Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.007
Revathi Shanmugasundaram, Adeleye M Ajao, Shahna Fathima, Adelumola Oladeinde, Ramesh K Selvaraj, Todd J Applegate, Oluyinka A Olukosi
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with canola meal (CM) or corn-distillers' dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) in reduced-protein (RP) diets for Eimeria-infected broilers. A total of 1120 broiler chicks were distributed in a 4 × 2 (4 diets × with or without infection) factorial arrangement with 7 replicates per treatment and 20 birds per replicate. The 4 diets, fed between d 7 and 42, were (i) a standard diet with crude protein at 200 g/kg (SP); (ii) a RP (crude protein at 160 g/kg) corn-SBM diet (RP-SBM); (iii) a RP diet in which 80 g/kg CM replaced 60 g/kg SBM (RP-CM); and (iv) a RP diet in which 100 g/kg cDDGS replaced 50 g/kg SBM (RP-cDDGS). On d 15, birds were infected with mixed Eimeria (+E) oocysts. Birds and feed were weighed at intervals for growth performance, and samples for immunology responses were collected on d 21. The results showed as follows: 1) during the acute infection phase, diet × Eimeria infection was shown by the diets having no effect in the uninfected group. In contrast, the RP-SBM diet tended to produce higher (P < 0.10) weight gain among the infected birds. The d 42 body weight was greater (P = 0.001) for the uninfected birds. 2) There was a significant diet × Eimeria infection on bile anti-Eimeria immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations (P = 0.015), splenocyte proliferation, macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production (P < 0.001), and cecal tonsil interleukin (IL)-17 mRNA amounts (P < 0.001). Most of these responses were not influenced by the diets in the uninfected birds. However, among the infected birds, birds fed RP-SBM had higher (P < 0.05) bile IgA than those fed SP or RP-cDDGS. For the spleen, the interaction was that birds fed RP-SBM or RP-cDDGS diets had the highest or lowest NO production, respectively, and birds that received RP-SBM had greater (P < 0.05) splenic CD8+:CD4+ cell ratio than other diets. In conclusion, partial replacement of SBM with CM or cDDGS had only a marginal effect on d 42 body weight and FCR of the broiler chickens receiving the RP diets. In contrast, these had a negative impact on the immune responses of the broiler chickens.
本试验旨在研究在低蛋白（RP）饲粮中用菜籽粕（CM）或玉米酒糟干物（cDDGS）部分替代豆粕（SBM）对艾美耳菌感染肉鸡的影响。试验选用1120只肉鸡，采用4 × 2（4种饲粮×感染或未感染）因子试验，每个处理7个重复，每个重复20只鸡。饲喂7 ~ 42 d的4种饲粮分别为：(i)标准饲粮，粗蛋白质水平为200 g/kg (SP)；（ii） RP （160 g/kg粗蛋白质）玉米- sbm饲粮（RP- sbm）；（iii）用80 g/kg CM替代60 g/kg SBM （RP-CM）的RP日粮；（iv）以100 g/kg cDDGS替代50 g/kg SBM （RP-cDDGS）的RP日粮。在第15天，禽类感染混合艾美耳球虫（+E）卵囊。每隔一段时间称量雏鸟和饲料的生长性能，并于第21天采集免疫应答样本。结果表明：1)在急性感染期，饲粮×艾美耳球虫感染表现为饲粮对未感染组无影响。相比之下，RP-SBM日粮对未感染禽类的产蛋率更高（P P = 0.001）。2)饲粮×艾美耳球虫感染对胆汁抗艾美耳球虫免疫球蛋白a （IgA）浓度（P = 0.015）、脾细胞增殖、巨噬细胞一氧化氮（NO）生成(pil)-17 mRNA含量（P P P 8+:CD4+细胞比值）的影响显著高于其他饲粮。综上所述，用CM或cDDGS部分替代SBM对RP饲粮肉鸡42日龄体重和FCR影响甚微。相反，这些对肉鸡的免疫反应有负面影响。
{"title":"Growth performance and immune response of broilers during active <i>Eimeria</i> infection are modified by dietary inclusion of canola meal or corn-DDGS in reduced-protein corn-soybean meal diets.","authors":"Revathi Shanmugasundaram, Adeleye M Ajao, Shahna Fathima, Adelumola Oladeinde, Ramesh K Selvaraj, Todd J Applegate, Oluyinka A Olukosi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with canola meal (CM) or corn-distillers' dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) in reduced-protein (RP) diets for <i>Eimeria</i>-infected broilers. A total of 1120 broiler chicks were distributed in a 4 × 2 (4 diets × with or without infection) factorial arrangement with 7 replicates per treatment and 20 birds per replicate. The 4 diets, fed between d 7 and 42, were (i) a standard diet with crude protein at 200 g/kg (SP); (ii) a RP (crude protein at 160 g/kg) corn-SBM diet (RP-SBM); (iii) a RP diet in which 80 g/kg CM replaced 60 g/kg SBM (RP-CM); and (iv) a RP diet in which 100 g/kg cDDGS replaced 50 g/kg SBM (RP-cDDGS). On d 15, birds were infected with mixed <i>Eimeria</i> (+E) oocysts. Birds and feed were weighed at intervals for growth performance, and samples for immunology responses were collected on d 21. The results showed as follows: 1) during the acute infection phase, diet × <i>Eimeria</i> infection was shown by the diets having no effect in the uninfected group. In contrast, the RP-SBM diet tended to produce higher (<i>P</i> < 0.10) weight gain among the infected birds. The d 42 body weight was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.001) for the uninfected birds. 