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Encyclopedia of the Library of Congress: For Congress, the Nation & the World (review) 国会图书馆百科全书:国会,国家和世界(评论)
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0062
R. Martin
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引用次数: 0
Toward a National Disaster Response Protocol 制定国家灾害应对协议
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0065
Randy Silverman
Since the Florence flood of November 4, 1966, the concept of an or ganized disaster response for cultural property has been a focus for conservators. In 1976, a decade after the Arno River had retreated from Florence's museums, libraries, and historic churches, a Library of Congress planning conference convened to initiate a U.S. national preservation program. At that meeting Stephen Salmon noted a "glaring . . . lack of preparedness for disaster [s] by almost all American librar ies."1 Now, forty years since that calamitous flood, little has changed in terms of being able to initiate a nationally coordinated plan in the face of calamitous events that threaten cultural property in all collect ing institutions. In fact, it is now clearly recognized that only one in five cultural institutions has created an emergency response plan that encompasses collections,2 and it is likely that some or all of these plans will prove ineffectual in the case of a regional disaster. Furthermore, according to meteorologists at the National Oceanographic and Atmo spheric Administration, we now face in the next twenty to thirty years the possibility of stronger, more damaging storms capable of threatening our cultural institutions.3 Ample evidence is at hand that a national disaster response protocol is urgently needed if we are to ensure that irreplaceable cultural collec tions are not needlessly lost. This protocol must be able to be activated quickly to deliver appropriate assistance to affected institutions and, accordingly, be unencumbered by day-to-day bureaucracies that his torically have delayed response time and increased collection damage. This essay describes two recent large institutional catastrophes as well as the damage wrought by Hurricane Katrina, an unprecedented U.S. regional disaster, in an effort to underscore the importance of creating a nonprofit entity?the National Disaster Center for Cultural Property (NDC)?capable of implementing an effective response in situations where local resources and expertise are overwhelmed and cultural property is at risk.
自1966年11月4日佛罗伦萨洪水以来,对文化财产进行有组织的灾难应对的概念一直是保护人员关注的焦点。1976年,在阿诺河从佛罗伦萨的博物馆、图书馆和历史悠久的教堂中消失十年之后,国会图书馆召开了一次计划会议,启动了一项美国国家保护计划。在那次会议上,斯蒂芬·萨尔蒙注意到一个“明显的……几乎所有的美国图书馆都缺乏对灾难的准备。“现在,距离那场灾难性的洪水已经过去了40年,在面对威胁所有收藏机构的文化财产的灾难性事件时,能够发起一项全国协调的计划方面几乎没有什么变化。事实上,现在人们清楚地认识到,只有五分之一的文化机构制定了包括藏品在内的应急计划2,而且在发生区域性灾难的情况下,这些计划很可能部分或全部无效。此外,根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的气象学家的说法,在未来的二、三十年里,我们可能面临更强、更具破坏性的风暴,这些风暴有可能威胁到我们的文化机构有充分的证据表明,如果我们要确保不可替代的文化收藏品不会不必要地丢失,就迫切需要制定国家灾害应对议定书。该议定书必须能够迅速启动,以便向受影响的机构提供适当的援助,因此不受日常官僚作风的阻碍,这些官僚作风历来拖延了反应时间,增加了收集损失。本文描述了最近发生的两起大型机构灾难,以及卡特里娜飓风造成的破坏,这是美国前所未有的地区灾难,旨在强调创建非营利实体的重要性。国家文物灾害中心(NDC)?能够在当地资源和专门知识不堪重负和文化财产受到威胁的情况下实施有效的应对措施。
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引用次数: 12
The Professionalization of a Calling: Mission and Method at the New York Library Club, 1885-1901 职业召唤的专业化:纽约图书馆俱乐部的使命与方法,1885-1901
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.7282/T3H130DM
T. Glynn
Melvil Dewey founded the New York Library Club in 1885. It became an influential forum for exchanging ideas and debating methods and principles among practitioners of an emerging profession. Members were inspired by the mission of the public library, by an evangelical zeal to uplift the masses by bringing fine literature into their homes. At the same time, they had to develop methods of gaining intellectual control over the increasing number of titles issued by American publishers each year as well as methods of attracting readers of cheap fiction to more uplifting works. This article explores tensions between mission and methods during the early history of the club.
