Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2170362
C. B. Harisha, K. Meena, J. Rane, H. Halli, Boraiah Karnar Manjanna, B. S. Patil, Amaresh Chaudhary, V. Naik, Ajay M. Sorty
ABSTRACT Biopolymers (BP) are the unexploited eco–friendly microbial derivatives which regulate soil moisture and nutrient mobility. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two years (2017–18 and 2018–19) to determine the beneficial effects of BP in reducing nutrient stress and yield enhancement in turmeric. The study was laid out in a split-plot design with each of four levels of nutrients (control, 50%, 75%, and 100% of Recommended Dose of Nutrients; RDN) and BP (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg ha–1). Results indicated that BP application (7.5 kg ha–1) significantly improved the soil moisture content (40.31%) and microbial colonization (total microbes, N fixers, and P solubilizers). As a result, combined application BP with either 75% or 100% of RDN enhanced the photosynthesis (22.95–24.50 μmol m−2 s−1) and lowered the canopy temperature (24.47–24.67°C) of turmeric. Thus, higher yield (7.05–7.82 t ha−1) and partial factor productivity were achieved. Supplementing BP with 100% RDN enhances the turmeric yield by up to 29–49% over 100% RDN alone. Therefore, biopolymer maintains the equivalent turmeric yield of 100% RDN even at 25–50% less nutrients in the nutrient-poor soils of semi-arid Tropics.
生物聚合物(BP)是一种未开发的生态友好型微生物衍生物，可调节土壤水分和养分流动。因此，本研究在2017-18和2018-19年进行了为期两年的田间试验，以确定BP对姜黄降低营养胁迫和提高产量的有益效果。该研究采用了分图设计，每分四种营养水平(对照、50%、75%和100%推荐营养剂量;RDN)和BP(0、2.5、5.0和7.5 kg ha-1)。结果表明，施用BP (7.5 kg ha-1)显著提高了土壤含水量(40.31%)和微生物定植(总微生物、固氮剂和增磷剂)。结果表明，75%和100% RDN配施BP能提高姜黄的光合作用(22.95 ~ 24.50 μmol m−2 s−1)，降低姜黄的冠层温度(24.47 ~ 24.67℃)。因此，获得了更高的产量(7.05-7.82 t ha - 1)和部分要素生产率。与单独添加100% RDN相比，BP中添加100% RDN可使姜黄产量提高29-49%。因此，在半干旱的热带营养贫乏的土壤中，即使养分减少25-50%，生物聚合物也能保持相当于100% RDN的姜黄产量。
{"title":"Bacterial derived biopolymer to alleviate nutrient stress and yield enhancement in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) by mediating physiology and rhizosphere microbes on poor soils of semi-arid tropics","authors":"C. B. Harisha, K. Meena, J. Rane, H. Halli, Boraiah Karnar Manjanna, B. S. Patil, Amaresh Chaudhary, V. Naik, Ajay M. Sorty","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2170362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2170362","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biopolymers (BP) are the unexploited eco–friendly microbial derivatives which regulate soil moisture and nutrient mobility. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two years (2017–18 and 2018–19) to determine the beneficial effects of BP in reducing nutrient stress and yield enhancement in turmeric. The study was laid out in a split-plot design with each of four levels of nutrients (control, 50%, 75%, and 100% of Recommended Dose of Nutrients; RDN) and BP (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg ha–1). Results indicated that BP application (7.5 kg ha–1) significantly improved the soil moisture content (40.31%) and microbial colonization (total microbes, N fixers, and P solubilizers). As a result, combined application BP with either 75% or 100% of RDN enhanced the photosynthesis (22.95–24.50 μmol m−2 s−1) and lowered the canopy temperature (24.47–24.67°C) of turmeric. Thus, higher yield (7.05–7.82 t ha−1) and partial factor productivity were achieved. Supplementing BP with 100% RDN enhances the turmeric yield by up to 29–49% over 100% RDN alone. Therefore, biopolymer maintains the equivalent turmeric yield of 100% RDN even at 25–50% less nutrients in the nutrient-poor soils of semi-arid Tropics.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2171019
A. Sungur, E. Temel, T. Everest, M. Soylak, H. Özcan
ABSTRACT The effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in an apple orchard soils were investigated. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from the apple orchards with two different soil textures located on the same geomorphological unit in Çanakkale, Turkey. A wet digestion was used to determine total trace metal concentrations, and a sequential extraction method was used to determine geochemical fractions of the metals. According to average total concentrations of all metals, except Pb, were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in clay soils. Sequential extraction analysis showed that potential mobile fractions were ordered as Cd (68.8%) > Pb (52.4%) > Cu (42.0%) > Zn (34.8%) > Ni (32.3%) > Cr (22.9%) in clay soils and as Cd (61.6%) > Pb (51.6%) > Cu (40.2%) > Zn (30.7%) > Ni (30.8%) > Cr (24.9%) in loamy soils. The results revealed that all metals, except Pb, in exchangeable/acid soluble, oxidizable and, potential mobile fractions were found to be significantly higher in clay soils (p < 0.05). It was figured out that clay contents played an effective role in total concentrations of metals and their distribution in geochemical fractions.
