This study aimed to evaluate the biomass growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) under partially controlled conditions during a 70-day test using a mixture of municipal wastewater and water from a shaft as a source of nutrients. The water hyacinth in a moderately continental climatic condition at a latitude of 43oN can achieve productivity of an average of 18.25 kg/m2 in partially controlled conditions, whereas under natural conditions and under conditions of controlled harvesting, larger amounts of biomass can be obtained. Considering the large amounts of biomass of over 1.5 t/ha per day, i.e. over 180 t/ha per year, produced, water hyacinth can be successfully used in wastewater treatment plants with very favorable economic effects if the biomass generated is used for energy production, as a nutrient or food, and for many other needs. The following models were used to model the dynamics of water hyacinth biomass growth: the exponential model (average MSE 0.3117, average R2 to 0.9793), second-order polynomial model (average MSE 0.0952, average R2 0.9937) and logistic model (average MSE 0.0508, average R2 0.9966). All models have high accuracy; however, the exponential model and the second-order polynomial model give a continuous increase in biomass over time, practically to infinity, without taking into account that under conditions of increased plant density and reduced availability of resources, biomass growth slows down, and therefore, they are not suitable for application in real conditions. The logistic model (average environmental capacity 18.25 kg/m2, average growth rate 0.0571 g/g?day after about 150 days) adequately describes the growth of water hyacinth biomass with high accuracy, which enables the monitoring and control of the process operation and the achievement of the required quality of the treated wastewater.
{"title":"Modeling water hyacinth growth dynamics","authors":"D. Milićević","doi":"10.2298/abs230222014m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230222014m","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the biomass growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) under partially controlled conditions during a 70-day test using a mixture of municipal wastewater and water from a shaft as a source of nutrients. The water hyacinth in a moderately continental climatic condition at a latitude of 43oN can achieve productivity of an average of 18.25 kg/m2 in partially controlled conditions, whereas under natural conditions and under conditions of controlled harvesting, larger amounts of biomass can be obtained. Considering the large amounts of biomass of over 1.5 t/ha per day, i.e. over 180 t/ha per year, produced, water hyacinth can be successfully used in wastewater treatment plants with very favorable economic effects if the biomass generated is used for energy production, as a nutrient or food, and for many other needs. The following models were used to model the dynamics of water hyacinth biomass growth: the exponential model (average MSE 0.3117, average R2 to 0.9793), second-order polynomial model (average MSE 0.0952, average R2 0.9937) and logistic model (average MSE 0.0508, average R2 0.9966). All models have high accuracy; however, the exponential model and the second-order polynomial model give a continuous increase in biomass over time, practically to infinity, without taking into account that under conditions of increased plant density and reduced availability of resources, biomass growth slows down, and therefore, they are not suitable for application in real conditions. The logistic model (average environmental capacity 18.25 kg/m2, average growth rate 0.0571 g/g?day after about 150 days) adequately describes the growth of water hyacinth biomass with high accuracy, which enables the monitoring and control of the process operation and the achievement of the required quality of the treated wastewater.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gwang-ic Son, Eunil Lee, Mari Kim, Seoeun Lee, Yesol Moon, Joonhee Kim
Human cells are continuously exposed to various stress factors in their physiological environment. Evidence suggests that certain mechanical stress can affect cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, the signaling pathways involved in this process are not well understood. To investigate this, we developed a pressure chamber capable of producing an elevated barometric pressure (EBP) environment of 2?atmospheric absolute pressure (ATA). We then studied the effect of EBP on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that EBP inhibited cell proliferation by delaying the G2/M phase. Specifically, EBP reduced the expression levels of cell adhesion-related genes and downregulated integrin subunit genes, resulting in weaker interaction between cells and extracellular matrix proteins. In addition, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) activity was suppressed, and actin assembly was decreased. These findings suggest that the EBP-mediated G2/M phase delay is due to attenuated cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton assembly, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Our results provide a crucial molecular mechanism for how certain pressure (changes) can negatively regulate cell proliferation. These findings could potentially be used in the future to develop a pressure therapy to inhibit cell proliferation in cancer patients.