2) There was a significant diet × <i>Eimeria</i> infection on bile anti-<i>Eimeria</i> immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations (<i>P</i> = 0.015), splenocyte proliferation, macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and cecal tonsil interleukin (<i>IL</i>)-17 mRNA amounts (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Most of these responses were not influenced by the diets in the uninfected birds. However, among the infected birds, birds fed RP-SBM had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) bile IgA than those fed SP or RP-cDDGS. For the spleen, the interaction was that birds fed RP-SBM or RP-cDDGS diets had the highest or lowest NO production, respectively, and birds that received RP-SBM had greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) splenic CD<sup>8+</sup>:CD<sup>4+</sup> cell ratio than other diets. In conclusion, partial replacement of SBM with CM or cDDGS had only a marginal effect on d 42 body weight and FCR of the broiler chickens receiving the RP diets. In contrast, these had a negative impact on the immune responses of the broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.008
Reza Barekatain, Leon Hall, Peter V Chrystal, Anna Fickler
The use of reduced protein diets in broiler chicken production provides potential benefits for performance and environmental footprint of production. The effectiveness of β-Mannanase supplementation in wheat and soy based standard protein (SP) and reduced protein (RP) diets was tested for growth performance, nutrient utilisation and selected intestinal gene expression of broiler chickens. In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, two main factors included dietary protein (standard and reduced protein) and β-Mannanase supplementation (with or without). All diets contained phytase and carbohydrases (xylanase and glucanase). A total of 480 Ross 308 male off-sex day-old chickens were assigned to the four experimental diets in a 35-d study. Each diet was replicated 12 times with 10 birds per replicate. Using an additional 160 birds, separate apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nutrient digestibility assays were undertaken for the 4 experimental diets from d 21 to 24 of age. Selected genes involved in gut integrity, inflammation and immune response were quantified using quantitative PCR assays. There was no interaction between β-Mannanase and dietary protein for any of the studied parameters except ileal viscosity. Enzyme had no effect on feed intake but tended to increase body weight gain (BWG) from d 0 to 35 of age (P = 0.079). Birds fed RP diet consumed more feed when assessed from d 0 to 35 of age (P = 0.029). At the same time, β-Mannanase tended to reduce feed conversion ratio independent of dietary protein (P = 0.069). β-Mannanase reduced ileal viscosity of the birds fed RP diet (P < 0.001). Reducing dietary protein increased nitrogen retention, nitrogen digestibility coefficient and digestibility coefficients of 11 amino acids (P < 0.001). β-Mannanase significantly improved digestibility coefficients of nitrogen and Arg, Gly, Thr, Lys, and Ile (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on AME or gene expression of selected tight junction proteins, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, mucin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B. In conclusion, supplementation of β-Mannanase tended to improve feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility of broilers fed wheat-based diets independent of a moderate reduction in dietary protein. Complementary mode of actions of β-Mannanase for intestinal health requires further investigation.
