Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2210071
Yuanxi Ma, Yan Shen, Xiaoping Zhou, Yatuan Ma, Q. Xue
ABSTRACT Continuous cropping often leads to plant diseases caused by root-knot nematodes (RKN). Owing to the difficulty in laboratory culture of RKN, microbial biocontrol agents are mainly screened for through contact killing assay, which requires a substantial effort to acquire RKN. This study was undertaken to verify the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans – a model nematode that can be easily grown in the laboratory – to screen for microbial antagonists against RKN. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Houpi Maofen 802) plants were grown in pots containing RKN-infested soil with and without inoculation of an antagonistic actinobacterial strain, designated Streptomyces albidoflavus T4. Exposure to T4 culture filtrate that contained catecholate siderophore and indole acetic acid resulted in a mortality rate of 95.4% for C. elegans and increased seed vigor by 113% for tomato. While root rotting rate and RKN incidence decreased following T4 inoculation, plant survival rate and stem diameter increased correspondingly. The root-associated microbiota of inoculated plants were optimized, as indicated by increased proportions of potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and decreased proportions of pathogenic fungi (e.g. Fusarium oxysporum). The results demonstrate the outstanding performance of S. albidoflavus T4 to control root-knot disease and benefit tomato plant growth through multifaceted mechanisms.
{"title":"An antagonist of Caenorhabditis elegans controls root-knot disease and promotes tomato plant growth","authors":"Yuanxi Ma, Yan Shen, Xiaoping Zhou, Yatuan Ma, Q. Xue","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2210071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2210071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Continuous cropping often leads to plant diseases caused by root-knot nematodes (RKN). Owing to the difficulty in laboratory culture of RKN, microbial biocontrol agents are mainly screened for through contact killing assay, which requires a substantial effort to acquire RKN. This study was undertaken to verify the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans – a model nematode that can be easily grown in the laboratory – to screen for microbial antagonists against RKN. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Houpi Maofen 802) plants were grown in pots containing RKN-infested soil with and without inoculation of an antagonistic actinobacterial strain, designated Streptomyces albidoflavus T4. Exposure to T4 culture filtrate that contained catecholate siderophore and indole acetic acid resulted in a mortality rate of 95.4% for C. elegans and increased seed vigor by 113% for tomato. While root rotting rate and RKN incidence decreased following T4 inoculation, plant survival rate and stem diameter increased correspondingly. The root-associated microbiota of inoculated plants were optimized, as indicated by increased proportions of potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and decreased proportions of pathogenic fungi (e.g. Fusarium oxysporum). The results demonstrate the outstanding performance of S. albidoflavus T4 to control root-knot disease and benefit tomato plant growth through multifaceted mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3154 - 3166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2205135
Jinping Wang, R. Huang, Jian-Min Zhao, Jihong Yuan, Guo-Min Huang, Rong-Xiu Xie, Liang Hu, Yue Xie, Geoff Wang
ABSTRACT Rhizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are vital for the growth of navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). However, the molecular diversity of AMF communities associated with navel oranges in the field is largely unknown. This study employed Illumina MiSeq sequencing to reveal the effects of cultivars and habitats on the rhizospheric AMF community. The results showed Glomus and Glomus_sp as the dominant genus (97.0%) and species (22.9%), respectively. The effects of cultivars were higher on rhizospheric AMF diversities and lower on AMF community compositions, when compared with those of habitats. No significant differences in the AMF community diversity and richness were observed between cultivars, whereas the rhizospheric AMF community compositions significantly varied between habitats. The AMF diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) was negatively correlated with organic matter (OM) content, but positively correlated with available potassium (AK) content (p < 0.05). Both AK and OM were the most important soil factors that affected the AMF community structure. Thus, to regulate the rhizospheric AMF communities of navel oranges, OM inputs should be reduced and K inputs must be increased, which could benefit the functional diversity of AMF.