{"title":"Elevated barometric pressure suppresses cell proliferation by delaying the G2/M phase and weakening integrin-mediated cell adhesion and actin assembly","authors":"Gwang-ic Son, Eunil Lee, Mari Kim, Seoeun Lee, Yesol Moon, Joonhee Kim","doi":"10.2298/abs230313019s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230313019s","url":null,"abstract":"Human cells are continuously exposed to various stress factors in their physiological environment. Evidence suggests that certain mechanical stress can affect cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, the signaling pathways involved in this process are not well understood. To investigate this, we developed a pressure chamber capable of producing an elevated barometric pressure (EBP) environment of 2?atmospheric absolute pressure (ATA). We then studied the effect of EBP on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that EBP inhibited cell proliferation by delaying the G2/M phase. Specifically, EBP reduced the expression levels of cell adhesion-related genes and downregulated integrin subunit genes, resulting in weaker interaction between cells and extracellular matrix proteins. In addition, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) activity was suppressed, and actin assembly was decreased. These findings suggest that the EBP-mediated G2/M phase delay is due to attenuated cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton assembly, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Our results provide a crucial molecular mechanism for how certain pressure (changes) can negatively regulate cell proliferation. These findings could potentially be used in the future to develop a pressure therapy to inhibit cell proliferation in cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikola Kokanov, S. Jovanovic-Cupic, M. Siljic, V. Ćirković, N. Petrović, Bojana Kožik, Milena Krajnovic
Variations in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core sequence have been related to disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. Previously we showed that the methylation status of RASSF1A and p16 genes, and IL28B genotypes affects the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) therapy. Herein we investigated whether amino acid (aa) substitutions in the HCV core region alone or in combination with IL28B genotypes and RASSF1A/p16 methylation affect the response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy and liver disease progression. Among 29 examined patients, we found no association between single aa substitutions and response to therapy. However, we observed that patients with the HCV core aa substitution at position 75 and CT/TT IL28B genotypes were nonresponders (NR), (P=0.023). Moreover, these patients had unmethylated RASSF1A. In contrast, most patients (75%) with aa substitutions at position 91 and CC IL28B genotype achieved sustained virologic response (SVR), (P=0.030), and 70% of them had methylated RASSF1A gene. Our results suggest that combined analysis of aa substitutions in the core protein, the IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism, and the methylation status of the RASSF1A gene may help in predicting treatment response to PEG-IFN/RBV in genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C patients.
{"title":"Variability of the HCV core region and host genetic and epigenetic factors can predict the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy in genotype 1B hepatitis C patients from Serbia","authors":"Nikola Kokanov, S. Jovanovic-Cupic, M. Siljic, V. Ćirković, N. Petrović, Bojana Kožik, Milena Krajnovic","doi":"10.2298/abs230316020k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230316020k","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core sequence have been related to disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. Previously we showed that the methylation status of RASSF1A and p16 genes, and IL28B genotypes affects the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) therapy. Herein we investigated whether amino acid (aa) substitutions in the HCV core region alone or in combination with IL28B genotypes and RASSF1A/p16 methylation affect the response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy and liver disease progression. Among 29 examined patients, we found no association between single aa substitutions and response to therapy. However, we observed that patients with the HCV core aa substitution at position 75 and CT/TT IL28B genotypes were nonresponders (NR), (P=0.023). Moreover, these patients had unmethylated RASSF1A. In contrast, most patients (75%) with aa substitutions at position 91 and CC IL28B genotype achieved sustained virologic response (SVR), (P=0.030), and 70% of them had methylated RASSF1A gene. Our results suggest that combined analysis of aa substitutions in the core protein, the IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism, and the methylation status of the RASSF1A gene may help in predicting treatment response to PEG-IFN/RBV in genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C patients.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68391043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at assessing water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) biomass growth, which was tested at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Nis under partially controlled conditions during a 70-day-long test, with a mixture of communal wastewater and water from the shaft at the hydraulic engineering demonstration facility as a source of nutrient matter. The biomass measured after the 70-day experiment ranged from 4.31 to 4.71 kg WW/m2 (average 4.48 kg WW/m2). The daily absolute growth rate (AGR) was 58.81 g/m2 day, the daily increase rate (DIR) was 16.16 %/day, the average daily relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.0359 g/g day, and the biomass doubling time (DT) was 32.94 days. The following models were used to model the dynamics of water lettuce biomass growth: the exponential model (average MSE 0.0485, average coefficient of determination (R2) to 0.9757); the logistic model (mean squared error (MSE) 0.0049, R2 0.9976), and the sigmoidal model (average MSE 0.0003, average R2 0.9999). All models have a high accuracy; however, the exponential models give a continuous increase in biomass over time, practically to infinity, without taking into account that under conditions of increased plant density and reduced availability of resources, biomass growth slows down and, therefore, they are not suitable for application in real conditions. The logistic model (environmental capacity 6.1680 kg/m2 after about 150 days, ti 53.8587 days, ta 32.8295 days, tb 74.8879), and sigmoidal model (environmental capacity 5.2903 kg/m2 after about 150 days, ti 50.2972 days, ta 34.3072 days, tb 66.2872 days) adequately describe the biomass growth of the growth phase of water lettuce with high precision, which is essential for planning appropriate preventive and active measures to control the spread of water lettuce as an invasive plant and minimize negative impacts on waterbodies in Serbia.
