Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2241828
R. Kundu, Arindam Sarkar, R. Poddar, S. Jash, G. Moinuddin, Arup Sen
ABSTRACT Indiscriminate application of inorganic chemicals has resulted in soil health deterioration and decline in crop produce in nutrient poor Alfisols of India. We conducted an experiment to find out the influence of different level of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations on nutrient uptake, crop growth and productivity of kharif groundnut in the Red and Laterite soils during 2018, 2019 and 2020. It was hypothesized that judicious application of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulation would result in better nutrient uptake, improving nut yield and net income. We found that higher dose of inorganic fertilizer along with liquid bio-formulations yielded better results in terms of nutrient uptake, crop growth, yield and quality in groundnut. An increase of 43.2% and 57.5% in haulm and kernel N uptake; 67.6 and 98.1% in haulm and kernel P uptake; 47.4% and 57.6% in haulm and kernel K uptake was recorded, respectively, when 100% recommended dose of NPK (F4) was coupled with liquid NPK bio-formulation + Zn-solubilizing bacteria (B2) over control and was most economical (higher B:C ratio, 2.73). Groundnut being an exhaustive crop, responded well to higher levels of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations.
{"title":"Bio-formulation in combination with inorganic fertilizer improves crop growth, productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Red and Laterite soils","authors":"R. Kundu, Arindam Sarkar, R. Poddar, S. Jash, G. Moinuddin, Arup Sen","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2241828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2241828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indiscriminate application of inorganic chemicals has resulted in soil health deterioration and decline in crop produce in nutrient poor Alfisols of India. We conducted an experiment to find out the influence of different level of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations on nutrient uptake, crop growth and productivity of kharif groundnut in the Red and Laterite soils during 2018, 2019 and 2020. It was hypothesized that judicious application of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulation would result in better nutrient uptake, improving nut yield and net income. We found that higher dose of inorganic fertilizer along with liquid bio-formulations yielded better results in terms of nutrient uptake, crop growth, yield and quality in groundnut. An increase of 43.2% and 57.5% in haulm and kernel N uptake; 67.6 and 98.1% in haulm and kernel P uptake; 47.4% and 57.6% in haulm and kernel K uptake was recorded, respectively, when 100% recommended dose of NPK (F4) was coupled with liquid NPK bio-formulation + Zn-solubilizing bacteria (B2) over control and was most economical (higher B:C ratio, 2.73). Groundnut being an exhaustive crop, responded well to higher levels of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47133928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2241843
Sagolshem Kalidas-Singh, D. Thakuria, A. Puyam, Mayanglambam Homeshwari-Devi, Vineet Kumar
ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation (Jhum) involves the conversion of forest land to agricultural land, and two successive Jhum cultivations in a patch of land make a Jhum cycle. Shortening of the cycle to meet population needs is a challenge, and one potential solution is to use N2-fixing, trees in fallow-phase and crops in cropping-phase. A pot experiment was conducted with soil from 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallows of alder-based (N2-fixed) and traditional Jhum agroecosystems, grown with surface-sterilized local French beans (design: CRD). A factorial micro-plot field experiment was also set up in alder-based Jhum sites in 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallow. In both, soil physico-chemical and biological properties, root nodulation and yield attributes of French beans were studied. Root nodulation and biomass yield attributes were higher in alder-based systems compared to traditional, with comparable improvements seen in shorter fallows. At harvest, yield parameters were in the order of 4->2->8-years in alder-based and 8->4->2-years in traditional Jhum soil. Rhizobium populations may decrease with longer fallow lengths without a host and fire stress of Jhum. Fallow length effect on all soil parameters, with increased values as length increased in both Jhum. Combination of soil-fertility and nodulation led to higher grain yield in 4-year-fallows of alder-based Jhum.
