Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174581608X295301
J. Francis
Abstract The first UK public libraries, established under the Public Libraries Act (1850), were essentially urban institutions. The needs of village and rural residents were barely taken into consideration until county library authorities were authorized in 1919. Methods and routines developed in cities and towns were adopted, although they were not designed for residents spread thinly across wider areas. From 1959 to 1995, when it reverted to standard UK methods, one authority, the Antrim County Library, absorbed in 1973 into the North Eastern Education and Library Board (NEELB), developed unique alternative library processes. The article, to a large degree a historical witness statement, compares the history of the NEELB, and its Antrim County Library forerunner, between 1959 and 1995, with the recent history of library services in the area.
{"title":"An Innovative Northern Ireland Library Service: the Antrim County Library and the North Eastern Education and Library Board 1959–1995, with a Comparison of the Recent History of Library Services in the Area","authors":"J. Francis","doi":"10.1179/174581608X295301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581608X295301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The first UK public libraries, established under the Public Libraries Act (1850), were essentially urban institutions. The needs of village and rural residents were barely taken into consideration until county library authorities were authorized in 1919. Methods and routines developed in cities and towns were adopted, although they were not designed for residents spread thinly across wider areas. From 1959 to 1995, when it reverted to standard UK methods, one authority, the Antrim County Library, absorbed in 1973 into the North Eastern Education and Library Board (NEELB), developed unique alternative library processes. The article, to a large degree a historical witness statement, compares the history of the NEELB, and its Antrim County Library forerunner, between 1959 and 1995, with the recent history of library services in the area.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"24 1","pages":"78 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581608X295301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174581608X295220
A. Dick
Abstract This article shows how political prisoners undermined censorship in the apartheid jails of South Africa. The jail diaries, authorized biographies, autobiographies, prison memoirs, interviews, and prison letters of more than fifty political prisoners and two prison censors are analyzed to describe the reading practices of South African political prisoners. The article, demonstrating the ways in which readers regulate their own reading space, concludes that the books that ended up fortuitously or filtered by censors in prison libraries in South Africa and in the possession of political prisoners, profoundly affected their thinking. From information fragments the prisoners reconstructed news and life experiences denied to them by prison authorities. Reading in a way that subverted the intentions of the censors in effect allowed the prisoners to continue their political struggle.
{"title":"'Blood from Stones': Censorship and the Reading Practices of South African Political Prisoners, 1960–1990","authors":"A. Dick","doi":"10.1179/174581608X295220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581608X295220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article shows how political prisoners undermined censorship in the apartheid jails of South Africa. The jail diaries, authorized biographies, autobiographies, prison memoirs, interviews, and prison letters of more than fifty political prisoners and two prison censors are analyzed to describe the reading practices of South African political prisoners. The article, demonstrating the ways in which readers regulate their own reading space, concludes that the books that ended up fortuitously or filtered by censors in prison libraries in South Africa and in the possession of political prisoners, profoundly affected their thinking. From information fragments the prisoners reconstructed news and life experiences denied to them by prison authorities. Reading in a way that subverted the intentions of the censors in effect allowed the prisoners to continue their political struggle.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581608X295220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174581608X295275
Jing Liao
Abstract Examines the impact of the New Culture Movement on the development of Chinese academic librarianship in the early twentieth century. Begins by analyzing the ideological and institutional obstacles to library reform before the Movement took place in 1915. Demonstrates how the Movement swept away those obstacles and set library reform on the fast track. Highlights the significant contributions by Li Dazhao, a leader of the Movement, in transforming Beijing University Library into a modern academic library and in setting up a model for the other universities to emulate in the ensuing decades.