{"title":"Effects of cultivars and habitats on rhizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Gannan navel oranges","authors":"Jinping Wang, R. Huang, Jian-Min Zhao, Jihong Yuan, Guo-Min Huang, Rong-Xiu Xie, Liang Hu, Yue Xie, Geoff Wang","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2205135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2205135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rhizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are vital for the growth of navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). However, the molecular diversity of AMF communities associated with navel oranges in the field is largely unknown. This study employed Illumina MiSeq sequencing to reveal the effects of cultivars and habitats on the rhizospheric AMF community. The results showed Glomus and Glomus_sp as the dominant genus (97.0%) and species (22.9%), respectively. The effects of cultivars were higher on rhizospheric AMF diversities and lower on AMF community compositions, when compared with those of habitats. No significant differences in the AMF community diversity and richness were observed between cultivars, whereas the rhizospheric AMF community compositions significantly varied between habitats. The AMF diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) was negatively correlated with organic matter (OM) content, but positively correlated with available potassium (AK) content (p < 0.05). Both AK and OM were the most important soil factors that affected the AMF community structure. Thus, to regulate the rhizospheric AMF communities of navel oranges, OM inputs should be reduced and K inputs must be increased, which could benefit the functional diversity of AMF.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3102 - 3119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2203921
Fujin Xu, Jie Wu, L. Ru, H. Chang
ABSTRACT Nitrogen cycling in soil and its microbial community characteristics are closely related. Characteristics of soil nitrogen, community diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and ammonia oxidizers were study with a traditional farmland as control and five treatment alfalfa fields of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year (a) cultivation. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) significantly increased in 3, 4 and 5 a, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN), NH4 +-N (AN), NO3 −-N (NN) and SOC was the highest in 3, 5, 3, 4 a, respectively. The dominant phylum of NFB and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) belonged to Proteobacteria with a higher diversity and abundance in 3 and 4 a. Crenarchaeota was found the dominant phylum of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) with the highest abundance in the alfalfa field planted for 2 a. The dominant genus of NFB and AOB were Azohydromonas and Nitrosospira, respectively, which showed the highest abundance in the alfalfa fields planted for 2 and 3 a, respectively. The diversity of NFB and AOB showed a significantly positive correlation with TN and AHN (p < 0.05). AOA showed a significantly negative correlation with AN (p < 0.05). Many microbial species cannot be annotated in this study, which deserves future investigation.
{"title":"Characteristics of soil nitrogen and nitrogen cycling microbial communities in different alfalfa planting years","authors":"Fujin Xu, Jie Wu, L. Ru, H. Chang","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2203921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2203921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrogen cycling in soil and its microbial community characteristics are closely related. Characteristics of soil nitrogen, community diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and ammonia oxidizers were study with a traditional farmland as control and five treatment alfalfa fields of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year (a) cultivation. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) significantly increased in 3, 4 and 5 a, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN), NH4 +-N (AN), NO3 −-N (NN) and SOC was the highest in 3, 5, 3, 4 a, respectively. The dominant phylum of NFB and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) belonged to Proteobacteria with a higher diversity and abundance in 3 and 4 a. Crenarchaeota was found the dominant phylum of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) with the highest abundance in the alfalfa field planted for 2 a. The dominant genus of NFB and AOB were Azohydromonas and Nitrosospira, respectively, which showed the highest abundance in the alfalfa fields planted for 2 and 3 a, respectively. The diversity of NFB and AOB showed a significantly positive correlation with TN and AHN (p < 0.05). AOA showed a significantly negative correlation with AN (p < 0.05). Many microbial species cannot be annotated in this study, which deserves future investigation.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3087 - 3101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41766777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2200998
Chao Gao, Xu Yang, Xiuneng Li, X. Shao
ABSTRACT Plastic-film mulching plays an important role in farming practice and acts as a barrier to soil surface. Residual plastic film (RPF) affects the water and nutrient flow in the soil. A column experiment was conducted to observe the variation of water infiltration in the soil and wetting front under different amount and distribution of RPF. Eight kinds of RPF treatments (0, 40, 80, 160, 270, 400, 800 and 1400 kg hm−2) and two kinds of distribution treatments (average distribution and decreasing distribution layer by layer) were designed in the experiment. The results showed that RPFs had a negative impact on soil water infiltration and wetting front, especially if higher than 400 kg hm−2. The stable infiltration rate decreased 64.3% in average distribution and 71.4% in decreasing distribution layer by layer. The migration distance of the wetting front decreased by 2.51 cm in average distribution and 3.32 cm in decreasing distribution layer by layer. The Kostiakov and power function models suggest that decreasing the distribution layer by layer provides greater benefits to farming soil. This study provided a theoretical reference for actual soil water movement patterns in RPF-contaminated areas of the field.