{"title":"Root nodulation and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are altered by fallow length in slash-and-burn agriculture","authors":"Sagolshem Kalidas-Singh, D. Thakuria, A. Puyam, Mayanglambam Homeshwari-Devi, Vineet Kumar","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2241843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2241843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation (Jhum) involves the conversion of forest land to agricultural land, and two successive Jhum cultivations in a patch of land make a Jhum cycle. Shortening of the cycle to meet population needs is a challenge, and one potential solution is to use N2-fixing, trees in fallow-phase and crops in cropping-phase. A pot experiment was conducted with soil from 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallows of alder-based (N2-fixed) and traditional Jhum agroecosystems, grown with surface-sterilized local French beans (design: CRD). A factorial micro-plot field experiment was also set up in alder-based Jhum sites in 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallow. In both, soil physico-chemical and biological properties, root nodulation and yield attributes of French beans were studied. Root nodulation and biomass yield attributes were higher in alder-based systems compared to traditional, with comparable improvements seen in shorter fallows. At harvest, yield parameters were in the order of 4->2->8-years in alder-based and 8->4->2-years in traditional Jhum soil. Rhizobium populations may decrease with longer fallow lengths without a host and fire stress of Jhum. Fallow length effect on all soil parameters, with increased values as length increased in both Jhum. Combination of soil-fertility and nodulation led to higher grain yield in 4-year-fallows of alder-based Jhum.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49418089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2241370
A. Tasung, N. Ahmed, R. Das, R. Bhattacharyya, K. Bandyopadhyay, Neera Singh, D. Das, B. Gurung, S. Datta
ABSTRACT This study assessed the effect of land use systems (rice-fallow, bamboo, mandarin and forest) along an altitude gradient (<500, 500–1000 and > 1000 m asl) and soil depth (0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm) on C stability in naturally occurring clay-organic complex (NOCOC) and their relationship with soil properties. The C stability in NOCOC (1/k) was determined from desorption rate constant (k) of humus-C by sequential extraction and was correlated with soil properties across the altitude. The C stability in NOCOC decreased (34%) with increasing soil depth from 0–15 to 30–45 cm. Across the altitudes, highest C stability in NOCOC was at > 1000 m asl (8.37 h) which was 12.7 and 9.4% higher than 500–1000 and < 500 m asl, respectively. Irrespective of soil depth and altitude, forest (5.30 h) showed the greatest C stability in NOCOC followed by mandarin (4.64 h), bamboo (4.20 h) and rice-fallow (3.85 h). Measurable soil properties could explain 90–94% variability of C stability in NOCOC across the altitude. Furthermore, C stability in NOCOC increased macroaggregate formation (0.25 mm) and ensured greater physical, chemical and microbial protection of organic C in soil.
{"title":"Effect of land use system and altitude on carbon stability in naturally occurring clay-organic complex in soils of Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalaya, India","authors":"A. Tasung, N. Ahmed, R. Das, R. Bhattacharyya, K. Bandyopadhyay, Neera Singh, D. Das, B. Gurung, S. Datta","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2241370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2241370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assessed the effect of land use systems (rice-fallow, bamboo, mandarin and forest) along an altitude gradient (<500, 500–1000 and > 1000 m asl) and soil depth (0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm) on C stability in naturally occurring clay-organic complex (NOCOC) and their relationship with soil properties. The C stability in NOCOC (1/k) was determined from desorption rate constant (k) of humus-C by sequential extraction and was correlated with soil properties across the altitude. The C stability in NOCOC decreased (34%) with increasing soil depth from 0–15 to 30–45 cm. Across the altitudes, highest C stability in NOCOC was at > 1000 m asl (8.37 h) which was 12.7 and 9.4% higher than 500–1000 and < 500 m asl, respectively. Irrespective of soil depth and altitude, forest (5.30 h) showed the greatest C stability in NOCOC followed by mandarin (4.64 h), bamboo (4.20 h) and rice-fallow (3.85 h). Measurable soil properties could explain 90–94% variability of C stability in NOCOC across the altitude. Furthermore, C stability in NOCOC increased macroaggregate formation (0.25 mm) and ensured greater physical, chemical and microbial protection of organic C in soil.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2239150
Souradeep Gupta, Dhanwinder Singh, Sumita Chandel, R. Sikka, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay, S. S. Dhaliwal
ABSTRACT Increasing population and subsequent increase in waste necessitate recycling of waste products to minimize the environmental burden. This study was conducted in semi-arid tropics of Punjab to evaluate different rates of sludge application as a supplementary source of nutrients to conventional fertilizers in maize. The grain yield was significantly higher with the application of 5 t ha−1 sludge over control and marginally lower than in 10 t ha−1. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in grains were below international standards even after maximum dose of sludge treatment and can be declared as safe for consumption. The bioconcentration factor of Cd and Ni increased by 82% and 49% with 10 t ha−1 over control, respectively while it remained same for Cr and Pb. Significant increase in exchangeable Cd, Pb in carbonate, and easily reducible oxide, Ni and Cr in residual fraction with 10 t ha−1 sludge over control were found. Mobility of only Pb and Cd increased with increasing sludge treatment. Conclusively, sludge application can be beneficial in increasing plant biomass, however heavy metal accumulation in plants may limit its use. Long-term effect of sludge applications as nutrient sources must be evaluated to get more in-depth insights.