{"title":"Effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in the soil of apple orchards (Çanakkale, NW Turkey)","authors":"A. Sungur, E. Temel, T. Everest, M. Soylak, H. Özcan","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2171019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2171019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in an apple orchard soils were investigated. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from the apple orchards with two different soil textures located on the same geomorphological unit in Çanakkale, Turkey. A wet digestion was used to determine total trace metal concentrations, and a sequential extraction method was used to determine geochemical fractions of the metals. According to average total concentrations of all metals, except Pb, were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in clay soils. Sequential extraction analysis showed that potential mobile fractions were ordered as Cd (68.8%) > Pb (52.4%) > Cu (42.0%) > Zn (34.8%) > Ni (32.3%) > Cr (22.9%) in clay soils and as Cd (61.6%) > Pb (51.6%) > Cu (40.2%) > Zn (30.7%) > Ni (30.8%) > Cr (24.9%) in loamy soils. The results revealed that all metals, except Pb, in exchangeable/acid soluble, oxidizable and, potential mobile fractions were found to be significantly higher in clay soils (p < 0.05). It was figured out that clay contents played an effective role in total concentrations of metals and their distribution in geochemical fractions.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45507748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2171020
Pedro Cairo-Cairo, Bladimir Diaz-Martin, Joaquin Machado-de-Armas, O. Rodríguez-Lopez
ABSTRACT Adequate use of poultry manure under tropical conditions can contribute to the recovery of degraded soils. The objective was to evaluate the effect of poultry manure on structure and some indicators of fertility in tropical soils such as Inceptisol Mollic Eutrudept Ustept, Inceptisol Ustept, Rhodic Eutrustox, Pellic Vertisol Typic Hapluster and Aquic Plinthic Kandiustalf. Five experiments were established under controlled conditions, one in each soil, using samples of 0–20 cm soil depth. The treatments were: control without the application of poultry manure, 2 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 4 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 6 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 8 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 10 t ha−1 of poultry manure. The results showed increases in pH and organic matter that contributed to greater availability of phosphorus and potassium, as well as improvements in soil structure and stability. The best results of the application of poultry manure were obtained using 6 t ha−1. The R2 values of 0.93 (pH versus assimilable potassium), 0.77 (organic matter versus structure factor) and 0.67 (pH versus assimilable phosphorus) indicated that poultry manure can achieve effects on the recovery of degraded soils regardless of the type and content of clay.
