chitosan had a weight loss of 12.82% and a disease incidence of 14% which were significantly less than those of the control (22.12%, 24% respectively). Fruit firmness of the rose apples treated with 2% chitosan was significantly higher than that of the control (5.92 kg/cm² and 4.12 kg/cm² respectively). In conclusion, treating the rose apples with 2% chitosan reduces weight loss, disease incidence and maintains the fruit firmness of rose apples cv. Tabtim Chan compared with those which were untreated.

The research area was localized in the Indonesian Archipelago, at the latitude of eight and nine degrees S on the one of the Lesser Sunda group island provinces, Bali (563,3 km²). Two massive calderas (Mount Batur 1717 m above sea level.; Mount Sangiyang 2093 m above sea level) are one of the most prominent landforms in the chain of volcanic mountain ranges of the Bali Island. Lake Batur (17,18 km²) and Batur Spring (which are part of the freshwater lake system of Mt. Batur caldera) and also Danau Bratan Lake (one of the unconnected lakes next to the Mt. Sangiyang caldera), were selected for studies on the pollutants concentration levels in this volcanic area located in tropical climate. The research was aimed at determining the concentration of pollutants of natural (volcanic) and anthropogenic origin occurring in both lakes. The following parameters were determined: anions, metals, pH and conductivity. Based on the obtained dataset of initial studies it can be stated that the localization of aquatic ecosystems has the significant impact on the chemical composition of surface water.

A study was undertaken to compare the grazing system and stall feeding system in goats in Gulbarga district, Karnataka state. Twenty Osmanabadi goats were divided into two groups; stall feeding group and grazing group each containing 10 goats. The overall weight gain was significantly higher in stall fed group (7.90 ±0.12 kg) compared to grazing group (5.30 ±0.55 kg). Blood parameters (average Hb (g/dl), PCV (%) and RBC (10⁶/cmm) count) were higher in stall feeding group (9.16±0.68, 25.09±0.43 and 10.75±0.37 respectively) compared to grazing group (8.64±0.52, 22.97±0.16 and 8.97±0.42 respectively). Upon DLC analysis, different leukocytes were in the normal range in the stall fed group compared to the grazing group. On the 1^st day deworming was done for all the goats. At the end of the study, no Strongyle eggs were observed in both the groups. However, coccidial oocysts were found in three goats in grazing group. After three months of experimental period for 10 goats the profit was calculated to be $ 464.4 ($ 96.84 more) in stall fed group as compared to $ 367.56 in grazing group. Therefore goats grow healthier, gain better body weight, and are more healthy and farmers gain more profit in stall feeding system of goat rearing compared to grazing system.

India is the world's leading ship recycling country which works on the principle of waste to wealth. In this paper an attempt has been made to articluate the Ecological Engineering, Industrial Ecology and Eco-Industrial Networking aspects which are embedded in beaching method of ship recycling in Alang, India. There is a need to promote such activities for sustainalbe growth, but, it is equally true that, if ship recycling is conducted haphazardly with very little scientific and technical knowledge, it will expose workers to hazardous conduitions as well as would leave disproportionately large environmental footprint behind. In this context, Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), Government of Gujarat, India has initiated many projects to defend human and environmental health. In India, already impressive positive changes can be seen as the GMB has set training and welfare institute and its efforts resulted in decrease of fatal accidents from 2.0 per 1000 workers to 0.13 per 1000 workers i.e. 93.5% decrease in the fatal accidents from the year 2003 to 2011 in the ship recycling yards. Present status of ship recycling in India is substantial. The overall trend of the industry is towards following more and more Health Safety & Environment (HSE) norms and has commitments with them. Zero accidents and near zero pollution to the surrounding environment should be the ultimate goal of beaching method of recycling in India to handle pile of end-of-life ships in environmentally sound manner - which are expected to reach ship recycling yards in near future.

The callipyge locus has been localized in the telomeric region on ovine chromosome 18, within a cluster of imprinted genes. In this study were collected blood samples from 124 Lori sheep. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood sample. Gel monitoring and spectrophotometer methods were used to determination quality and quantity of DNA. FaqI enzyme was used for restricting of PCR products. Digested products were separated by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and visualized after staining with ethidium bromide on UV transillumination. The PCR product (426 bp) was digested by restriction endonucleases FaqI. The FaqI digestion of the PCR products produced digestion fragments of 395, 278, 117 and 31 bp. Data analysis was done using PopGen32 software. There was no difference between digestion patterns and all sampled animals displayed AA genotype. As such, three 278, 117 and 31 bp amplified fragments from enzyme digestion were observed for all animals, indicating that the total population of sheep was monomorphic for CLPG gene.

The tetracoordinated organophosphorous compound (4 - Chlorophenyl 4 - methyl phenyl Chlorophosphate, 1) were synthesized, characterized and nucleophilic substitution reaction (pyridinolysis) were investigated in acetonitrile at 5.0^oC by varying substituents in nucleophiles. The reactivity is expressed in terms of second-order rate constant, k2 and measured conductometrically. Physical organic chemistry tools mainly Hammett (ρ), Brönsted (β) Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER) coefficients being determined in quest for the mechanistic information by comparing pyridinolysis of structurally similar organophosphorous compounds reported earlier. Nice linear correlation being found for Hammett (logk₂ vs σx) and Brönsted (logk₂ vs pK_a(x)) plots. In the light of the reported results the LFER obtained for 1 with negative value of the ρ_X, −5.78 and large positive value for β_X, 1.17 can be interpreted as S_N2 process, with greater extent of bond formation in TS of 1.

As a result of current deglaciation, the chemical cycles of many compounds, including toxic formaldehyde and phenols, are changing. However, the processes by which these chemicals are released have yet to be studied in situ. Here, we quantify fluxes of HCHO and phenols in a glacial catchment within one summer season, obtaining a net release from the glacier of 0.106 · 10⁶ g formaldehyde and 0.255 · 10⁶ g phenols, which can be interpreted as a combined result of summer deposition and glacier ice melt. Formaldehyde flux was shown to increase by 164% on a 250 m stretch of the stream flowing through an icing (an exposed former glacier bed area), whilst phenols have shown a smaller increase of 48%. Hence, the importance of glacial forefields in chemical cycle of toxic compounds is pronounced and requires further attention.

Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) play an important role in nutrient loss prevention and plant's uptake efficiency. This study uses a multi-diffusion model to simulate urea release from urea fertilizers coated with polyurethane-like coating (PULC). In this model, finite element method (FEM) and 2D geometry are applied for three sizes of urea granule using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Modeling results are in agreement with the experimental data for the “constant release” stage. Standard error of estimate (SEE) ranges from 0.00417 to 0.02084 in these simulations. Besides, relationship of coating thickness with release time and percent of urea released at the end of “constant release” stage has also been established.