在肉鸡生产中使用低蛋白饲粮对生产性能和生产环境足迹有潜在的好处。研究了在小麦和大豆基标准蛋白（SP）和还原蛋白（RP）饲粮中添加β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质利用和部分肠道基因表达的影响。在2 × 2因子处理安排中，两个主要因素包括膳食蛋白质（标准蛋白质和还原蛋白质）和β-甘露聚糖酶添加（添加或不添加）。所有饲粮均含有植酸酶和糖酶（木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶）。选取480只罗斯308雄性非性日龄鸡饲喂4种试验饲粮，为期35 d。每种饲粮重复12次，每个重复10只鸡。在21 ~ 24日龄对另外160只鸡分别进行4种试验饲粮的表观代谢能（AME）和营养物质消化率测定。选择参与肠道完整性、炎症和免疫反应的基因，使用定量PCR测定。除回肠黏度外，β-甘露聚糖酶与饲粮蛋白质的其他参数均无交互作用。酶对采食量无影响，但有提高0 ~ 35日龄体重的趋势（P = 0.079）。在0 ~ 35岁期间，饲喂RP日粮的雏鸟消耗更多的饲料（P = 0.029）。同时，β-甘露聚糖酶有降低饲料系数的趋势，与饲粮蛋白质无关（P = 0.069）。β-甘露聚糖酶降低RP饲粮禽鸟的回肠粘度(P P P P
{"title":"Nutrient utilisation and growth performance of broiler chickens fed standard or moderately reduced dietary protein diets with and without β-mannanase supplementation.","authors":"Reza Barekatain, Leon Hall, Peter V Chrystal, Anna Fickler","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of reduced protein diets in broiler chicken production provides potential benefits for performance and environmental footprint of production. The effectiveness of β-Mannanase supplementation in wheat and soy based standard protein (SP) and reduced protein (RP) diets was tested for growth performance, nutrient utilisation and selected intestinal gene expression of broiler chickens. In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, two main factors included dietary protein (standard and reduced protein) and β-Mannanase supplementation (with or without). All diets contained phytase and carbohydrases (xylanase and glucanase). A total of 480 Ross 308 male off-sex day-old chickens were assigned to the four experimental diets in a 35-d study. Each diet was replicated 12 times with 10 birds per replicate. Using an additional 160 birds, separate apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nutrient digestibility assays were undertaken for the 4 experimental diets from d 21 to 24 of age. Selected genes involved in gut integrity, inflammation and immune response were quantified using quantitative PCR assays. There was no interaction between β-Mannanase and dietary protein for any of the studied parameters except ileal viscosity. Enzyme had no effect on feed intake but tended to increase body weight gain (BWG) from d 0 to 35 of age (<i>P</i> = 0.079). Birds fed RP diet consumed more feed when assessed from d 0 to 35 of age (<i>P</i> = 0.029). At the same time, β-Mannanase tended to reduce feed conversion ratio independent of dietary protein (<i>P</i> = 0.069). β-Mannanase reduced ileal viscosity of the birds fed RP diet (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Reducing dietary protein increased nitrogen retention, nitrogen digestibility coefficient and digestibility coefficients of 11 amino acids (<i>P</i> < 0.001). β-Mannanase significantly improved digestibility coefficients of nitrogen and Arg, Gly, Thr, Lys, and Ile (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on AME or gene expression of selected tight junction proteins, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, mucin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B. In conclusion, supplementation of β-Mannanase tended to improve feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility of broilers fed wheat-based diets independent of a moderate reduction in dietary protein. Complementary mode of actions of β-Mannanase for intestinal health requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.007
Qi Huang, Fengtao Ma, Yuhang Jin, Duo Gao, Meinan Chang, Peng Sun
The posterior intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in the growth and health of Holstein dairy calves. However, its establishment and dynamic changes during early development remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial colonization and development in the rectum of calves within the first 70 d after birth. Here, 96 rectal content samples were collected from 8 Holstein dairy calves at 12 time points and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial alpha diversity increased with age. The bacterial community displayed a distinct dynamic distribution. The phylum Proteobacteria was replaced by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after d 3. The colonization process of bacterial genera in the rectum of neonatal calves can be divided into 2 periods: the colonization period (stage 1: d 1 and stage 2: d 3) and the stable period (stage 3: d 7-14, stage 4: d 21-42, and stage 5: d 49-70). The fermentation pattern and metabolic function changed from propionate fermentation dominated by Shigella to lactic acid fermentation dominated by Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Oscillospira. The stable period was more comprehensive and complete than the colonization period. This study revealed the dynamic changes in the posterior intestinal microbiota of Holstein dairy calves during early development. The transition period (d 7-14) was identified as a key stage for early nutritional intervention, as the abundance of Lactobacillus increased and the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Proteobacteria and Shigella) decreased. This study provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health and offers theoretical guidance for future research on host-microbe interactions and early nutritional interventions. It is suggested that nutritional interventions based on microbial characteristics at different stages be implemented to improve calf growth performance and immune function, which may contribute to the reduction of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders during dairy production.