摘要：在热带条件下充分利用家禽粪便有助于恢复退化土壤。目的是评估家禽粪便对热带土壤结构和一些肥力指标的影响，如Inceptisol Mollic Eutrudept Ustept、Inceptisor Ustept，Rhodic Eutrustox、Pellic Vertisol Typic Hapstluster和Aquic Plinthic Kandiustalf。在受控条件下建立了五个实验，每个土壤一个，使用0–20 cm土壤深度的样本。处理为：不施用家禽粪便的对照，2 t ha−1家禽粪便，4 t ha−2家禽粪便，6 t ha−3家禽粪便，8 t ha−4家禽粪便，10 t ha−5家禽粪便。结果表明，pH值和有机质的增加有助于提高磷和钾的有效性，并改善土壤结构和稳定性。施用家禽粪便的最佳结果是使用6t ha−1。R2值0.93（pH与可同化钾）、0.77（有机质与结构因子）和0.67（pH与可同化磷）表明，无论粘土的类型和含量如何，家禽粪便都能对退化土壤的恢复产生影响。
{"title":"Effects of poultry manure on structure and some indicators of fertility in tropical soils","authors":"Pedro Cairo-Cairo, Bladimir Diaz-Martin, Joaquin Machado-de-Armas, O. Rodríguez-Lopez","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2171020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2171020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adequate use of poultry manure under tropical conditions can contribute to the recovery of degraded soils. The objective was to evaluate the effect of poultry manure on structure and some indicators of fertility in tropical soils such as Inceptisol Mollic Eutrudept Ustept, Inceptisol Ustept, Rhodic Eutrustox, Pellic Vertisol Typic Hapluster and Aquic Plinthic Kandiustalf. Five experiments were established under controlled conditions, one in each soil, using samples of 0–20 cm soil depth. The treatments were: control without the application of poultry manure, 2 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 4 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 6 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 8 t ha−1 of poultry manure, 10 t ha−1 of poultry manure. The results showed increases in pH and organic matter that contributed to greater availability of phosphorus and potassium, as well as improvements in soil structure and stability. The best results of the application of poultry manure were obtained using 6 t ha−1. The R2 values of 0.93 (pH versus assimilable potassium), 0.77 (organic matter versus structure factor) and 0.67 (pH versus assimilable phosphorus) indicated that poultry manure can achieve effects on the recovery of degraded soils regardless of the type and content of clay.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44070510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2169915
Jing Zhang, Huimin Liu, X. Wei, Z. Guo
ABSTRACT This study focused on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRDI) on N-fixing crops available soil P. A three-year field experiment was designed with two irrigation methods and four irrigation volumes. Two irrigation methods consisted of PRDI and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), and four irrigation volumes were set as 70% ETc (alfalfa water requirement), 85% ETc, 100% ETc and 115% ETc. This study showed that the PRDI had no effect on alfalfa seasonal forage yield but increased alfalfa P uptake. The PRDI decreased the soil available P content and stock but had no effect on the total P content and stock, which demonstrates that effect of PRDI on crop available soil P was different when different P forms were used to estimate crop available soil P. This study also showed that the variation in the coefficient was below 3% between soil P (available or total P) contents and soil P stocks, indicating that soil P contents and stocks were similar when estimating alfalfa available soil P under PRDI conditions. The findings of this study present a pattern of estimating the N-fixing crops available soil P in relation to PRDI.