人口的增加和随之而来的废物的增加需要回收废物，以尽量减少环境负担。本研究在旁遮普的半干旱热带地区进行，以评估污泥作为常规肥料补充营养来源的不同施用率。施用5 tha - 1污泥时，籽粒产量显著高于对照，略低于10 tha - 1污泥。谷物中的镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)即使经过最大剂量的污泥处理也低于国际标准，可以宣布为安全消费。在10 t ha−1条件下，Cd和Ni的生物富集系数分别比对照提高82%和49%，Cr和Pb的生物富集系数保持不变。在10 t ha−1污泥中，碳酸盐中可交换性Cd、Pb和残渣中易还原氧化物、Ni和Cr的含量显著高于对照。随着污泥处理的增加，只有Pb和Cd的迁移率增加。综上所述，污泥的应用有利于增加植物生物量，但植物体内重金属的积累可能会限制其使用。污泥应用作为营养源的长期影响必须进行评估，以获得更深入的见解。
{"title":"Assessment of sludge application in maize (Zea mays L.): influence on crop biomass and heavy metals bioavailability","authors":"Souradeep Gupta, Dhanwinder Singh, Sumita Chandel, R. Sikka, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay, S. S. Dhaliwal","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2239150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2239150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increasing population and subsequent increase in waste necessitate recycling of waste products to minimize the environmental burden. This study was conducted in semi-arid tropics of Punjab to evaluate different rates of sludge application as a supplementary source of nutrients to conventional fertilizers in maize. The grain yield was significantly higher with the application of 5 t ha−1 sludge over control and marginally lower than in 10 t ha−1. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in grains were below international standards even after maximum dose of sludge treatment and can be declared as safe for consumption. The bioconcentration factor of Cd and Ni increased by 82% and 49% with 10 t ha−1 over control, respectively while it remained same for Cr and Pb. Significant increase in exchangeable Cd, Pb in carbonate, and easily reducible oxide, Ni and Cr in residual fraction with 10 t ha−1 sludge over control were found. Mobility of only Pb and Cd increased with increasing sludge treatment. Conclusively, sludge application can be beneficial in increasing plant biomass, however heavy metal accumulation in plants may limit its use. Long-term effect of sludge applications as nutrient sources must be evaluated to get more in-depth insights.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2236555
A. Nasseri
ABSTRACT Water footprint (WF), water productivity of wheat (WWP) and interrelationships among water footprint components under conservation (CST) and conventional (CT) tillage were evaluated for two cropping years in this study. Results revealed that WF in CST was lower than that in CT one. While, WWP in CST was higher than that acquired from CT. The total, green, blue and gray WF in conservation (vs. conventional) tillage averaged 1319 (vs. 1629), 108 (vs. 152), 621 (vs. 737) and 590 (vs. 740) m3 t−1. The gray WF had the highest total and direct effects on total WF. Also, higher grain yield (3857 kg ha−1), straw yield (5065 kg ha−1) and WWP (1.01 kg m−3) acquired from CST. The findings revealed that CST is the appropriate tillage practice to reduce total WF (19%) compared to CT, to enhance crop yield and productivity in wheat production.