摘要：地膜覆盖在农业实践中发挥着重要作用，是土壤表面的屏障。残留塑料膜（RPF）会影响土壤中的水分和养分流动。通过柱状试验，观察了不同RPF用量和分布条件下土壤水分入渗和湿润锋的变化。八种RPF处理（0、40、80、160、270、400、800和1400 kg hm−2）和两种分配处理（平均分配和逐层递减分配）。结果表明，RPFs对土壤水分入渗和湿润锋有负面影响，尤其是当RPFs高于400时 kg hm−2。稳定入渗率平均下降64.3%，逐层递减下降71.4%。湿润锋的迁移距离减少了2.51 平均分布厘米，3.32 cm，呈逐层递减分布。Kostiakov和幂函数模型表明，逐层减少分布对耕作土壤有更大的好处。该研究为RPF污染区实际土壤水分运动模式提供了理论参考。
{"title":"Effect of residual plastic film on infiltration of one-dimensional soil columns under drip irrigation","authors":"Chao Gao, Xu Yang, Xiuneng Li, X. Shao","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2200998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2200998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plastic-film mulching plays an important role in farming practice and acts as a barrier to soil surface. Residual plastic film (RPF) affects the water and nutrient flow in the soil. A column experiment was conducted to observe the variation of water infiltration in the soil and wetting front under different amount and distribution of RPF. Eight kinds of RPF treatments (0, 40, 80, 160, 270, 400, 800 and 1400 kg hm−2) and two kinds of distribution treatments (average distribution and decreasing distribution layer by layer) were designed in the experiment. The results showed that RPFs had a negative impact on soil water infiltration and wetting front, especially if higher than 400 kg hm−2. The stable infiltration rate decreased 64.3% in average distribution and 71.4% in decreasing distribution layer by layer. The migration distance of the wetting front decreased by 2.51 cm in average distribution and 3.32 cm in decreasing distribution layer by layer. The Kostiakov and power function models suggest that decreasing the distribution layer by layer provides greater benefits to farming soil. This study provided a theoretical reference for actual soil water movement patterns in RPF-contaminated areas of the field.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3073 - 3086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43388738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2196413
A. Saha, S. Samanta, Prithwiraj Dey, Rahul Halder, A. Sinha
ABSTRACT Rainfed farming is a low-input agricultural practice that is vulnerable to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we tested a resilient low input cropping system of buckwheat and green gram under different integrated nutrient management schedules. Specifically, we investigated the effects of three buckwheat varieties and four nutrient management schedules on buckwheat and green gram grown yields on residual fertility. Our findings suggest that 50% organic substitution resulted in the highest buckwheat yield, while the highest yield of green gram was achieved with 100% and 50% organic nutrient substitution. The Shimla B-1 variety of buckwheat showed the highest yield, while the low-yielding VL Ugal-7 variety resulted in the highest yield of succeeding green gram. Despite the poor green gram yield obtained after the highest-yielding buckwheat variety, the Shimla B-1 variety resulted in the highest system yield which was 24.6% higher than the VL Ugal-7 due to higher income obtained from buckwheat. It was also found that integrating vermicompost and Azotobacter as a source of organic nutrients with inorganic schedules can maintain a positive nutrient balance in the system. Overall, this study highlights the potential of a resilient buckwheat-green gram cropping system for low-input rainfed farming situations, with implications for sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Choice of varieties and organic-inorganic nutrient integrations in rainfed buckwheat can affect the performance of succeeding green gram grown on residual fertility","authors":"A. Saha, S. Samanta, Prithwiraj Dey, Rahul Halder, A. Sinha","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2196413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2196413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rainfed farming is a low-input agricultural practice that is vulnerable to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we tested a resilient low input cropping system of buckwheat and green gram under different integrated nutrient management schedules. Specifically, we investigated the effects of three buckwheat varieties and four nutrient management schedules on buckwheat and green gram grown yields on residual fertility. Our findings suggest that 50% organic substitution resulted in the highest buckwheat yield, while the highest yield of green gram was achieved with 100% and 50% organic nutrient substitution. The Shimla B-1 variety of buckwheat showed the highest yield, while the low-yielding VL Ugal-7 variety resulted in the highest yield of succeeding green gram. Despite the poor green gram yield obtained after the highest-yielding buckwheat variety, the Shimla B-1 variety resulted in the highest system yield which was 24.6% higher than the VL Ugal-7 due to higher income obtained from buckwheat. It was also found that integrating vermicompost and Azotobacter as a source of organic nutrients with inorganic schedules can maintain a positive nutrient balance in the system. Overall, this study highlights the potential of a resilient buckwheat-green gram cropping system for low-input rainfed farming situations, with implications for sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3030 - 3043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2196718
A. Tejashvini, V. Ramamurthy, Chickadibburahalli Thimmappa Subbarayappa
ABSTRACT Soil quality assessment is important for arable land, particularly in the vicinity of urban areas. The research was carried out to determine the quality of soil that has been farmed for different land uses. Geo-referenced 200 surface soil samples were collected from agriculture, horticulture, flower and plantation land-uses, and were analyzed for soil texture and nutrients, of which pH, OC, N, P2O5, K2O, Mn, Cu, Ca, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were found statistically significant and were chosen for principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the level of significance from PCA only five variables (pH, K2O, Cu, Ca, and DHA) were retained for minimum data set and linear scoring functions were used to provide unit-less scores for the selected data sets, which were then integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Plantation land use had the lowest (SQI) of 0.51, whereas agriculture land use had the highest SQI (0.55) and was comparable to flower and horticultural land uses (0.53). The SQI of agriculture land was found better than the plantation land use in nearly all of the quality indicators evaluated. As a result, implementing management measures that improve soil quality, such as OC, is critical for sustainable agricultural production.