{"title":"Effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRDI) on alfalfa available soil P","authors":"Jing Zhang, Huimin Liu, X. Wei, Z. Guo","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2169915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2169915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focused on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRDI) on N-fixing crops available soil P. A three-year field experiment was designed with two irrigation methods and four irrigation volumes. Two irrigation methods consisted of PRDI and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), and four irrigation volumes were set as 70% ETc (alfalfa water requirement), 85% ETc, 100% ETc and 115% ETc. This study showed that the PRDI had no effect on alfalfa seasonal forage yield but increased alfalfa P uptake. The PRDI decreased the soil available P content and stock but had no effect on the total P content and stock, which demonstrates that effect of PRDI on crop available soil P was different when different P forms were used to estimate crop available soil P. This study also showed that the variation in the coefficient was below 3% between soil P (available or total P) contents and soil P stocks, indicating that soil P contents and stocks were similar when estimating alfalfa available soil P under PRDI conditions. The findings of this study present a pattern of estimating the N-fixing crops available soil P in relation to PRDI.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2169281
Ye Sha, Z. Hao, Zheng Liu, Yiwen Huang, G. Feng, Fanjun Chen, G. Mi
ABSTRACT A two-year field experiment was conducted to elucidate the adaptive growth mechanism of maize under strip-till (ST) compared with conventional-till (CT). The biomass accumulation of ST plants was significantly lower than CT until V14 (14th leaf), but restored thereafter with one below-ear-node leaf reduced. At silking, the accumulation of nitrogen (N) was reduced by 8.3–10.7% compared to CT. During post-silking, vegetative-N remobilization was reduced by 20.4%, post-silking N uptake increased by 33.9% in ST compared to CT. Leaf senescence was delayed and more green leaf area at physiological maturity in ST. It is concluded that ST plants have the mechanism of ‘Recovery Growth Adaptation’ to get the similar yield as in CT plants: (1) facilitating growth rate at around V14 when the soil temperature was greatly improved to stabilize ear growth and grain number; (2) getting to silking the same time as in CT plants, so as to ensure the duration of grain filling; (3) increasing post-silking N uptake to fulfill the demand of grain development and reduce leaf N remobilization, so as to maintain leaf function and increase thousand-grain weight, which compensate for the loss of grain number per ear.
{"title":"Regulation of maize growth, nutrient accumulation and remobilization in relation to yield formation under strip-till system","authors":"Ye Sha, Z. Hao, Zheng Liu, Yiwen Huang, G. Feng, Fanjun Chen, G. Mi","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2169281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2169281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A two-year field experiment was conducted to elucidate the adaptive growth mechanism of maize under strip-till (ST) compared with conventional-till (CT). The biomass accumulation of ST plants was significantly lower than CT until V14 (14th leaf), but restored thereafter with one below-ear-node leaf reduced. At silking, the accumulation of nitrogen (N) was reduced by 8.3–10.7% compared to CT. During post-silking, vegetative-N remobilization was reduced by 20.4%, post-silking N uptake increased by 33.9% in ST compared to CT. Leaf senescence was delayed and more green leaf area at physiological maturity in ST. It is concluded that ST plants have the mechanism of ‘Recovery Growth Adaptation’ to get the similar yield as in CT plants: (1) facilitating growth rate at around V14 when the soil temperature was greatly improved to stabilize ear growth and grain number; (2) getting to silking the same time as in CT plants, so as to ensure the duration of grain filling; (3) increasing post-silking N uptake to fulfill the demand of grain development and reduce leaf N remobilization, so as to maintain leaf function and increase thousand-grain weight, which compensate for the loss of grain number per ear.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42477030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2165645
Meng Xiao, Guangming Liu, Xuewei Guan, Jinbiao Li, Jinlin Chen, R. Yao, Jingsong Yang, Weixia Sun