后肠道菌群对荷斯坦奶牛犊牛的生长和健康起着至关重要的作用。然而，它的建立和早期发展的动态变化尚不清楚。本研究的目的是研究出生后70天内犊牛直肠内微生物的定植和发育情况。在这里，收集了8头荷斯坦奶牛在12个时间点的96份直肠内容物样本，并使用16S rRNA基因测序进行分析。微生物α多样性随年龄增长而增加。细菌群落表现出明显的动态分布。第3 d后，变形杆菌门被厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门所取代。细菌属在新生犊牛直肠内的定殖过程可分为定殖期（第1 d和第2 d 3阶段）和稳定期（第3 d 7-14、第4 d 21-42和第5 d 49-70） 2个阶段。发酵模式和代谢功能由志贺氏菌为主的丙酸发酵转变为乳杆菌、蓝杆菌和示波螺旋菌为主的乳酸发酵。稳定时期比殖民时期更全面、更完整。本研究揭示了荷斯坦奶牛犊牛发育早期后肠道微生物群的动态变化。过渡时期（7-14 d）被认为是早期营养干预的关键阶段，因为乳酸杆菌的丰度增加，有害细菌（如变形杆菌和志贺氏菌）的丰度减少。该研究为理解早期肠道健康提供了一个框架，并为未来宿主-微生物相互作用和早期营养干预的研究提供了理论指导。因此，应根据不同阶段微生物特征实施营养干预，提高犊牛生长性能和免疫功能，从而减少犊牛生产过程中腹泻等胃肠道疾病的发生。
{"title":"The dynamic distribution of the rectal microbiota in Holstein dairy calves provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health.","authors":"Qi Huang, Fengtao Ma, Yuhang Jin, Duo Gao, Meinan Chang, Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The posterior intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in the growth and health of Holstein dairy calves. However, its establishment and dynamic changes during early development remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial colonization and development in the rectum of calves within the first 70 d after birth. Here, 96 rectal content samples were collected from 8 Holstein dairy calves at 12 time points and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial alpha diversity increased with age. The bacterial community displayed a distinct dynamic distribution. The phylum Proteobacteria was replaced by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after d 3. The colonization process of bacterial genera in the rectum of neonatal calves can be divided into 2 periods: the colonization period (stage 1: d 1 and stage 2: d 3) and the stable period (stage 3: d 7-14, stage 4: d 21-42, and stage 5: d 49-70). The fermentation pattern and metabolic function changed from propionate fermentation dominated by <i>Shigella</i> to lactic acid fermentation dominated by <i>Lactobacillus, Blautia,</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i>. The stable period was more comprehensive and complete than the colonization period. This study revealed the dynamic changes in the posterior intestinal microbiota of Holstein dairy calves during early development. The transition period (d 7-14) was identified as a key stage for early nutritional intervention, as the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> increased and the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Proteobacteria and <i>Shigella</i>) decreased. This study provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health and offers theoretical guidance for future research on host-microbe interactions and early nutritional interventions. It is suggested that nutritional interventions based on microbial characteristics at different stages be implemented to improve calf growth performance and immune function, which may contribute to the reduction of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders during dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.003
Chong Zhang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Xiaowan Jin, Hongmei Ren, Hua Li, Fali Wu, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang
D-mannose, essential for protein glycosylation, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora homeostasis. In addition to evaluating growth performance, we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal intestine. All 1800 grass carp (16.20 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose (0.52, 1.75, 3.02, 4.28, 5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet) for 70 d. The study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake ( < 0.001) but did not affect the percent weight gain (PWG), special growth rate, and feed conversion ratio ( > 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value ( < 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length, intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group ( < 0.05). This improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)-mediated enhancement of glycolysis. This study found that D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content ( < 0.05) and improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first time. The improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase (PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein glycosylation. In addition, ubiquitin-dependent [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin] and ubiquitin-independent [BCL2-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L), BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1)] mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. The enhancement of intercellular structures includes enhancing tight junction and adherent junction structures, which may be closely associated with the small Rho GTPase protein (RhoA)/the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, D-mannose improved intestinal cellular redox homeostasis associated with ER stress and mitophagy pathways, and enhanced intercellular structures related to tight junctions and adherent junctions. Furthermore, quadratic regression analysis of the PWG and intestinal reactive oxygen species content indicated that the optimal addition level of D-mannose for juvenile grass carp was 4.61 and 4.59 g/kg, respectively.