梅尔维尔·杜威于1885年创立了纽约图书馆俱乐部。它成为一个有影响力的论坛,在一个新兴职业的从业者之间交流思想,辩论方法和原则。成员们被公共图书馆的使命所鼓舞,被福音派的热情所鼓舞,通过把优秀的文学作品带到他们的家中来提升大众。与此同时,他们还必须设法控制美国出版商每年发行的越来越多的图书,并设法吸引廉价小说的读者阅读更振奋人心的作品。这篇文章探讨了俱乐部早期历史中使命和方法之间的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 6
The Scholar-Librarian: Books, Libraries, and the Visual Arts (review) 学者图书馆员:书籍、图书馆和视觉艺术(书评)
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/lac.2006.0061
D. Marcum
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引用次数: 0
Through the Reading Glass: Women, Books, and Sex in the French Enlightenment (review) 透过镜子:法国启蒙运动中的女性、书籍和性(书评)
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0063
B. W. Oliver
Epistle to Mr. Ellys the Painter” using traditional bibliographical methods based upon historical evidence and literary style. William McCarthy asks, “What Did Anna Barbauld Do to Samuel Richardson’s Correspondence?” As Barbauld’s biographer he answers through his careful examination and interpretation of the Forster MSS and the Dyce Letters at the Victoria and Albert Museum, separating out Barbauld’s markings from those of Richardson, his copyists, and the editorial interventions of Richard Phillips, the owner of the manuscripts and the publisher of the correspondence (and his compositors). McCarthy also posits the former existence of additional copies of some correspondence, edited by Richardson, many of which provide conflations of letters previously attributed to Barbauld. Marcus Walsh lauds Edward Capell’s editorial practices on the works of Shakespeare in “Form and Function in the English Eighteenth-Century Literary Edition: The Case of Edward Capell,” discussing the formatting of Capell’s editions of Shakespeare in relation to Capell’s editorial strategies. R. Carter Hailey sketches more Shakespearean editorial history with his ‘This Instance Will Not Do’: George Steevens, Shakespeare, and the Revision(s) of Johnson’s Dictionary.” Hailey argues that Steevens “played a much more active role in the revision of the Dictionary than has hitherto been suspected,” exhaustively supporting his assertion that Steevens continued working on the Dictionary well after Johnson’s death (245). Pamela Clemit and David Wools provide attribution for “Two New Pamphlets by William Godwin: A Case of Computer-Assisted Authorship Attribution.” They ascribe The Law of Parliament in the Present Situation of Great Britain Considered(1788) and Reflexions on the Consequences of His Majesty’s Recovery from His Late Indisposition. In a Letter to the People of England (1789) to Godwin, using both stylistic and computer-assisted textual analysis. The authors chose not to use the cusum technique lauded earlier in this volume by Farringdon, using instead multiple programs familiar to Wools, a forensic linguist. The volume is rounded out with David Chandler’s “A Bibliographical History of Thomas Howes’ Critical Observations (1776–1807) and His Dispute with Joseph Priestley,” Andrew M. Stauffer’s “The First Publication of Byron’s ‘To the Po,’” and Roger Osborne’s “Joseph Conrad’s Under Western Eyes: The Serials and First Editions,” along with Arthur Sherbo’s “Unrecorded Writings by G. K. Chesterton, H. G. Wells, Padraic Colum, Mary Colum, T. S. Eliot, George Bernard Shaw, and William Butler Yeats.” This volume of Studies in Bibliography provides a good entry point into the ongoing argument about the future of textual criticism for historical materials by highlighting its history and practice thus far.