摘要本研究对两个种植年份的保护性耕作（CST）和常规耕作（CT）下的水足迹（WF）、小麦水分生产力（WWP）以及水足迹组成之间的相互关系进行了评估。结果显示CST组WF明显低于CT组。而CST中的WWP高于CT。保护性耕作（与传统耕作相比）中的总WF、绿色、蓝色和灰色WF平均为1319（与1629）、108（与152）、621（与737）和590（与740）m3 t-1。灰色WF对总WF的直接影响最大，产量也较高（3857 kg ha−1），秸秆产量（5065 kg ha−1）和WWP（1.01 kg m−3）。研究结果表明，与CT相比，CST是减少总WF（19%）、提高作物产量和小麦生产生产力的合适耕作方法。
{"title":"Water footprint in wheat production under conservation tillage","authors":"A. Nasseri","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2236555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2236555","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water footprint (WF), water productivity of wheat (WWP) and interrelationships among water footprint components under conservation (CST) and conventional (CT) tillage were evaluated for two cropping years in this study. Results revealed that WF in CST was lower than that in CT one. While, WWP in CST was higher than that acquired from CT. The total, green, blue and gray WF in conservation (vs. conventional) tillage averaged 1319 (vs. 1629), 108 (vs. 152), 621 (vs. 737) and 590 (vs. 740) m3 t−1. The gray WF had the highest total and direct effects on total WF. Also, higher grain yield (3857 kg ha−1), straw yield (5065 kg ha−1) and WWP (1.01 kg m−3) acquired from CST. The findings revealed that CST is the appropriate tillage practice to reduce total WF (19%) compared to CT, to enhance crop yield and productivity in wheat production.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2237899
José Lucas Martins Melo, J. P. Andrade Feitosa, J. C. A. Mota, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, C. F. de Lacerda, R. Simmons, M. Costa
ABSTRACT The use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in dryland agricultural areas utilizing brackish irrigation water is a strategy to increase plant available water (AW). However, water retention by SAPs may be adversely affected under salinity. SAP containing calcium carbonate (Ca-SAP) is considered to be more resistant and provide more plant AW under saline conditions compared to conventional SAP (C-SAP) and to control. This research investigated two replicated lettuce trials to evaluate three treatments (Ca-SAP, C-SAP and control) subjected to irrigation water with electrical conductivities of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m−1. Both SAP treatments increased AW by an average of 0.16 m3 m−3 as compared to the control. Decrease in AW with salinity was lower in Ca-SAP (0.07 m3 m−3) as compared with C-SAP (0.13 m3 m−3). Lettuce fresh weight (g plant−1) was higher for Ca-SAP (22.9) as compared to C-SAP (16.4), however, did not differ from control (20.6). As water salinity increased, lettuce fresh biomass was higher in Ca-SAP as compared to C-SAP up to 2 dS m−1 with no significant differences from control. The Ca-SAP is less affected by salts than the C-SAP, although its use did not benefit lettuce growth under saline conditions as expected.