{"title":"Establishing the link between D-mannose and juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Improved growth and intestinal structure associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitophagy, and apical junctional complexes","authors":"Chong Zhang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Xiaowan Jin, Hongmei Ren, Hua Li, Fali Wu, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"D-mannose, essential for protein glycosylation, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora homeostasis. In addition to evaluating growth performance, we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal intestine. All 1800 grass carp (16.20 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose (0.52, 1.75, 3.02, 4.28, 5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet) for 70 d. The study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake ( < 0.001) but did not affect the percent weight gain (PWG), special growth rate, and feed conversion ratio ( > 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value ( < 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length, intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group ( < 0.05). This improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)-mediated enhancement of glycolysis. This study found that D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content ( < 0.05) and improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first time. The improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase (PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein glycosylation. In addition, ubiquitin-dependent [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin] and ubiquitin-independent [BCL2-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L), BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1)] mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. The enhancement of intercellular structures includes enhancing tight junction and adherent junction structures, which may be closely associated with the small Rho GTPase protein (RhoA)/the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, D-mannose improved intestinal cellular redox homeostasis associated with ER stress and mitophagy pathways, and enhanced intercellular structures related to tight junctions and adherent junctions. Furthermore, quadratic regression analysis of the PWG and intestinal reactive oxygen species content indicated that the optimal addition level of D-mannose for juvenile grass carp was 4.61 and 4.59 g/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001
Huan Chen, Mingrui Yang, Xianglong Shang, Hao Chen, Yi Li, Yanjiao Li, Lin Li, Mingren Qu, Xiaozhen Song
essential oil (PEO), extracted from , has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress properties, as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal digestion. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance, rumen epithelial morphology, and barrier function in heat-stressed beef cattle. Thirty-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0 (control), 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate ( = 9). All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 days. The results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group ( = 0.032). All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity ( = 0.004) and malondialdehyde content ( = 0.008) in serum. In addition, the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group ( < 0.05). More importantly, PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative expressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, Beclin1 ( < 0.05), and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group ( < 0.01). These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
{"title":"Pogostemon cablin essential oil as feed additive promotes the repair of the rumen epithelial barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle","authors":"Huan Chen, Mingrui Yang, Xianglong Shang, Hao Chen, Yi Li, Yanjiao Li, Lin Li, Mingren Qu, Xiaozhen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"essential oil (PEO), extracted from , has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress properties, as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal digestion. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance, rumen epithelial morphology, and barrier function in heat-stressed beef cattle. Thirty-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0 (control), 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate ( = 9). All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 days. The results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group ( = 0.032). All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity ( = 0.004) and malondialdehyde content ( = 0.008) in serum. In addition, the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group ( < 0.05). More importantly, PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative expressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, Beclin1 ( < 0.05), and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group ( < 0.01). These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders, yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional intervention target. This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS. Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.12 ± 0.168 kg were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group, each consisting of six pens with six piglets per pen, and were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3 kg/t OA + 500 g/t EO (EO + OA). On the 14th day of the feeding trial, 12 weaned piglets were randomly selected from the CON group, and 6 piglets were selected from the experimental group. Based on diet composition and stress treatment, these 18 piglets were divided into the following three groups: 1) CON group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of saline as a control. 2) LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. 