ABSTRACT The improvement effect of willow (Salix matsudana cv. zhuliu) cultivation on coastal saline soil and the main factors affecting soil properties were studied. Three treatments were designed: willow seeding site (SS), willow afforestation site (AS) and natural control site (CK). The results showed that soil pH and ECe decreased from 8.50 to 7.43 and from 6.8 dS/m to 0.8 dS/m at 0–20 cm layer, respectively. Willow cultivation significantly increased soil organic matter both in SS (3.64 g kg−1 – 4.05 g kg −1) and AS (2.82 g kg−1 – 3.92 g kg −1) treatments. The soil total nitrogen and available potassium of different treatments were increased with time and ranked AS > SS > CK. The AS16 treatment has a higher soil enzyme activity (soil urease, catalase, sucrase and phosphatase) and soil microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes). Redundancy analysis suggested that soil pH and salinity were the key factors (85.4%) determining soil microbial quantities. Principal component analysis showed that the soil improvement by willow cultivation was significantly affected by soil enzyme activity, and AS16 had a better effect on costal saline soil especially in reducing soil salinity and improving microbial environment
摘要研究了朱柳对滨海盐渍土的改良效果及影响土壤性质的主要因素。设计了三个处理：柳树播种点（SS）、柳树造林点（AS）和自然对照点（CK）。结果表明，在0–20cm土层，土壤pH和ECe分别从8.50降至7.43和从6.8dS/m降至0.8dS/m。柳树栽培显著增加了SS（3.64 g kg−1–4.05 g kg−2）和AS（2.82 g kg−3.92 g kg–1）处理的土壤有机质。不同处理的土壤总氮和有效钾均随时间的推移而增加，排序为AS>SS>CK。AS16处理具有较高的土壤酶活性（土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶）和土壤微生物种群（细菌、真菌和放线菌）。冗余度分析表明，土壤pH和盐度是决定土壤微生物数量的关键因素（85.4%）。主成分分析表明，柳树栽培对土壤的改良受土壤酶活性的显著影响，AS16对滨海盐渍土的改良效果较好，尤其是在降低土壤盐分和改善微生物环境方面
{"title":"Effects of willow cultivation on chemical and biological properties in coastal saline soil","authors":"Meng Xiao, Guangming Liu, Xuewei Guan, Jinbiao Li, Jinlin Chen, R. Yao, Jingsong Yang, Weixia Sun","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2165645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2165645","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The improvement effect of willow (Salix matsudana cv. zhuliu) cultivation on coastal saline soil and the main factors affecting soil properties were studied. Three treatments were designed: willow seeding site (SS), willow afforestation site (AS) and natural control site (CK). The results showed that soil pH and ECe decreased from 8.50 to 7.43 and from 6.8 dS/m to 0.8 dS/m at 0–20 cm layer, respectively. Willow cultivation significantly increased soil organic matter both in SS (3.64 g kg−1 – 4.05 g kg −1) and AS (2.82 g kg−1 – 3.92 g kg −1) treatments. The soil total nitrogen and available potassium of different treatments were increased with time and ranked AS > SS > CK. The AS16 treatment has a higher soil enzyme activity (soil urease, catalase, sucrase and phosphatase) and soil microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes). Redundancy analysis suggested that soil pH and salinity were the key factors (85.4%) determining soil microbial quantities. Principal component analysis showed that the soil improvement by willow cultivation was significantly affected by soil enzyme activity, and AS16 had a better effect on costal saline soil especially in reducing soil salinity and improving microbial environment","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2165066
Na Shou, Wei Gao, C. Jiang, Renshi Ma, Samaila Usman, Xian-long Yang
ABSTRACT Appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can improve crop yield, increase N-use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. A two-year field experiment was performed to explore the influences of N fertilizer rates on dry matter yield, crop N removal, N-use efficiency and apparent N budget. Five N application rates, i.e. 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N ha−1 (referred to as N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280) were tested. The application of fertilizer N markedly increased the dry matter yield of forage maize, which was highest for N210 with a two-year average of 22.6 t ha−1. The N210 treatment increased crop N removal by 34.9% on average compared with N0. As the N rate increased, soil nitrate-N accumulation increased exponentially, apparent N loss increased linearly and agronomic efficiency clearly decreased. The apparent N loss and soil nitrate-N accumulation decreased by 19.4% and 19.0%, respectively, and partial-factor productivity increased by 24.5% under the N rate that maximizes profit (195.1 kg ha−1) in comparison with those under the N rate that maximizes yield (244.4 kg ha−1). The N rate (195.1 kg ha−1) is recommended to maximize profit and minimize environmental costs in forage maize production in the semi-arid region in China.