{"title":"Modeling the growth dynamics of water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. in wastewater","authors":"Dragan Milicevic","doi":"10.2298/abs230607031m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230607031m","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at assessing water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) biomass growth, which was tested at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Nis under partially controlled conditions during a 70-day-long test, with a mixture of communal wastewater and water from the shaft at the hydraulic engineering demonstration facility as a source of nutrient matter. The biomass measured after the 70-day experiment ranged from 4.31 to 4.71 kg WW/m2 (average 4.48 kg WW/m2). The daily absolute growth rate (AGR) was 58.81 g/m2 day, the daily increase rate (DIR) was 16.16 %/day, the average daily relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.0359 g/g day, and the biomass doubling time (DT) was 32.94 days. The following models were used to model the dynamics of water lettuce biomass growth: the exponential model (average MSE 0.0485, average coefficient of determination (R2) to 0.9757); the logistic model (mean squared error (MSE) 0.0049, R2 0.9976), and the sigmoidal model (average MSE 0.0003, average R2 0.9999). All models have a high accuracy; however, the exponential models give a continuous increase in biomass over time, practically to infinity, without taking into account that under conditions of increased plant density and reduced availability of resources, biomass growth slows down and, therefore, they are not suitable for application in real conditions. The logistic model (environmental capacity 6.1680 kg/m2 after about 150 days, ti 53.8587 days, ta 32.8295 days, tb 74.8879), and sigmoidal model (environmental capacity 5.2903 kg/m2 after about 150 days, ti 50.2972 days, ta 34.3072 days, tb 66.2872 days) adequately describe the biomass growth of the growth phase of water lettuce with high precision, which is essential for planning appropriate preventive and active measures to control the spread of water lettuce as an invasive plant and minimize negative impacts on waterbodies in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to determine the biodiversity and densities of Trichoptera larvae at stations in the Kastamonu (Cide)-Sinop (Ayanc?k) coastal region. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from each of the 19 stations using the kick-net sampling method with a D-frame net (500-?m mesh). Using the data from collected Trichoptera larvae, the similarity, diversity, dominance and population density relationships among habitats were measured. According to the calculated Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity index results, the station with the highest Trichoptera diversity was determined at S2, and the station with the least diversity was S14. Similar results were obtained for the calculated population density values. Station S2 was the most balanced station in population density. Thus, biodiversity was directly related to habitat structure, anthropogenic impact and geographical conditions, and environmental factors suppress biological species diversity. It was concluded that species diversity is greater in undestroyed habitats and less in heavily destroyed habitats. In addition, the species that dominate in biodiversity similarity rates prefer their habitat.