在利用微咸灌溉水的旱地农业地区使用高吸水性聚合物(sap)是增加植物有效水分(AW)的一种策略。然而，在盐度条件下，sap的保水性可能受到不利影响。与常规SAP (C-SAP)相比，含有碳酸钙的SAP (Ca-SAP)被认为具有更强的抗性，并在盐水条件下提供更多的植物AW。本研究通过2个重复试验，对电导率分别为0.0、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 dS m−1的灌溉水对3个处理(Ca-SAP、C-SAP和对照)生菜的影响进行了评价。与对照相比，两种SAP处理平均增加了0.16 m3 m−3的AW。与C-SAP (0.13 m3 m - 3)相比，Ca-SAP随盐度的降低(0.07 m3 m - 3)更低。Ca-SAP处理的生菜鲜重(g株−1)为22.9，高于C-SAP处理(16.4)，但与对照(20.6)无显著差异。随着水盐度的增加，生菜新鲜生物量在Ca-SAP中高于C-SAP，最高可达2 dS m−1，与对照无显著差异。Ca-SAP受盐的影响比C-SAP小，尽管它的使用并没有像预期的那样有利于盐条件下的生菜生长。
{"title":"Can a superabsorbent polymer synthesised a CaCO3 based biofiller improve soil and plant available water and crop growth under salt stress?","authors":"José Lucas Martins Melo, J. P. Andrade Feitosa, J. C. A. Mota, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, C. F. de Lacerda, R. Simmons, M. Costa","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2237899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2237899","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in dryland agricultural areas utilizing brackish irrigation water is a strategy to increase plant available water (AW). However, water retention by SAPs may be adversely affected under salinity. SAP containing calcium carbonate (Ca-SAP) is considered to be more resistant and provide more plant AW under saline conditions compared to conventional SAP (C-SAP) and to control. This research investigated two replicated lettuce trials to evaluate three treatments (Ca-SAP, C-SAP and control) subjected to irrigation water with electrical conductivities of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m−1. Both SAP treatments increased AW by an average of 0.16 m3 m−3 as compared to the control. Decrease in AW with salinity was lower in Ca-SAP (0.07 m3 m−3) as compared with C-SAP (0.13 m3 m−3). Lettuce fresh weight (g plant−1) was higher for Ca-SAP (22.9) as compared to C-SAP (16.4), however, did not differ from control (20.6). As water salinity increased, lettuce fresh biomass was higher in Ca-SAP as compared to C-SAP up to 2 dS m−1 with no significant differences from control. The Ca-SAP is less affected by salts than the C-SAP, although its use did not benefit lettuce growth under saline conditions as expected.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2231350
W. Ahmad, Jaya Nepal, Xiao Xin, Zhenli He
ABSTRACT Zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) effect on crop physiology and zinc recovery remains poorly studied for acidic-sandy soils. To address this, greenhouse pot (plastic-pots, 6 kg soil, maize) experiments with ZnO-NP (50, 100, 150, 200 mg kg−1) applied via different methods (soil-drench, seed-coating and foliar-spray) was conducted in a 60 days study. Results revealed that ZnO-NP via seed-coating (100 mg kg−1) and soil-drench (150 mg kg−1) enhanced shoot and total P uptake, while ZnO-NPs (foliar) (50 mg kg−1) enhanced maize growth (6–11%), with agronomic and physiological improvements ultimately resulted in greater biomass (16–20%), Zn agronomic efficiency and uptake. Compared to ZnSO4 treatment and the control, seed-coating with 100 mg kg−1 ZnO-NP increased leaf chlorophyll and pigment content by 12–127%. Principal component analysis revealed a close association among growth traits, plant pigments, fluorescence parameters, total Zn and P concentration, and uptake with total biomass as influenced by ZnO-NPs. Thus, compared to conventional ZnSO4 and higher dosages of ZnO-NPs, foliar-spray of ZnO-NP at 50 mg kg−1, seed-coating at 100 mg kg−1, or soil-drench at 150 mg kg−1 increased maize biochemical characteristics, growth, biomass, and Zn agronomic efficiency. These elucidate important implications of ZnO-NP application for increasing plant development and Zn biofortification in acidic-sandy soils.
氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO-NP)对酸性沙质土壤作物生理和锌恢复的影响研究甚少。为了解决这一问题，在为期60天的温室盆栽(塑料盆栽，6 kg土壤，玉米)试验中，通过不同的方法(土壤淋施，种子包衣和叶喷)施用ZnO-NP (50, 100, 150, 200 mg kg - 1)。结果表明，通过种子包衣(100 mg kg−1)和土壤淋施(150 mg kg−1)施用ZnO-NP能提高玉米茎部和总磷的吸收，而通过叶面施用(50 mg kg−1)ZnO-NP能提高玉米生长(6-11%)，最终提高玉米生物量(16-20%)、锌农艺效率和吸收。与ZnSO4处理和对照相比，100 mg kg - 1 ZnO-NP包衣使叶片叶绿素和色素含量提高了12-127%。主成分分析表明，ZnO-NPs对植株生长性状、植物色素、荧光参数、总锌、总磷浓度和总生物量的影响密切相关。因此，与传统的ZnSO4和更高剂量的ZnO-NPs相比，施用50mg kg - 1的ZnO-NP叶面喷施、100mg kg - 1的种子包衣或150mg kg - 1的土壤淋施能提高玉米的生化特性、生长、生物量和Zn农艺效率。这说明了在酸性沙质土壤中施用ZnO-NP对促进植物发育和锌的生物强化具有重要意义。
{"title":"Agronomic Zn biofortification through nano ZnO application enhanced growth, photosystem efficiency, Zn and P nutrition in maize","authors":"W. Ahmad, Jaya Nepal, Xiao Xin, Zhenli He","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2231350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2231350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) effect on crop physiology and zinc recovery remains poorly studied for acidic-sandy soils. To address this, greenhouse pot (plastic-pots, 6 kg soil, maize) experiments with ZnO-NP (50, 100, 150, 200 mg kg−1) applied via different methods (soil-drench, seed-coating and foliar-spray) was conducted in a 60 days study. Results revealed that ZnO-NP via seed-coating (100 mg kg−1) and soil-drench (150 mg kg−1) enhanced shoot and total P uptake, while ZnO-NPs (foliar) (50 mg kg−1) enhanced maize growth (6–11%), with agronomic and physiological improvements ultimately resulted in greater biomass (16–20%), Zn agronomic efficiency and uptake. Compared to ZnSO4 treatment and the control, seed-coating with 100 mg kg−1 ZnO-NP increased leaf chlorophyll and pigment content by 12–127%. Principal component analysis revealed a close association among growth traits, plant pigments, fluorescence parameters, total Zn and P concentration, and uptake with total biomass as influenced by ZnO-NPs. Thus, compared to conventional ZnSO4 and higher dosages of ZnO-NPs, foliar-spray of ZnO-NP at 50 mg kg−1, seed-coating at 100 mg kg−1, or soil-drench at 150 mg kg−1 increased maize biochemical characteristics, growth, biomass, and Zn agronomic efficiency. These elucidate important implications of ZnO-NP application for increasing plant development and Zn biofortification in acidic-sandy soils.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2232678
Mansour Mirzaei Varoei, S. Oustan, A. Reyhanitabar, N. Najafi
ABSTRACT Nitrohumic acids (NHAs) are considered as promising slow-release N fertilizers. In this study, NHA was produced from six organic feedstocks, including coal, leonardite, municipal waste compost, sewage sludge, and apple and beech biochars via nitration using nitric acid. The nitration process was conducted in two ways: (i) after humic acid (HA) extraction (NHAD), and (ii) before HA extraction (NHAID). The prepared NHAs were then characterized using FT-IR and CHNS analysis. Additionally, N mineralization of NHAs was investigated in a sandy loam soil sample. The FT-IR spectra showed that both methods of nitration loaded nitro (NO2) groups into the HA structure. However, the CHNS analysis indicated the highest rate of N increase for NHAD (106%) and NHAID (113%) extracted from leonardite. Moreover, on average, the total acidity and carboxylic groups of the HAs increased by 7.5% and 14.5% after the nitration processes, respectively. The highest extraction yields of NHAD (26.1%) and NHAID (42.1%) were also obtained from leonardite. Although the extraction yield of NHAID was on average two times higher than that of NHAD, NHAD indicated a higher soil N availability (1.4 times). We concluded that the NHAD extracted from leonardite could be considered as an alternative slow-release N fertilizer.