适量施用氮肥可以提高作物产量，提高氮素利用效率，减少环境污染。通过两年的田间试验，探讨了施氮量对干物质产量、作物氮去除率、氮利用效率和表观氮收支的影响。试验了5种施氮量，即0、70、140、210和280 kg N ha−1（称为N0、N70、N140、N210和N280）。施用氮肥显著提高了饲草玉米的干物质产量，其中N210产量最高，两年平均产量为22.6 t ha−1。与N0相比，N210处理使作物氮去除率平均提高34.9%。随着施氮量的增加，土壤硝态氮积累呈指数级增加，表观氮损失呈线性增加，农艺效率明显下降。与产量最大化的施氮量（244.4 kg ha−1）相比，利润最大化的施氮量（195.1 kg ha−2）下，表观氮损失和土壤硝态氮积累分别减少了19.4%和19.0%，部分要素生产率提高了24.5%。在中国半干旱地区，为了使饲料玉米生产的利润最大化和环境成本最小化，建议采用氮肥（195.1 kg ha−1）。
{"title":"Optimizing nitrogen fertilization for forage maize production to maximize profit and minimize environmental costs in a rainfed region in China","authors":"Na Shou, Wei Gao, C. Jiang, Renshi Ma, Samaila Usman, Xian-long Yang","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2165066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2165066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can improve crop yield, increase N-use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. A two-year field experiment was performed to explore the influences of N fertilizer rates on dry matter yield, crop N removal, N-use efficiency and apparent N budget. Five N application rates, i.e. 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N ha−1 (referred to as N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280) were tested. The application of fertilizer N markedly increased the dry matter yield of forage maize, which was highest for N210 with a two-year average of 22.6 t ha−1. The N210 treatment increased crop N removal by 34.9% on average compared with N0. As the N rate increased, soil nitrate-N accumulation increased exponentially, apparent N loss increased linearly and agronomic efficiency clearly decreased. The apparent N loss and soil nitrate-N accumulation decreased by 19.4% and 19.0%, respectively, and partial-factor productivity increased by 24.5% under the N rate that maximizes profit (195.1 kg ha−1) in comparison with those under the N rate that maximizes yield (244.4 kg ha−1). The N rate (195.1 kg ha−1) is recommended to maximize profit and minimize environmental costs in forage maize production in the semi-arid region in China.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49040070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2022.2164571
D. Rajkhowa, K. Mahanta, M. Kumar, A. Das, A. Sharma, Krisnappa Rangappa, U. S. Saikia
ABSTRACT Weed management in upland rice under subtropical climate with high rainfall is challenging. The diverse weed flora in upland rice ecosystem emerges in several flushes, necessitating sequential application of herbicides. A 4-year study conducted in Meghalaya (950 m above sea level), India indicated that sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl [2-{4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy} propionic acid, butyl ester (R)], a grass weed killer high efficacy low volume herbicide applied 80 g ha−1 at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and 2,4-D, a broadleaf weed killer herbicide applied 0.75 kg ha−1 at 35 DAS was effective for weed control and produced significantly higher grain yield (3572 kg ha−1) of rice with the highest weed control efficiencies than other treatments. Application of Pretilachlor followed by (fb) 2,4-D or Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl fb 2,4-D yielded significantly higher chlrophyll (chl) a, chl b and total leaf chl content compared with other herbicides at 90 DAS. The highest net energy (111,443 MJ ha−1), energy profitability and benefit:cost ratio was recorded with sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D. Thus, sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D could provide a sustainable weed management option in upland rice under high rainfall conditions in the Eastern Himalayas, India.