3) EO + OA + LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with EO and OA and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. The results showed that EO + OA significantly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance and inflammation disorder induced by LPS in piglets' serum and intestine by inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, compared to the LPS group, supplementation with EO + OA restored LPS-induced reductions in Bcl-2 protein expression in the piglets' intestines ( < 0.05) and mitigated morphological damage; it also enhanced both the protein expression and relative gene expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 ( < 0.05), and reduced the plasma diamine oxidase activity (DAO) and LPS content ( < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, supplementation with EO + OA altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria relative abundance () ( < 0.05) and decreasing harmful bacteria relative abundance [ ( < 0.01), ( < 0.05)]. Further analysis revealed that plasma LPS content in piglets was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of (r = −0.662, = 0.021), (r = −0.492, = 0.031), and average daily gain (ADG) (r = −0.912, = 0.041). Plasma LPS content was also positively correlated with the plasma inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.591, = 0.021), IL-6 (r = 0.623, = 0.021), IL-12 (r = 561, = 0.031) contents, and the relative abundance of (r = 0.712, = 0.041). In summary, the addition of EO + OA prevents the leakage of intestine derived LPS into the circulation by improving intestinal integrity and microbiota co
{"title":"Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets","authors":"Xiaoyu Zheng, Yibo Wang, Xuemei Zhou, Tanyi Deng, Yueqi Zhao, Zhichao Fu, Yulong Wei, Wen Ma, Shihai Zhang, Wutai Guan, Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders, yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional intervention target. This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS. Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.12 ± 0.168 kg were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group, each consisting of six pens with six piglets per pen, and were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3 kg/t OA + 500 g/t EO (EO + OA). On the 14th day of the feeding trial, 12 weaned piglets were randomly selected from the CON group, and 6 piglets were selected from the experimental group. Based on diet composition and stress treatment, these 18 piglets were divided into the following three groups: 1) CON group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of saline as a control. 2) LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. 3) EO + OA + LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with EO and OA and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. The results showed that EO + OA significantly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance and inflammation disorder induced by LPS in piglets' serum and intestine by inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, compared to the LPS group, supplementation with EO + OA restored LPS-induced reductions in Bcl-2 protein expression in the piglets' intestines ( < 0.05) and mitigated morphological damage; it also enhanced both the protein expression and relative gene expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 ( < 0.05), and reduced the plasma diamine oxidase activity (DAO) and LPS content ( < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, supplementation with EO + OA altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria relative abundance () ( < 0.05) and decreasing harmful bacteria relative abundance [ ( < 0.01), ( < 0.05)]. Further analysis revealed that plasma LPS content in piglets was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of (r = −0.662, = 0.021), (r = −0.492, = 0.031), and average daily gain (ADG) (r = −0.912, = 0.041). Plasma LPS content was also positively correlated with the plasma inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.591, = 0.021), IL-6 (r = 0.623, = 0.021), IL-12 (r = 561, = 0.031) contents, and the relative abundance of (r = 0.712, = 0.041). In summary, the addition of EO + OA prevents the leakage of intestine derived LPS into the circulation by improving intestinal integrity and microbiota co","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary black soldier fly oil (BSFO) on the growth performance, flesh quality, and health status of largemouth bass (). Six iso-nitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by substituting fish oil and soybean oil (1/2, wt/wt) with BSFO in percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The diets were fed to 960 fish (initial body weight = 16.5 g) in four replicates for 8 weeks. Indicators related to growth performance, body composition, hematology, flesh quality, expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and the response of fish to challenge were analyzed. The results showed that the weight gain rate was numerically improved in all BSFO substitution groups, ranging from 9.3% to 44.0% compared to the control group. The highest survival rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index and condition factor were observed in the BFSO20 group. In terms of flesh quality, the water-holding capacity of the dorsal muscle was elevated with higher levels of dietary BSFO. However, significant changes in texture properties (cohesiveness, gluing, and chewiness) were observed in the BSFO20 group ( < 0.05). Six hematological parameters related to glycolipid and liver function were optimized in most of the BFSO substitution groups. Furthermore, the expressions of six inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes , , , , , and ) were significantly affected by dietary BSFO ( < 0.05). Following bacterial challenge, the seven-day cumulative survival rates of fish were considerably increased from 10.0% in the control group to 60.0% and 66.7% in the BSFO80 and BSFO100 groups, respectively. One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters related to fish growth, flesh quality, and health status were significantly influenced by dietary BSFO substitution levels in a dose-dependent manner ( < 0.05). In conclusion, substituting around 20% of dietary fish oil and soybean oil with BSFO is promising in improving the growth performance and flesh quality of . However, to enhance immunity and disease resistance, it is recommended to further increase the inclusion of BSFO in the diet.