{"title":"Soil quality assessment of different land use systems of peri-urban - rural landscape of Deccan plateau, hot semi-arid agro-ecosystem","authors":"A. Tejashvini, V. Ramamurthy, Chickadibburahalli Thimmappa Subbarayappa","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2196718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2196718","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil quality assessment is important for arable land, particularly in the vicinity of urban areas. The research was carried out to determine the quality of soil that has been farmed for different land uses. Geo-referenced 200 surface soil samples were collected from agriculture, horticulture, flower and plantation land-uses, and were analyzed for soil texture and nutrients, of which pH, OC, N, P2O5, K2O, Mn, Cu, Ca, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were found statistically significant and were chosen for principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the level of significance from PCA only five variables (pH, K2O, Cu, Ca, and DHA) were retained for minimum data set and linear scoring functions were used to provide unit-less scores for the selected data sets, which were then integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Plantation land use had the lowest (SQI) of 0.51, whereas agriculture land use had the highest SQI (0.55) and was comparable to flower and horticultural land uses (0.53). The SQI of agriculture land was found better than the plantation land use in nearly all of the quality indicators evaluated. As a result, implementing management measures that improve soil quality, such as OC, is critical for sustainable agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3060 - 3072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2196618
Wenqi Gu, Weiming Zhang, Liqun Xiu, Yuanyuan Sun, Di Wu, Yuning Wang, Honggui Zhang, H. Yuan, Zhibo Feng, J. Meng, Wenfu Chen
ABSTRACT Soil aggregate is important to soil quality. Straw return is beneficial for soil amendment, but the effects of straw and straw-derived biochar on aggregate formation and stability in paddy soil are unclear. This study carried out a field experiment for 2 years in Northeast China with four treatments: conventional fertilization (CF), straw (ST, 7.5 t ha−1 year−1), biochar (BC, 2.5 t ha−1 year−1), and biochar-based fertilizer (BCF, 0.75 t ha−1 year−1). Compared with the CF and BCF, BC and ST improved the macroaggregates and significantly increased soil total carbon and aggregate organic carbon, indicating a sustained positive role in promoting the formation and stability of aggregates. BC significantly improved aggregate stability. Correlation analysis showed that macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) can be increased by increasing the heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), BC and ST significantly increased the HFOC, and BC had a greater effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the combination of biochar and soil particles can be captured with strong water scouring. BCF showed an increasing trend in the formation and stability of soil aggregates. In comparison, biochar had a greater effect on promoting the formation of macroaggregates and the stability of soil aggregates with a significant sustainable effect.
土壤团聚体对土壤质量具有重要影响。秸秆还田有利于土壤修复，但秸秆及其生物炭对水稻土团聚体形成和稳定性的影响尚不清楚。本研究在东北地区进行了为期2年的田间试验，采用常规施肥(CF)、秸秆施肥(ST, 7.5 t / h−1年−1)、生物炭施肥(BC, 2.5 t / h−1年−1)和生物炭基肥料(BCF, 0.75 t / h−1年−1)4种处理。与CF和BCF相比，BC和ST改善了大团聚体，显著增加了土壤总碳和团聚体有机碳，表明对团聚体的形成和稳定具有持续的积极作用。BC显著提高了骨料稳定性。相关分析表明，增加重馏分有机碳(HFOC)可以增加大团聚体(2 ~ 0.25 mm)， BC和ST显著增加了HFOC, BC的作用更大。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明，强力水冲刷可以捕获生物炭与土壤颗粒的结合。土壤团聚体的形成和稳定性呈增加趋势。相比之下，生物炭对促进大团聚体形成和土壤团聚体稳定性的作用更大，且具有显著的可持续效应。