亚热带多雨气候下旱地水稻杂草管理具有挑战性。旱地水稻生态系统杂草区系的多样性是分几期出现的，需要连续施用除草剂。在印度梅加拉亚邦(海拔950米)进行的一项为期4年的研究表明，在播种后25天连续施用Cyhalofop丁基[2-{4-(4-氰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基丙酸丁基酯[R]，这是一种高效小体积除草剂，每次施用80 gha - 1 (DAS)和2,4- d，在35 DAS施用0.75 kg ha - 1的阔叶除草剂对杂草控制有效，水稻产量显著提高(3572 kg ha - 1)，防杂草效率最高。与其他除草剂相比，在90 DAS时，先施用(fb) 2,4- d或Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl fb 2,4- d的叶叶绿素(chl) a、chl b和叶片总chl含量显著高于其他除草剂。连续施用溴化丁基和2,4- d时，记录了最高的净能量(111,443 MJ ha - 1)、能量盈利能力和效益:成本比。因此，在印度东喜马拉雅地区高降雨条件下，连续施用氯氟草酰丁基和2,4- d可以为旱稻提供可持续的杂草管理选择。
{"title":"Effect of herbicides on weed dynamics, soil fertility, energetics and productivity of upland rice in an acidic subtropical soil of the Eastern Himalayas, India","authors":"D. Rajkhowa, K. Mahanta, M. Kumar, A. Das, A. Sharma, Krisnappa Rangappa, U. S. Saikia","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2022.2164571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2022.2164571","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Weed management in upland rice under subtropical climate with high rainfall is challenging. The diverse weed flora in upland rice ecosystem emerges in several flushes, necessitating sequential application of herbicides. A 4-year study conducted in Meghalaya (950 m above sea level), India indicated that sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl [2-{4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy} propionic acid, butyl ester (R)], a grass weed killer high efficacy low volume herbicide applied 80 g ha−1 at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and 2,4-D, a broadleaf weed killer herbicide applied 0.75 kg ha−1 at 35 DAS was effective for weed control and produced significantly higher grain yield (3572 kg ha−1) of rice with the highest weed control efficiencies than other treatments. Application of Pretilachlor followed by (fb) 2,4-D or Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl fb 2,4-D yielded significantly higher chlrophyll (chl) a, chl b and total leaf chl content compared with other herbicides at 90 DAS. The highest net energy (111,443 MJ ha−1), energy profitability and benefit:cost ratio was recorded with sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D. Thus, sequential application of Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D could provide a sustainable weed management option in upland rice under high rainfall conditions in the Eastern Himalayas, India.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46075759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2022.2155634
R. Yadav, T. Purakayastha, R. Das, Alimuddin Khan
ABSTRACT The objective was to study the impact of ten year’s manuring and fertilization on chemical stability of clay-organic complex (COC) in rice−potato−wheat (R–P–W) and maize−potato−onion (M–P–O) cropping systems. Soil samples were collected from the control, 100% NPK–Fertilizer, 100% N–Vermicompost (VC), 50% NPK–Fertilizer + 50% N–VC, 100% NPK–Fertilizer + crop residue (CR), 100% N–VC + CR. The stability (1/k) of humus C i.e. inverse of humus desorption rate constant (k) in hours (h), in COC was higher in 100% N–VC an1d 00% N–VC + CR in both the cropping systems. The C:N ratio of humic acid (HA) was also higher in the treatments receiving full organics (100% N–VC and 100% N–VC + CR) and showed positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the humus C stability in COC. Long-term manuring treatments created C = N and C–O stretching of aromatic ether in HA extracted from 100% NPK–VC and other selected treatments in both the cropping systems. 100% N–VC and 100%N–VC + CR produced higher stability of humus-C in Inceptisol. The R–P–W imparted higher stability of humus C than M–P–O cropping system.
摘要本研究旨在研究10年施肥对水稻-马铃薯-小麦(R-P-W)和玉米-马铃薯-洋葱(M-P-O)种植体系中粘土-有机复合体(COC)化学稳定性的影响。对照、100%氮磷肥、100% n -蚯蚓堆肥、50%氮磷肥+ 50%氮磷肥、100%氮磷肥+作物残茬(CR)、100%氮磷肥+作物残茬(CR)土壤样品的COC稳定性(1/k)，即腐殖质解吸速率常数(k)的反比(h)，在100%氮磷肥和100%氮磷肥+ CR两种种植制度下均较高。全有机物处理(100% N - vc和100% N - vc + CR)腐殖酸(HA)的C:N比也较高，且与COC中腐殖酸C稳定性呈显著正相关(p < 0.05)。在两种种植制度下，长期施肥处理和其他选择处理均使100% NPK-VC提取的HA中芳香醚的C = N和C - o伸展。100% N-VC和100% N-VC + CR在初始醇中腐殖质- c的稳定性更高。R-P-W比M-P-O更有利于腐殖质碳的稳定性。