{"title":"Investigation of the biological diversity of Trichoptera larvae in the streams of the Kastamonu (Cide)-Sinop (Ayancık) coastal region of Türkiye","authors":"Yasemin Özalp, İbrahim Küçükbasmacı","doi":"10.2298/abs230119007o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230119007o","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the biodiversity and densities of Trichoptera larvae at stations in the Kastamonu (Cide)-Sinop (Ayanc?k) coastal region. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from each of the 19 stations using the kick-net sampling method with a D-frame net (500-?m mesh). Using the data from collected Trichoptera larvae, the similarity, diversity, dominance and population density relationships among habitats were measured. According to the calculated Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity index results, the station with the highest Trichoptera diversity was determined at S2, and the station with the least diversity was S14. Similar results were obtained for the calculated population density values. Station S2 was the most balanced station in population density. Thus, biodiversity was directly related to habitat structure, anthropogenic impact and geographical conditions, and environmental factors suppress biological species diversity. It was concluded that species diversity is greater in undestroyed habitats and less in heavily destroyed habitats. In addition, the species that dominate in biodiversity similarity rates prefer their habitat.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When used in ethnomedicine, Dracocephalum moldavica L. (DML) and its bioactive extract protect against several diseases caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of DML on intestinal inflammation in hypertension has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on the effects of DML extract on intestinal inflammation in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with daily intragastric administration of either saline (control group and model group) or DML extract (treatment group, 50 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. In the model and treatment groups, 2K1C hypertension was induced by clipping the left renal artery. The profiles of stool microbiota, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the integrity of the gut barrier, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors were analyzed in rats supplemented with or without DML extract. This study revealed the alleviation of high blood pressure in 2K1C rats treated with DML extract. The DML extract attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis in the 2K1C rats by increasing the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and by decreasing the abundance of Papillibacter, Desulfovibrio and Anaerobiospirillum genera. Treatment with the DML extract increased the levels of SCFAs and repaired the intestinal barrier, it reduced the release of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors and suppressed the expression of TLR4 and NF-?B mRNAs. We conclude that the DML extract may alleviate intestinal inflammation by adjusting the profile of gut microbiota and enhancing the intestinal barrier.
{"title":"Dracocephalum moldavica L. Extract ameliorates intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier in 2k1c rats","authors":"Hui Yu, Zhang Chen, Huixia Chen, Zhanli Wang","doi":"10.2298/abs230307013y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230307013y","url":null,"abstract":"When used in ethnomedicine, Dracocephalum moldavica L. (DML) and its bioactive extract protect against several diseases caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of DML on intestinal inflammation in hypertension has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on the effects of DML extract on intestinal inflammation in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with daily intragastric administration of either saline (control group and model group) or DML extract (treatment group, 50 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. In the model and treatment groups, 2K1C hypertension was induced by clipping the left renal artery. The profiles of stool microbiota, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the integrity of the gut barrier, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors were analyzed in rats supplemented with or without DML extract. This study revealed the alleviation of high blood pressure in 2K1C rats treated with DML extract. The DML extract attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis in the 2K1C rats by increasing the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and by decreasing the abundance of Papillibacter, Desulfovibrio and Anaerobiospirillum genera. Treatment with the DML extract increased the levels of SCFAs and repaired the intestinal barrier, it reduced the release of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors and suppressed the expression of TLR4 and NF-?B mRNAs. We conclude that the DML extract may alleviate intestinal inflammation by adjusting the profile of gut microbiota and enhancing the intestinal barrier.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines zooplankton assemblage structure and density from five hypereutrophic urban shallow lakes between cool and hot periods in 2018-2019. We analyzed the variation of zooplankton and their relationship with environmental factors. Samples of zooplankton were collected from shallow lakes in different regions of Thailand. Four groups of zooplankton were identified, of which Rotifera was the most abundant group, followed by Copepoda, Protozoa, and Cladocera. Zooplankton assemblages were influenced by seasons, as indicated by multidimensional scaling analysis. The number of species and density of zooplankton were lower during the cool period than during the hot period. The increased density of zooplankton in the hot period may have been due to increased phytoplankton density as food sources. Pearson?s correlation coefficient revealed that Rotifera and Copepoda positively correlated with the temperature and pH, and Rotifera was negatively correlated with total phosphorus; a negative correlation was also observed between Protozoa and dissolved oxygen. The microcystin content tended to have a negative impact on specific small species such as Protozoa (Coleps sp.). Information from this research is important for further study involving factors affecting the size structure of zooplankton communities, especially large-bodied species in tropical regions.