{"title":"Soil aggregate variation in two contrasting rice straw recycling systems for paddy soil amendment over two years","authors":"Wenqi Gu, Weiming Zhang, Liqun Xiu, Yuanyuan Sun, Di Wu, Yuning Wang, Honggui Zhang, H. Yuan, Zhibo Feng, J. Meng, Wenfu Chen","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2196618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2196618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil aggregate is important to soil quality. Straw return is beneficial for soil amendment, but the effects of straw and straw-derived biochar on aggregate formation and stability in paddy soil are unclear. This study carried out a field experiment for 2 years in Northeast China with four treatments: conventional fertilization (CF), straw (ST, 7.5 t ha−1 year−1), biochar (BC, 2.5 t ha−1 year−1), and biochar-based fertilizer (BCF, 0.75 t ha−1 year−1). Compared with the CF and BCF, BC and ST improved the macroaggregates and significantly increased soil total carbon and aggregate organic carbon, indicating a sustained positive role in promoting the formation and stability of aggregates. BC significantly improved aggregate stability. Correlation analysis showed that macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) can be increased by increasing the heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), BC and ST significantly increased the HFOC, and BC had a greater effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the combination of biochar and soil particles can be captured with strong water scouring. BCF showed an increasing trend in the formation and stability of soil aggregates. In comparison, biochar had a greater effect on promoting the formation of macroaggregates and the stability of soil aggregates with a significant sustainable effect.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3044 - 3059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43006132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2194639
M. Vahidi, Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan, H. Bayat, Zahra Parsa
ABSTRACT Managing soil modifier application is important to improve the soil properties. The purpose of the experiment was to study the short-term (0, 60, 120, 180 days) changes of the soil properties affected by the organic modifier types (barberry biochar, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw), and their application methods (mixing and mulching). This study was carried out in a laboratory scale where organic modifiers were used at 5% ratio (by weight) with four replicates. The factorial experiment was performed based on a totally random design using variance analysis, mean comparison and the least significant difference (LSD) test (p < 0.05). The soil characteristics were enhanced by all organic modifiers. The highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were obtained from the poultry manure. The highest amounts of calcium and magnesium were related to the barberry biochar at 120 and 180 days, and led to increasing up to 1.33, and 2.5 times, respectively, compared to the control. Promising results were observed in soil physicochemical properties when barberry biochar was applied as mixed with the soil for 180 days. The mixed application of the poultry manure and barberry biochar for 180 days was the best treatment.