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization and nitrogen availability of nitrohumic acid as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer","authors":"Mansour Mirzaei Varoei, S. Oustan, A. Reyhanitabar, N. Najafi","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2232678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2232678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrohumic acids (NHAs) are considered as promising slow-release N fertilizers. In this study, NHA was produced from six organic feedstocks, including coal, leonardite, municipal waste compost, sewage sludge, and apple and beech biochars via nitration using nitric acid. The nitration process was conducted in two ways: (i) after humic acid (HA) extraction (NHAD), and (ii) before HA extraction (NHAID). The prepared NHAs were then characterized using FT-IR and CHNS analysis. Additionally, N mineralization of NHAs was investigated in a sandy loam soil sample. The FT-IR spectra showed that both methods of nitration loaded nitro (NO2) groups into the HA structure. However, the CHNS analysis indicated the highest rate of N increase for NHAD (106%) and NHAID (113%) extracted from leonardite. Moreover, on average, the total acidity and carboxylic groups of the HAs increased by 7.5% and 14.5% after the nitration processes, respectively. The highest extraction yields of NHAD (26.1%) and NHAID (42.1%) were also obtained from leonardite. Although the extraction yield of NHAID was on average two times higher than that of NHAD, NHAD indicated a higher soil N availability (1.4 times). We concluded that the NHAD extracted from leonardite could be considered as an alternative slow-release N fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2022.2078965
Ronilson Carlos de Araújo, M. S. Ribeiro, F. A. Rodrigues, Bruna Santos Silva, J. Dória, M. Pasqual
ABSTRACT Banana micropropagation allows the production of vigorous and high-quality phytosanitary plants, which can be improved with the use of endophytic growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that stimulate the growth and development of plants. It is possible to associate them with hydroponics, allowing a high supply of seedlings and reducing the production cycle. The objective was to evaluate the effect of PGPB in a floating hydroponic system in the acclimatization phase of banana. The cultivars studied were Prata Anã and BRS Princesa. The treatments evaluated were as follows: control (nutrient broth without bacteria); Bacillus cereus strain 1 (BC1); Bacillus cereus strain 2 (BC2); Bacillus thuringiensis (BT); Buttiauxella agrestis (BA). Total height, pseudostem diameter, root length, number of leaves, fresh root mass, pseudostem, leaf and leaf area, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, leaf temperature and chlorophyll. Bacteria B. cereus strain 2 and B. agrestis in the cultivar Prata Anã and B. agrestis in BRS Princesa improved the acclimatization process of the seedlings in a floating hydroponic system. Stimulating plant growth, fresh weight and promoting root growth. The association of bacteria and hydroponics allowed the reduction of the seedling acclimatization period from 90 to 25 (Prata Anã) and 15 days (BRS Princesa).
{"title":"Association of growth-promoting bacteria and hydroponic system aiming at reducing the time of production of banana seedlings","authors":"Ronilson Carlos de Araújo, M. S. Ribeiro, F. A. Rodrigues, Bruna Santos Silva, J. Dória, M. Pasqual","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2022.2078965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2022.2078965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Banana micropropagation allows the production of vigorous and high-quality phytosanitary plants, which can be improved with the use of endophytic growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that stimulate the growth and development of plants. It is possible to associate them with hydroponics, allowing a high supply of seedlings and reducing the production cycle. The objective was to evaluate the effect of PGPB in a floating hydroponic system in the acclimatization phase of banana. The cultivars studied were Prata Anã and BRS Princesa. The treatments evaluated were as follows: control (nutrient broth without bacteria); Bacillus cereus strain 1 (BC1); Bacillus cereus strain 2 (BC2); Bacillus thuringiensis (BT); Buttiauxella agrestis (BA). Total height, pseudostem diameter, root length, number of leaves, fresh root mass, pseudostem, leaf and leaf area, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, leaf temperature and chlorophyll. Bacteria B. cereus strain 2 and B. agrestis in the cultivar Prata Anã and B. agrestis in BRS Princesa improved the acclimatization process of the seedlings in a floating hydroponic system. Stimulating plant growth, fresh weight and promoting root growth. The association of bacteria and hydroponics allowed the reduction of the seedling acclimatization period from 90 to 25 (Prata Anã) and 15 days (BRS Princesa).","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43342120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2228714