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of zooplankton assemblages and their responses to water chemistry and microcystin content in shallow lakes in Thailand","authors":"R. Prasertphon, R. Chaichana, P. Jitchum","doi":"10.2298/abs230618029p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230618029p","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines zooplankton assemblage structure and density from five hypereutrophic urban shallow lakes between cool and hot periods in 2018-2019. We analyzed the variation of zooplankton and their relationship with environmental factors. Samples of zooplankton were collected from shallow lakes in different regions of Thailand. Four groups of zooplankton were identified, of which Rotifera was the most abundant group, followed by Copepoda, Protozoa, and Cladocera. Zooplankton assemblages were influenced by seasons, as indicated by multidimensional scaling analysis. The number of species and density of zooplankton were lower during the cool period than during the hot period. The increased density of zooplankton in the hot period may have been due to increased phytoplankton density as food sources. Pearson?s correlation coefficient revealed that Rotifera and Copepoda positively correlated with the temperature and pH, and Rotifera was negatively correlated with total phosphorus; a negative correlation was also observed between Protozoa and dissolved oxygen. The microcystin content tended to have a negative impact on specific small species such as Protozoa (Coleps sp.). Information from this research is important for further study involving factors affecting the size structure of zooplankton communities, especially large-bodied species in tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan Imran, Zaman Khan, Fiza Saleem, Sidra Gull, A. Tahir
The present study analyzed 361 non-duplicated wound swab samples from 187 males and 174 females, ranging in age from 0 to 100 years with a mean age of 37.1?1.9 years, and to determine the prevalence of bacterial wound infections and the diversity of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to detect the presence of unique/rare resistance types. Of these, 53.46% (193) were found to have wound infections. Most of the infected patients fell in the age group II (21-40 years). A total of 14 bacterial species were identified, with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Linezolid and vancomycin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolated Gram-positive bacteria, while most Gramnegative bacteria were sensitive against colistin and polymyxin-B. Based on antibiotic resistance, 129 types of resistance were detected. Multi-resistance was detected in 157 (81.3%) bacterial strains, while 162 strains had a multi-antibiotic resistance index (MAR) of 0.2. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices indicated high bacterial diversity in the wound samples. The study provides valuable insight into the prevalence of bacterial infections in wounds and that antibiotic resistance patterns can be useful in guiding the development of effective treatment strategies.
{"title":"The growing threat of antibiotic resistance in wound infections: Evidence from tertiary care in Pakistan","authors":"Hassan Imran, Zaman Khan, Fiza Saleem, Sidra Gull, A. Tahir","doi":"10.2298/abs230313021i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230313021i","url":null,"abstract":"The present study analyzed 361 non-duplicated wound swab samples from 187 males and 174 females, ranging in age from 0 to 100 years with a mean age of 37.1?1.9 years, and to determine the prevalence of bacterial wound infections and the diversity of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to detect the presence of unique/rare resistance types. Of these, 53.46% (193) were found to have wound infections. Most of the infected patients fell in the age group II (21-40 years). A total of 14 bacterial species were identified, with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Linezolid and vancomycin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolated Gram-positive bacteria, while most Gramnegative bacteria were sensitive against colistin and polymyxin-B. Based on antibiotic resistance, 129 types of resistance were detected. Multi-resistance was detected in 157 (81.3%) bacterial strains, while 162 strains had a multi-antibiotic resistance index (MAR) of 0.2. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices indicated high bacterial diversity in the wound samples. The study provides valuable insight into the prevalence of bacterial infections in wounds and that antibiotic resistance patterns can be useful in guiding the development of effective treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bouchra Oguiba, N. Karkachi, F. Suárez-Estrella, Sadika Haouhach, M. Kihal, María J. López
Ascochyta blight is a major biotic constraint of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production and productivity worldwide caused by Ascochyta fabae. No studies have been performed in Algeria to identify A. fabae isolates or to assess their pathogenicity, and therefore information on local isolates is insufficient. Herein, 14 isolates of A. fabae were obtained from faba bean samples and identified based on morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. All generated sequences have been deposited in GenBank and assigned accession numbers. Pathogenicity tests on faba bean plants revealed that all isolates produced necrotic lesions on aerial parts with variable intensity, classifying them as weakly, moderately, and highly aggressive. The in vitro antifungal activity of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains against A. fabae isolates showed that Bacillus siamensis B8 and Bacillus mojavensis B31 had the highest suppressive potential against all isolates. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the aggressiveness of A. fabae isolates and their susceptibility to biocontrol strains. This is the first report on the identification, pathogenicity and in vitro biological control of A. fabae isolates in Algeria. B8 and B31 could be further developed as promising biocontrol agents for the control of the ascochyta blight of faba bean.