{"title":"Dietary black soldier fly oil enhances growth performance, flesh quality, and health status of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Hailin Yuan, Junru Hu, Xiangce Li, Qiuxuan Sun, Xiaohong Tan, Cuihong You, Yewei Dong, Yanhua Huang, Meng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary black soldier fly oil (BSFO) on the growth performance, flesh quality, and health status of largemouth bass (). Six iso-nitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by substituting fish oil and soybean oil (1/2, wt/wt) with BSFO in percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The diets were fed to 960 fish (initial body weight = 16.5 g) in four replicates for 8 weeks. Indicators related to growth performance, body composition, hematology, flesh quality, expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and the response of fish to challenge were analyzed. The results showed that the weight gain rate was numerically improved in all BSFO substitution groups, ranging from 9.3% to 44.0% compared to the control group. The highest survival rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index and condition factor were observed in the BFSO20 group. In terms of flesh quality, the water-holding capacity of the dorsal muscle was elevated with higher levels of dietary BSFO. However, significant changes in texture properties (cohesiveness, gluing, and chewiness) were observed in the BSFO20 group ( < 0.05). Six hematological parameters related to glycolipid and liver function were optimized in most of the BFSO substitution groups. Furthermore, the expressions of six inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes , , , , , and ) were significantly affected by dietary BSFO ( < 0.05). Following bacterial challenge, the seven-day cumulative survival rates of fish were considerably increased from 10.0% in the control group to 60.0% and 66.7% in the BSFO80 and BSFO100 groups, respectively. One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters related to fish growth, flesh quality, and health status were significantly influenced by dietary BSFO substitution levels in a dose-dependent manner ( < 0.05). In conclusion, substituting around 20% of dietary fish oil and soybean oil with BSFO is promising in improving the growth performance and flesh quality of . However, to enhance immunity and disease resistance, it is recommended to further increase the inclusion of BSFO in the diet.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020
An Tao, Jiahao Wang, Bin Luo, Bowen Liu, Zirui Wang, Xingping Chen, Tiande Zou, Jun Chen, Jinming You
At a global level, the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production. Moreover, given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal, it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry. Cottonseed meal, a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil, exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content, high yield, low cost, well-balanced amino acid composition, and sufficient accessibility. However, cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors, especially gossypol, which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance, resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed. To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production, it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization. In this review, we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal, primary anti-nutritional factors, and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed. Subsequently, we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade. The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.
{"title":"Research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition: An updated review","authors":"An Tao, Jiahao Wang, Bin Luo, Bowen Liu, Zirui Wang, Xingping Chen, Tiande Zou, Jun Chen, Jinming You","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"At a global level, the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production. Moreover, given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal, it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry. Cottonseed meal, a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil, exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content, high yield, low cost, well-balanced amino acid composition, and sufficient accessibility. However, cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors, especially gossypol, which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance, resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed. To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production, it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization. In this review, we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal, primary anti-nutritional factors, and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed. Subsequently, we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade. The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antinutritional factors in feedstuffs may limit their utilization in livestock production, but fermentation process can be used to improve feed quality; however, studies on fermented soybeans for laying hens remain limited. We investigated the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) at various inclusion levels as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on egg production, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, gut morphology and microbiota, antioxidant capacity and immune response of young laying hens. A total of 360 Hy-line Brown laying hens aged 18 weeks were selected and divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The control group received a basal diet while the trial group received the basal diet with FSBM included at 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%, respectively, for 12 weeks. Our findings revealed that the nutritional value of FSBM was higher compared to that of SBM in terms of reduced content of trypsin inhibitors and increased contents of crude protein, amino acids and minerals. FSBM enhanced egg production ( < 0.05), feed-to-egg ratio ( < 0.05), and albumen quality (albumen height and Haugh unit) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, FSBM improved apparent fecal amino acid digestibility ( < 0.05), gut morphology (increased villus height, villus width, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased crypt depth) ( < 0.05), antioxidant capacity (reduced malondialdehyde and increased catalase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity) ( < 0.05) and immune function (increased concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM; increased levels of transforming growth factor beta and Toll-like receptor 2; and reduced levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha) ( < 0.05). Further analysis showed that FSBM altered the composition of the gut microbiota favoring beneficial microbes. These findings suggest that probiotic fermentation improved the nutritional value of SBM. The inclusion of FSBM in the diets of laying hens at 2.5% or 5.0% improved amino acid digestibility, gut health, immune function, egg production and egg quality.