“给画家埃利斯先生的书信”,使用基于历史证据和文学风格的传统书目方法。威廉·麦卡锡问道:“安娜·巴鲍德对塞缪尔·理查森的信件做了什么?”作为巴鲍德的传记作者,他通过仔细检查和解读维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆的福斯特MSS和戴斯信件来回答这个问题,将巴鲍德的标记与理查森、他的抄写员、理查德·菲利普斯的编辑干预区分开来,理查德·菲利普斯是手稿的所有者和信件的出版商(以及他的排字师)。麦卡锡还假定,理查森曾经编辑过一些信件的副本,其中许多是以前认为是巴博尔德写的信件的合并。Marcus Walsh在《18世纪英国文学版的形式与功能:爱德华·卡佩尔案例》中赞扬了爱德华·卡佩尔对莎士比亚作品的编辑实践,讨论了卡佩尔版本莎士比亚的格式与卡佩尔的编辑策略之间的关系。R. Carter Hailey在他的《这个例子不行:乔治·史蒂文斯、莎士比亚和约翰逊词典修订版》中勾勒了更多莎士比亚的编辑史。海利认为史蒂文斯“在修订《字典》方面发挥的作用比迄今为止人们所怀疑的要积极得多”,这充分支持了他的说法,即史蒂文斯在约翰逊去世后很长一段时间内仍在继续编纂《字典》(245页)。帕梅拉·克莱米特和大卫·伍尔斯为《威廉·戈德温的两本新小册子:计算机辅助作者归属案例》提供了署名。他们把这两篇论文的题目归为《考虑大不列颠现状的议会法》(1788年)和《关于国王陛下从晚期疾病中恢复的后果的思考》。在给戈德温的一封致英国人民的信(1789)中,使用了文体和计算机辅助的文本分析。作者选择不使用Farringdon在本卷早些时候称赞的cusum技术,而是使用了法庭语言学家Wools熟悉的多个程序。该书还包括大卫·钱德勒的《托马斯·豪斯批判观察的参考书目史(1776-1807)和他与约瑟夫·普利斯特利的争论》、安德鲁·m·斯托弗的《拜伦的《给波河》的首次出版》、罗杰·奥斯本的《约瑟夫·康拉德的西方眼睛下:系列和第一版》,以及阿瑟·舍伯的《g·k·切斯特顿、h·g·威尔斯、帕德里克·科伦、玛丽·科伦、t·s·艾略特、乔治·伯纳德·肖和威廉·巴特勒·叶芝的未记录作品》。本卷的研究书目提供了一个很好的切入点,通过突出其历史和实践到目前为止,正在进行的争论关于未来的文本批评的历史材料。
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引用次数: 0
"'Tis better to be brief than tedious"? The Evolution of the American Public Library Annual Report, 1876-2004 "简洁总比乏味好"美国公共图书馆年度报告的演变,1876-2004
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0060
Bernadette A. Lear
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries public libraries used annual reports to inform the public and one another about new services and managerial approaches. Because librarians filled reports with statistics, narrative, and professional philosophy and exchanged them throughout the country, nearby collections of reports can provide rich and accessible evidence for institutional, social, and cultural history studies. However, starting in the 1920s, library reports began to emphasize themes rather than departmental details, and librarians increasingly communicated through journals. Thus some libraries ceased collecting institutional publications. Although today's reports are suitable for public relations purposes, historians should be concerned about their limited content and distribution.