{"title":"Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.): Phenotypic and molecular characterization, pathogenicity and in vitro biological control by Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.","authors":"Bouchra Oguiba, N. Karkachi, F. Suárez-Estrella, Sadika Haouhach, M. Kihal, María J. López","doi":"10.2298/abs230203009o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230203009o","url":null,"abstract":"Ascochyta blight is a major biotic constraint of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production and productivity worldwide caused by Ascochyta fabae. No studies have been performed in Algeria to identify A. fabae isolates or to assess their pathogenicity, and therefore information on local isolates is insufficient. Herein, 14 isolates of A. fabae were obtained from faba bean samples and identified based on morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. All generated sequences have been deposited in GenBank and assigned accession numbers. Pathogenicity tests on faba bean plants revealed that all isolates produced necrotic lesions on aerial parts with variable intensity, classifying them as weakly, moderately, and highly aggressive. The in vitro antifungal activity of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains against A. fabae isolates showed that Bacillus siamensis B8 and Bacillus mojavensis B31 had the highest suppressive potential against all isolates. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the aggressiveness of A. fabae isolates and their susceptibility to biocontrol strains. This is the first report on the identification, pathogenicity and in vitro biological control of A. fabae isolates in Algeria. B8 and B31 could be further developed as promising biocontrol agents for the control of the ascochyta blight of faba bean.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Trbojevic-Stankovic, V. Matovic, B. Jeftic, D. Nešić, J. Odovic, Iva Perović-Blagojević, N. Topalović, L. Matija
Hemodialysis (HD) removes nitrogenous waste products from patients? blood through a semipermeable membrane along a concentration gradient. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an underexplored method of monitoring the concentrations of several molecules that reflect the efficacy of the HD process in dialysate samples. In this study, we aimed to evaluate NIRS as a technique for the non-invasive detection of uremic solutes by assessing the correlations between the spectrum of the spent dialysate and the serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Blood and dialysate samples were taken from 35 patients on maintenance HD. The absorption spectrum of each dialysate sample was measured three times in the wavelength range of 700-1700 nm, resulting in a dataset with 315 spectra. The artificial neural network (ANN) learning technique was used to assess the correlations between the recorded NIR-absorbance spectra of the spent dialysate and serum levels of selected uremic toxins. Very good correlations between the NIR-absorbance spectra of the spent dialysate fluid with serum urea (R=0.91) and uric acid (R=0.91) and an excellent correlation with serum creatinine (R=0.97) were obtained. These results support the application of NIRS as a non-invasive, safe, accurate, and repetitive technique for online monitoring of uremic toxins to assist clinicians in assessing HD efficiency and individualization of HD treatments.
{"title":"Employing machine learning to assess the accuracy of nearinfrared spectroscopy of spent dialysate fluid in monitoring the blood concentrations of uremic toxins","authors":"J. Trbojevic-Stankovic, V. Matovic, B. Jeftic, D. Nešić, J. Odovic, Iva Perović-Blagojević, N. Topalović, L. Matija","doi":"10.2298/abs230502025t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/abs230502025t","url":null,"abstract":"Hemodialysis (HD) removes nitrogenous waste products from patients? blood through a semipermeable membrane along a concentration gradient. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an underexplored method of monitoring the concentrations of several molecules that reflect the efficacy of the HD process in dialysate samples. In this study, we aimed to evaluate NIRS as a technique for the non-invasive detection of uremic solutes by assessing the correlations between the spectrum of the spent dialysate and the serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Blood and dialysate samples were taken from 35 patients on maintenance HD. The absorption spectrum of each dialysate sample was measured three times in the wavelength range of 700-1700 nm, resulting in a dataset with 315 spectra. The artificial neural network (ANN) learning technique was used to assess the correlations between the recorded NIR-absorbance spectra of the spent dialysate and serum levels of selected uremic toxins. Very good correlations between the NIR-absorbance spectra of the spent dialysate fluid with serum urea (R=0.91) and uric acid (R=0.91) and an excellent correlation with serum creatinine (R=0.97) were obtained. These results support the application of NIRS as a non-invasive, safe, accurate, and repetitive technique for online monitoring of uremic toxins to assist clinicians in assessing HD efficiency and individualization of HD treatments.","PeriodicalId":8145,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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