{"title":"Fermented soybean meal improved laying performance and egg quality of laying hens by modulating cecal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, antioxidant and immunological functions","authors":"Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Lingling Huang, Haijun Zhang, Jing Wang, Guanghai Qi, Kai Qiu, Shugeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Antinutritional factors in feedstuffs may limit their utilization in livestock production, but fermentation process can be used to improve feed quality; however, studies on fermented soybeans for laying hens remain limited. We investigated the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) at various inclusion levels as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on egg production, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, gut morphology and microbiota, antioxidant capacity and immune response of young laying hens. A total of 360 Hy-line Brown laying hens aged 18 weeks were selected and divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The control group received a basal diet while the trial group received the basal diet with FSBM included at 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%, respectively, for 12 weeks. Our findings revealed that the nutritional value of FSBM was higher compared to that of SBM in terms of reduced content of trypsin inhibitors and increased contents of crude protein, amino acids and minerals. FSBM enhanced egg production ( < 0.05), feed-to-egg ratio ( < 0.05), and albumen quality (albumen height and Haugh unit) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, FSBM improved apparent fecal amino acid digestibility ( < 0.05), gut morphology (increased villus height, villus width, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased crypt depth) ( < 0.05), antioxidant capacity (reduced malondialdehyde and increased catalase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity) ( < 0.05) and immune function (increased concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM; increased levels of transforming growth factor beta and Toll-like receptor 2; and reduced levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha) ( < 0.05). Further analysis showed that FSBM altered the composition of the gut microbiota favoring beneficial microbes. These findings suggest that probiotic fermentation improved the nutritional value of SBM. The inclusion of FSBM in the diets of laying hens at 2.5% or 5.0% improved amino acid digestibility, gut health, immune function, egg production and egg quality.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of in microencapsulation (LPM) on intestinal development in layer chicks were investigated in this study, as well as the colonization of in the gut. A total of 480 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks at 0 d old were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 replicates each treatment), and the diets of these birds were supplemented with nothing (control), (0.02 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed), LPM (1.0 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed) and wall material of LPM (WM; 0.98 g/kg feed), respectively. Compared to control, LPM improved growth performance and intestinal development of layer chicks, evidenced by significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, as well as weight and length of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( < 0.05). These results could be attributed to the increased colonization of in the gut, which was verified by significant increases in lactic acid content, viable counts in chyme and mucosa ( < 0.05), as well as a visible rise in number of strains labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of and significantly increased in response to microencapsulated supplementation ( < 0.05), accompanied by the significant up-regulation of colonization related genes ( < 0.05), encoding solute carrier family, monocarboxylate transporter, activin A receptor, succinate receptor and secretogranin II. To sum up, microencapsulated supplementation promoted intestinal development, which could be attributed to the enhancement of colonization in the intestine through the mutual assistance of and interactions with colonization related transmembrane proteins.
{"title":"Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum promotes intestinal development through gut colonization of layer chicks","authors":"Yaoming Cui, Yanxia Liu, Jing Yang, Haitao Duan, Peng Wang, Linna Guo, Yanjiao Guo, Suying Li, Yating Zhao, Jinrong Wang, Guanghai Qi, Junjun Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of in microencapsulation (LPM) on intestinal development in layer chicks were investigated in this study, as well as the colonization of in the gut. A total of 480 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks at 0 d old were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 replicates each treatment), and the diets of these birds were supplemented with nothing (control), (0.02 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed), LPM (1.0 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed) and wall material of LPM (WM; 0.98 g/kg feed), respectively. Compared to control, LPM improved growth performance and intestinal development of layer chicks, evidenced by significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, as well as weight and length of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( < 0.05). These results could be attributed to the increased colonization of in the gut, which was verified by significant increases in lactic acid content, viable counts in chyme and mucosa ( < 0.05), as well as a visible rise in number of strains labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of and significantly increased in response to microencapsulated supplementation ( < 0.05), accompanied by the significant up-regulation of colonization related genes ( < 0.05), encoding solute carrier family, monocarboxylate transporter, activin A receptor, succinate receptor and secretogranin II. To sum up, microencapsulated supplementation promoted intestinal development, which could be attributed to the enhancement of colonization in the intestine through the mutual assistance of and interactions with colonization related transmembrane proteins.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号