Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition最新文献

Objective: The James Lind Alliance (JLA) Most Premature Babies Priority Setting Partnership aimed to identify the most important areas for research for infants born <25 weeks' gestation.

Design: Employing standardised JLA methodology, questions for research were sought from stakeholders via an online survey. Summary questions were formed and checked against existing evidence, with unanswered questions compiled into a second shortlisting survey for prioritisation by stakeholders. A stakeholder consensus workshop was held to determine the top 10 research priorities.

Participants: People with lived experience of neonatal intensive care, including parents/carers of preterm infants and adults born preterm, and healthcare professionals caring for preterm infants across Australia, New Zealand and the UK.

Main outcome measure: The top 10 research priorities for infants born <25 weeks' gestation.

Results: From 844 questions received from the initial survey, 81 summary questions were formed, of which 80 were unanswered and included in the second shortlisting survey. The 19 top-ranked questions were taken to the final prioritisation workshop, where the top 10 research priorities were determined by people with lived experience and healthcare professionals. The most important research question identified was 'What can be done in the neonatal intensive care unit to improve long-term health and developmental outcomes?'. Other important areas for research included antenatal interventions and neonatal care at birth, preventing intraventricular haemorrhages, managing pain, postnatal corticosteroid treatment and supporting families.

Conclusions: This study identified the most important areas of research for infants born <25 weeks' gestation, as determined jointly by stakeholders. These findings should be used to guide future research and funding aimed at improving meaningful outcomes for these infants and their families.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of T-piece resuscitator (TPR) and self-inflating bag (SIB) for resuscitation of preterm neonates in the delivery room.

Settings: Level III neonatal intensive care unit in North India.

Design: Open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Patient: Preterm neonates of>26-34 weeks of gestation requiring positive pressure ventilation (PPV) at birth.

Intervention: Neonates needing PPV at birth were identified using Neonatal Resuscitation Programme guidelines, 2020, and resuscitated using either TPR or SIB as per permuted block random sequence.

Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was need for delivery room endotracheal intubation. Secondary outcomes were duration of PPV, oxygen saturation (SpO2) at 2 and 5 min, time to spontaneous respiration and heart rate>100 beats per minute.

Results: Mean gestation age (weeks; 30±2.1 vs 31±2) and birth weight (g; 1400±408 vs 1450±427) were comparable. Of the total 120, 8 (13.7%) in the TPR group versus 19 (30.6%) neonates in the SIB group were intubated in the delivery room (risk difference (95% CI), -0.16 (-0.31 to -0.02); p=0.03). SpO2 mean (SD) at 5 min in TPR group and SIB group were 82.9±8.7% and 78.9±12.1%, respectively; mean difference (95% CI), 3.99 (0.15 to 7.83); p=0.04). Median (IQR) of combined Apgar at 5 min in TPR group and SIB group were 13 (12-14) and 12 (10-13), p 0.02. Other outcomes were comparable.

Conclusion: TPR is more efficacious than SIB in terms of lesser delivery room intubation and better SpO2 at 5 min in preterm neonates.

Aim: To determine how different cord clamping strategies affect cerebral oxygenation in the first 15 min after birth in preterm infants.

Methods: A post-hoc secondary outcome analysis of a multicentre prospective randomised clinical trial (COSGOD III) conducted between October 2017 and October 2021 in 11 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in six countries in Europe and in Canada. In the present ancillary study, all included premature neonates (<32 weeks gestation) were retrospectively assigned to three groups according to the timing of cord clamping (G1<30 s, G2 30-60 s, G3>30 s). The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (crSO₂) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) within the first 15 min after birth in preterm neonates based on the timing of cord clamping.

Results: 572 infants (n=339 (G1), n=164 (G2) and n=69 (G3)) were included in the final ancillary analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in crSO₂ and cFTOE between the three groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in neonatal morbidities, particularly importantly in the degree of cerebral injury, as measured by any degree of intraventricular haemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia.

Conclusions: No significant differences in crSO₂ and cFTOE during the first 15 min after birth were observed; however, some effect may have been modified by protocol-guided titration of supplemental oxygen in the intervention arm. Thus, in our study, we did not find a correlation between deferred cord clamping and improved cerebral oxygenation immediately after birth.

Trial registration number: NCT03166722.

Introduction: Intubation is most often performed electively by anaesthetists in controlled conditions in operating theatres. In neonates, however, it is most often performed by neonatologists or paediatricians in urgent circumstances in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or delivery room (DR). Neonatal intubation is a difficult skill to learn and maintain, and success rates are suboptimal both in the NICU and DR. Video laryngoscopy (VL) has the potential to increase intubation success and safety as it may offer a better view of the airway, which can be shared by the intubator and other clinicians.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of using VL to direct laryngoscopy (DL) for intubation of neonates in the NICU and DR.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL up to August 2024 without language restrictions.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, cluster-RCTs or cross-over trials that compared VL to DL for intubation of neonates outside of the neonatal operating theatre.

Main results: VL improves first attempt intubation success rates, 849 intubations (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.75), with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 6.

Conclusions: VL improves intubation success rates without increasing adverse events and should be the standard of care for neonatal intubations in the NICU and DR.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of barriers and facilitators to the practice of neonatal Family Integrated Care (FICare) from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Design: A systematic search strategy was developed to identify qualitative studies exploring neonatal HCPs' views of any of the principles of FICare. Six literature databases (CINAHL, (Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched using the terms Healthcare Professionals, Neonatal, Environment, FICare, Education, Well-being, Culture, Partnership and Empowerment. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were thematically analysed.

Results: 11032 titles and abstracts and 85 full-text papers were screened. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and reported interviews with 1243 HCPs, predominantly nurses. Three themes were synthesised in relation to barriers and facilitators: (1) 'advocacy and acknowledgement', whereby HCPs are expected to advocate for the emotional and mental health of the whole family, not solely the baby's needs; (2) 'belief and behaviour', whereby the degree to which FICare is practised is dependent on HCPs' belief in its benefits in relation to other activities; (3) 'conditions and consistency', whereby a lack of space, resources, policy and consistent practice of FICare created apathy and contradictory approaches to care.

Conclusion: Although HCPs see value in FICare, successful implementation is multifactorial and requires the expectation to deliver FICare to be aligned with resourcing at the hospital, team and individual levels. Shifting the practice paradigm to FICare remains challenging for some HCPs. Greater understanding of HCPs' views on barriers, facilitators and how FICare practice impacts individuals is required.