在19世纪和20世纪初,公共图书馆利用年度报告向公众和彼此通报新的服务和管理方法。由于图书馆员用统计数据、叙述和专业哲学填充报告,并在全国范围内交换,附近的报告收藏可以为制度、社会和文化历史研究提供丰富和可获取的证据。然而,从20世纪20年代开始,图书馆报告开始强调主题而不是部门细节,图书馆员越来越多地通过期刊进行交流。因此,一些图书馆停止收集机构出版物。虽然今天的报告适合于公共关系目的,但历史学家应该关注它们有限的内容和分布。
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引用次数: 6
Studies in Bibliography, Volume 54 (review) 目录学研究,第54卷(评论)
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0066
L. Thomas
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引用次数: 0
Greek Civilization Through the Eyes of Travellers and Scholars (review) 旅行者和学者眼中的希腊文明(评论)
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/lac.2006.0000
A. Andres
In the conclusion to Through the Reading Glass the author cites Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, in which he writes that “while books themselves do not make revolutions, the ways they are made, used, and read just might” (205). Diaconoff agrees and asserts that “acts of reading can produce profound changes in society,” noting “the quiet revolution in women’s reading” during the eighteenth century (205). She is instructive and persuasive in illustrating the motivations underlying the uses of reading and writing by eighteenth-century women and how their culture differed from ours. She explains that the reading glass of the title is a metaphor used to show how a book culture was developed for women and by women in eighteenth-century France, for, as she phrases it, “the reading glass is to the book as the book was to women, opening up both a world and a wealth of ideas perhaps unsuspected at first glance” (209). Diaconoff’s enlightening book is well documented with a useful bibliography and index. Through the Reading Glass should appeal to readers interested not only in books, reading, writing, and women’s roles but also in how these areas were related and interwoven during one of the pivotal cultural periods in modern history.
在《透过老花镜》一书的结语中,作者引用了罗杰·夏蒂尔的《法国大革命的文化起源》,他在书中写道:“虽然书籍本身不会引发革命,但它们的制作、使用和阅读方式可能会引发革命。”Diaconoff同意并断言“阅读行为可以对社会产生深远的变化”,并指出18世纪“女性阅读的悄然革命”(205)。她在阐述18世纪女性使用阅读和写作的动机以及她们的文化与我们的文化有何不同方面具有启发性和说服力。她解释说,书名中的放大镜是一种隐喻,用来展示图书文化是如何在18世纪的法国为女性和由女性发展起来的,因为,正如她所说的那样,“放大镜之于书,就像书之于女人一样,打开了一个世界和丰富的思想,也许第一眼看不到”(209)。Diaconoff这本启发性的书有很好的文献记载,有有用的参考书目和索引。《透过阅读镜》一书不仅吸引了对书籍、阅读、写作和女性角色感兴趣的读者,还吸引了对这些领域在现代历史上一个关键文化时期是如何相互关联和交织感兴趣的读者。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Record Keepers: Norman W. Brillhart Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries' Western History Collections 文化记录保持者:诺曼W.布里哈特收藏,俄克拉何马大学图书馆的西方历史收藏
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/lac.2006.0067
Kristina L. Southwell
Private library bookplates are designed to reflect the interests of the book owners and often symbolize their life’s work with simple drawings or emblems. The Norman W. Brillhart Collection bookplate is a good example of this simplicity of design. The 18.5-by-15-cm plate shows a map that depicts the route Brillhart believed Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer followed during the Battle of the Little Big Horn River in 1876. This graphic depiction of Custer’s route summarizes Brillhart’s lifetime of reading, travel, and research devoted to the controversial subject of Custer and the Little Big Horn. The Norman W. Brillhart Collection, held by the University of Oklahoma Libraries’ Western History Collections, is comprised of rare books and special material on George Armstrong Custer, the Seventh Cavalry Regiment, and the Battle of the Little Big Horn River. All of the major works necessary for research on Custer and the Little Big Horn are in