M. Haque, S. Akhter, J. Biswas, Eyakub Ali, M. Maniruzzaman, S. Akter, Z. Solaiman
ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission is mainly associated with aerobic crop culture, which is influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources, rates, placement methods, and water management systems. The influence of N fertilizers on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission patterns are not well documented in Asian region. The present investigation was undertaken to identify GHG emission patterns, net carbon budget, net global warming potential (GWP) and GHG intensity. N fertilizer from prilled urea (PU), urea super granule (USG) and N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) briquette (NPKB) were used and compared with control (no fertilizer). Equal nutrient doses were maintained for all the treatments irrespective of fertilizer sources. Static close chamber technique was used for measuring GHG emission. Depending on treatments, total methane (CH4), nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were 8.16–10.85, 0.57-0.49-0.59 and 1739–2309 kg ha−1 season−1, respectively and net GWPs varied from −1292 to −2438 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 season−1. Wheat grain yields significantly varied from 3.2 to 3.9 t ha−1 because of N sources and rates. Use of USG for wheat cultivation can increase CO2 removal about 22–88% from the atmosphere along with about 2–14% grain yield and 26–48% soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration improvements compared to other N sources in Bangladesh.
摘要一氧化二氮（N2O）的排放主要与有氧作物栽培有关，而有氧作物种植受氮（N）肥料来源、施用量、施用方法和水管理系统的影响。氮肥对温室气体排放模式的影响在亚洲地区没有很好的记录。本调查旨在确定温室气体排放模式、净碳预算、净全球变暖潜能值和温室气体强度。采用尿素颗粒（PU）、尿素超级颗粒（USG）和氮磷钾（K）成型块（NPKB）制成的氮肥，并与对照（不施肥）进行了比较。无论肥料来源如何，所有处理都保持相同的营养剂量。采用静态密闭室技术测量GHG排放。根据处理情况，甲烷（CH4）、一氧化二氮和二氧化碳（CO2）的总通量分别为8.16–10.85、0.57-0.49-0.59和1739–2309 kg ha−1季节−1，净全球升温潜能值从−1292到−2438不等 千克二氧化碳当量公顷−1季−1。由于氮的来源和比率，小麦产量在3.2至3.9 t ha−1之间存在显著差异。与孟加拉国的其他氮源相比，将USG用于小麦种植可以提高大气中二氧化碳的去除率约22-88%，粮食产量约2-14%，土壤有机碳（SOC）固存率提高26-48%。
{"title":"Influence of nitrogen sources on grain yield of wheat and net global warming potential","authors":"M. Haque, S. Akhter, J. Biswas, Eyakub Ali, M. Maniruzzaman, S. Akter, Z. Solaiman","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2228714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2228714","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission is mainly associated with aerobic crop culture, which is influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources, rates, placement methods, and water management systems. The influence of N fertilizers on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission patterns are not well documented in Asian region. The present investigation was undertaken to identify GHG emission patterns, net carbon budget, net global warming potential (GWP) and GHG intensity. N fertilizer from prilled urea (PU), urea super granule (USG) and N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) briquette (NPKB) were used and compared with control (no fertilizer). Equal nutrient doses were maintained for all the treatments irrespective of fertilizer sources. Static close chamber technique was used for measuring GHG emission. Depending on treatments, total methane (CH4), nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were 8.16–10.85, 0.57-0.49-0.59 and 1739–2309 kg ha−1 season−1, respectively and net GWPs varied from −1292 to −2438 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 season−1. Wheat grain yields significantly varied from 3.2 to 3.9 t ha−1 because of N sources and rates. Use of USG for wheat cultivation can increase CO2 removal about 22–88% from the atmosphere along with about 2–14% grain yield and 26–48% soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration improvements compared to other N sources in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46603245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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