{"title":"Short-term changes of soil physicochemical properties affected by organic modifier type and its application method","authors":"M. Vahidi, Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan, H. Bayat, Zahra Parsa","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2194639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2194639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Managing soil modifier application is important to improve the soil properties. The purpose of the experiment was to study the short-term (0, 60, 120, 180 days) changes of the soil properties affected by the organic modifier types (barberry biochar, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw), and their application methods (mixing and mulching). This study was carried out in a laboratory scale where organic modifiers were used at 5% ratio (by weight) with four replicates. The factorial experiment was performed based on a totally random design using variance analysis, mean comparison and the least significant difference (LSD) test (p < 0.05). The soil characteristics were enhanced by all organic modifiers. The highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were obtained from the poultry manure. The highest amounts of calcium and magnesium were related to the barberry biochar at 120 and 180 days, and led to increasing up to 1.33, and 2.5 times, respectively, compared to the control. Promising results were observed in soil physicochemical properties when barberry biochar was applied as mixed with the soil for 180 days. The mixed application of the poultry manure and barberry biochar for 180 days was the best treatment.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"3015 - 3029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2192489
M. Meena, B. Yadav, M. Dotaniya, M. Meena, R. Jat, R. Choudhary, Harvir Singh, Vd Meena, P. Rai
ABSTRACT Use of saline-sodic irrigation water degrades soil health and reduced mustard yield, particularly in India’s low-rainfall regions. This research was conducted to assess the effect of sodic water and nitrogen sources on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities, and interaction effects on mustard seed yield. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design comprising four levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water (6, 10, 20, and 30) and six nitrogen sources [(control, 125% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through urea, 75% RDN+50% RDN through farm yard manure (FYM), 75% RDN through urea+50% RDN through vermicompost (VC), 50% RDN through urea+75% RDN through FYM, 50% RDN through urea+75% RDN through VC]. The use of high SAR irrigation water caused a significant reduction in soil fertility and microbial parameters. The combined use of chemical fertilizers, FYM, and vermicompost significantly increased microbial activities (64.9% SMB-C), SOC (23.5%), soil enzyme activity (dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphates), and mustard seed yield (49%). The use of 50% RDN via urea+75% RDN via VC was suggested as a better technology for minimizing the adverse effect of high SAR water on crop yield.