私人图书馆的书版是为了反映图书所有者的兴趣而设计的,通常用简单的图画或标志来象征他们一生的工作。Norman W. Brillhart收藏的书板就是这种简单设计的一个很好的例子。这块18.5 × 15厘米的盘子上画着一张地图,布里哈特认为,地图上描绘的是1876年小比格霍恩河战役中乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特中校所走的路线。这幅对卡斯特路线的生动描绘总结了布里哈特一生的阅读、旅行和对卡斯特和小大角这个有争议的主题的研究。Norman W. Brillhart Collection由俄克拉何马大学图书馆的西部历史收藏馆藏,由关于乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特、第七骑兵团和小比格霍恩河战役的珍贵书籍和特殊材料组成。所有研究卡斯特和小大角所必需的主要作品都在
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引用次数: 0
The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780-1910 (review) 古典主义文化:美国知识分子生活中的古希腊和罗马,1780-1910
Pub Date : 2006-12-18 DOI: 10.1353/LAC.2006.0057
K. Galinsky
four parts: the title with its heading, the bibliographical description, the note, and the bibliographical references. The note information is varied and may contain the item’s printing history, mention of its relative scarcity, information about the author, or a description of its illustrations or other special features. The bibliographical references identify the library that has a copy of the book (often a national library, although not always) and a cross-reference, if relevant, to the corresponding entries in the Blackmer, Atebey, or Gennadius catalogs. In addition to the interesting notes and references, the volume under review provides several other invaluable features. Most notable among these is the introduction by Navari, published in English, describing her methodology for organizing the catalog. The outlined methodology reveals Navari’s respect for accuracy, specifically with reference to her explanation of collation. Another significant feature in this catalog is the historical and informative essay written by Ioli Vingopoulou, which explores the nature of travel writing and its relationship to the Greek world. Especially welcome in a catalog of this nature is the reproduction of over two hundred rare illustrations, many in color, that originate from the cataloged items. The usefulness of this catalog is enhanced by an extended bibliography, a guide to abbreviations, and the multiple indices: index of names; index of printers, publishers, booksellers, and bookbinders; and index of provenances. While the catalog’s most practical function might be restricted to specialists and scholars of Greek civilization, its contents unquestionably would prove most interesting for bibliophiles and rare book enthusiasts. Greek Civilization Through the Eyes of Travellers and Scholars makes an excellent companion catalog to the author’s catalogs of the Blackmer and Atabey collections as well as Weber’s catalog of the Gennadius Library. Dimitris Contominas and Leonora Navari are to be commended for their collaboration in offering this beautifully rich catalog.
四部分:标题及其标题、参考书目说明、注释和参考书目。注释信息是多种多样的,可能包含物品的印刷历史,提及其相对稀缺性,关于作者的信息,或对其插图或其他特殊功能的描述。参考书目指明了拥有该书副本的图书馆(通常是国家图书馆,尽管并非总是如此)和交叉参考,如果相关的话,与Blackmer, Atebey或Gennadius目录中的相应条目相关。除了有趣的注释和参考资料外,正在审查的卷还提供了其他几个宝贵的功能。其中最值得注意的是纳瓦里的介绍,用英文出版,描述了她组织目录的方法。概述的方法揭示了纳瓦里对准确性的尊重,特别是她对校勘的解释。本目录的另一个重要特点是由Ioli Vingopoulou撰写的历史和信息丰富的文章,探讨了旅行写作的本质及其与希腊世界的关系。在这种性质的目录中,特别受欢迎的是来自目录项目的200多幅罕见插图的复制,其中许多是彩色的。该目录的有用性通过扩展的参考书目、缩写指南和多种索引得到增强:名称索引;印刷商、出版商、书商和装订商索引;以及种源索引。虽然目录最实用的功能可能仅限于希腊文明的专家和学者,但它的内容无疑将证明对藏书家和珍本爱好者最感兴趣。《旅行者和学者眼中的希腊文明》是作者布莱克默和阿塔贝收藏目录以及韦伯的根纳迪斯图书馆目录的优秀伴侣目录。迪米特里斯·康托米纳斯和利奥诺拉·纳瓦里因他们的合作而受到赞扬,他们提供了这个美丽丰富的目录。
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引用次数: 7
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Libraries & culture
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