{"title":"Impact of long-term manuring and cropping system on stability of humus associated with clay-organic complex","authors":"R. Yadav, T. Purakayastha, R. Das, Alimuddin Khan","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2022.2155634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2022.2155634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective was to study the impact of ten year’s manuring and fertilization on chemical stability of clay-organic complex (COC) in rice−potato−wheat (R–P–W) and maize−potato−onion (M–P–O) cropping systems. Soil samples were collected from the control, 100% NPK–Fertilizer, 100% N–Vermicompost (VC), 50% NPK–Fertilizer + 50% N–VC, 100% NPK–Fertilizer + crop residue (CR), 100% N–VC + CR. The stability (1/k) of humus C i.e. inverse of humus desorption rate constant (k) in hours (h), in COC was higher in 100% N–VC an1d 00% N–VC + CR in both the cropping systems. The C:N ratio of humic acid (HA) was also higher in the treatments receiving full organics (100% N–VC and 100% N–VC + CR) and showed positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the humus C stability in COC. Long-term manuring treatments created C = N and C–O stretching of aromatic ether in HA extracted from 100% NPK–VC and other selected treatments in both the cropping systems. 100% N–VC and 100%N–VC + CR produced higher stability of humus-C in Inceptisol. The R–P–W imparted higher stability of humus C than M–P–O cropping system.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41685928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2022.2161092
Alba Llovet, Andrea Vidal-Durà, J. Alcañiz, À. Ribas, X. Domene
ABSTRACT Biochar, a carbon-rich solid produced from biomass pyrolysis, has attracted growing interest as a fertiliser ingredient due to its ability to non-permanently retain nutrients. A greenhouse pot experiment was set up to compare three commercial organo-mineral fertiliser formulations (NPK, NP and K) with the corresponding formulations containing a slow-pyrolysis wood biochar (NPK+B, NP+B and K+B) (6 replications each). Nutrient leaching as well as crop growth and nutrient uptake was monitored using barley as model species. Nutrient leaching was slowed down in the NPK+B compared to the NPK fertiliser. The most responsive ions were nitrate and potassium, whose leaching during the two first weeks was reduced by 28% and 22%, respectively, while this trend reversed from the third week on. One plausible explanation would be a microbial nutrient immobilisation mediated by the concurrent NPK and biochar habitat provision. NPK+B significantly enhanced barley straw biomass (23.43% increase respect to NPK), whereas all the biochar-based fertilisers showed increases in nutrient content and export (involving potassium, sulphur, calcium and manganese), possibly indicating that biochar acted as a nutrient source. These results provide some evidence of the potential use of the studied biochar in biochar-based fertilisers to meet nutrient availability with plant demands.
{"title":"Biochar addition to organo-mineral fertilisers delays nutrient leaching and enhances barley nutrient content","authors":"Alba Llovet, Andrea Vidal-Durà, J. Alcañiz, À. Ribas, X. Domene","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2022.2161092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2022.2161092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biochar, a carbon-rich solid produced from biomass pyrolysis, has attracted growing interest as a fertiliser ingredient due to its ability to non-permanently retain nutrients. A greenhouse pot experiment was set up to compare three commercial organo-mineral fertiliser formulations (NPK, NP and K) with the corresponding formulations containing a slow-pyrolysis wood biochar (NPK+B, NP+B and K+B) (6 replications each). Nutrient leaching as well as crop growth and nutrient uptake was monitored using barley as model species. Nutrient leaching was slowed down in the NPK+B compared to the NPK fertiliser. The most responsive ions were nitrate and potassium, whose leaching during the two first weeks was reduced by 28% and 22%, respectively, while this trend reversed from the third week on. One plausible explanation would be a microbial nutrient immobilisation mediated by the concurrent NPK and biochar habitat provision. NPK+B significantly enhanced barley straw biomass (23.43% increase respect to NPK), whereas all the biochar-based fertilisers showed increases in nutrient content and export (involving potassium, sulphur, calcium and manganese), possibly indicating that biochar acted as a nutrient source. These results provide some evidence of the potential use of the studied biochar in biochar-based fertilisers to meet nutrient availability with plant demands.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42603388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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