{"title":"Soil fertility, microbial dynamics and mustard yield potential mediated by addition of organic amendments under sodic irrigation water","authors":"M. Meena, B. Yadav, M. Dotaniya, M. Meena, R. Jat, R. Choudhary, Harvir Singh, Vd Meena, P. Rai","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2192489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2192489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Use of saline-sodic irrigation water degrades soil health and reduced mustard yield, particularly in India’s low-rainfall regions. This research was conducted to assess the effect of sodic water and nitrogen sources on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities, and interaction effects on mustard seed yield. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design comprising four levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water (6, 10, 20, and 30) and six nitrogen sources [(control, 125% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through urea, 75% RDN+50% RDN through farm yard manure (FYM), 75% RDN through urea+50% RDN through vermicompost (VC), 50% RDN through urea+75% RDN through FYM, 50% RDN through urea+75% RDN through VC]. The use of high SAR irrigation water caused a significant reduction in soil fertility and microbial parameters. The combined use of chemical fertilizers, FYM, and vermicompost significantly increased microbial activities (64.9% SMB-C), SOC (23.5%), soil enzyme activity (dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphates), and mustard seed yield (49%). The use of 50% RDN via urea+75% RDN via VC was suggested as a better technology for minimizing the adverse effect of high SAR water on crop yield.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"2982 - 2998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48966042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2192490
Xian He, Ren-yong Shi, Jackson Nkoh Nkoh, Hong-Wei Lai, Peng Guan, Ke-wei Li, R. Xu
ABSTRACT To evaluate the effects of biochar on pH buffering capacity (pHBC) of paddy soils, rice straw biochar (RC) was modified by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric acid/sulphuric acid (HNO3/H2SO4), respectively, and then added to the paddy soils developed from sandy Ultisol, clay Ultisol and granite Ultisol at the same proportion. After submerging and draining incubation, soil pHBC, soil pH and the available cadmium (Cd) extracted with calcium chloride were determined. The results indicated that the two modified biochars effectively promoted pHBC of three paddy soils and HNO3/H2SO4 modified biochar (HNO3/H2SO4-RC) led to greater increase in soil pHBC. Compared with control, HNO3/H2SO4-RC apparently increased pHBC of the paddy soils from sandy Ultisol, clay Ultisol and granite Ultisol by 32.7%, 37.4% and 25.3%, respectively. Correspondingly, soil pH increased by 1.59, 1.15 and 0.88 units, and the available Cd decreased by 74.1%, 67.5% and 75.0% in the paddy soils due to the incorporation of HNO3/H2SO4-RC. HNO3/H2SO4 modification significantly increased the carboxyl groups on the surface of RC. The dissociation of these functional groups produced a large number of organic anions, which could consume exogenous protons, and thus retarding the decline of soil pH and decreased soil available Cd.
{"title":"Promotion of pH buffering capacity and immobilization of cadmium in three paddy soils by adding modified rice straw biochars","authors":"Xian He, Ren-yong Shi, Jackson Nkoh Nkoh, Hong-Wei Lai, Peng Guan, Ke-wei Li, R. Xu","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2192490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2192490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To evaluate the effects of biochar on pH buffering capacity (pHBC) of paddy soils, rice straw biochar (RC) was modified by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric acid/sulphuric acid (HNO3/H2SO4), respectively, and then added to the paddy soils developed from sandy Ultisol, clay Ultisol and granite Ultisol at the same proportion. After submerging and draining incubation, soil pHBC, soil pH and the available cadmium (Cd) extracted with calcium chloride were determined. The results indicated that the two modified biochars effectively promoted pHBC of three paddy soils and HNO3/H2SO4 modified biochar (HNO3/H2SO4-RC) led to greater increase in soil pHBC. Compared with control, HNO3/H2SO4-RC apparently increased pHBC of the paddy soils from sandy Ultisol, clay Ultisol and granite Ultisol by 32.7%, 37.4% and 25.3%, respectively. Correspondingly, soil pH increased by 1.59, 1.15 and 0.88 units, and the available Cd decreased by 74.1%, 67.5% and 75.0% in the paddy soils due to the incorporation of HNO3/H2SO4-RC. HNO3/H2SO4 modification significantly increased the carboxyl groups on the surface of RC. The dissociation of these functional groups produced a large number of organic anions, which could consume exogenous protons, and thus retarding the decline of soil pH and decreased soil available Cd.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"2999 - 3014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45937275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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