{"title":"The New Culture Movement and the Breakthrough in Chinese Academic Library Reform","authors":"Jing Liao","doi":"10.1179/174581608X295275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581608X295275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examines the impact of the New Culture Movement on the development of Chinese academic librarianship in the early twentieth century. Begins by analyzing the ideological and institutional obstacles to library reform before the Movement took place in 1915. Demonstrates how the Movement swept away those obstacles and set library reform on the fast track. Highlights the significant contributions by Li Dazhao, a leader of the Movement, in transforming Beijing University Library into a modern academic library and in setting up a model for the other universities to emulate in the ensuing decades.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"24 1","pages":"37 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581608X295275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174581608X295284
Katrina M L Sked, Peter H. Reid
Abstract Examines Scottish library philanthropists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a key period in the development of the public library service. Utilizing the technique of prosopography, which goes beyond recounting basic biographical details and considers individuals as part of an identifiable group, the article provides an insight into the lives of eleven people (nine men and two women) who were involved in gifting money, land or support towards the establishment and maintenance of public libraries in eight towns and hundreds of villages throughout Scotland.
{"title":"The People Behind the Philanthropy: An Investigation into the Lives and Motivations of Library Philanthropists in Scotland between 1800 and 1914","authors":"Katrina M L Sked, Peter H. Reid","doi":"10.1179/174581608X295284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581608X295284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examines Scottish library philanthropists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a key period in the development of the public library service. Utilizing the technique of prosopography, which goes beyond recounting basic biographical details and considers individuals as part of an identifiable group, the article provides an insight into the lives of eleven people (nine men and two women) who were involved in gifting money, land or support towards the establishment and maintenance of public libraries in eight towns and hundreds of villages throughout Scotland.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"24 1","pages":"48 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581608X295284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174581608X295239
Tülay Fenerci
Abstract The emergence of the idea of legal deposit in its cultural context in Turkey can be traced back to the Ottoman era, prior to the Republic. The Ottoman reforms launched to westernize and modernize the state brought striking changes in both the social and cultural spheres. This transformation played an important role in the introduction of legal deposit. Legal deposit was at first considered and utilized for controlling the activities of printing presses and publications within the framework of legal arrangements. Later, the cultural function of legal deposit was more fully recognized and it became an important subject of discussion. The aim of this study is to examine the emergence of legal deposit, its meaning and its conceptual transformation, in light of the introduction of the printing press in the country and subsequent reforms in the areas of education and administration.
{"title":"The Origins of Legal Deposit in Turkey","authors":"Tülay Fenerci","doi":"10.1179/174581608X295239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581608X295239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emergence of the idea of legal deposit in its cultural context in Turkey can be traced back to the Ottoman era, prior to the Republic. The Ottoman reforms launched to westernize and modernize the state brought striking changes in both the social and cultural spheres. This transformation played an important role in the introduction of legal deposit. Legal deposit was at first considered and utilized for controlling the activities of printing presses and publications within the framework of legal arrangements. Later, the cultural function of legal deposit was more fully recognized and it became an important subject of discussion. The aim of this study is to examine the emergence of legal deposit, its meaning and its conceptual transformation, in light of the introduction of the printing press in the country and subsequent reforms in the areas of education and administration.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"24 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581608X295239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254767
R. G. Woods
Abstract The earliest phase of automation at Southampton University Library (SUL) saw computer-based 'house-keeping' systems developed in-house to handle the trebling of student intake from 1966. The successful circulation system — the first in the UK needing a daily computer run — led to an OSTI (Office for Scientific and Technical Information) grant (1967–1973) that supported an automation group that designed, programmed, and implemented further systems. During this period SUL had more systems operational than any other UK library. Reasons why a book-form catalogue for Wessex Medical Library and a Library Automation Teaching Package were unsuccessful are also suggested. The management structures developed, and the influence of the systems on the staff, the university, and the library world are described.
{"title":"How it all began","authors":"R. G. Woods","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The earliest phase of automation at Southampton University Library (SUL) saw computer-based 'house-keeping' systems developed in-house to handle the trebling of student intake from 1966. The successful circulation system — the first in the UK needing a daily computer run — led to an OSTI (Office for Scientific and Technical Information) grant (1967–1973) that supported an automation group that designed, programmed, and implemented further systems. During this period SUL had more systems operational than any other UK library. Reasons why a book-form catalogue for Wessex Medical Library and a Library Automation Teaching Package were unsuccessful are also suggested. The management structures developed, and the influence of the systems on the staff, the university, and the library world are described.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"275 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254811
J. H. Bowman
Abstract Retrospective conversion was initially chiefly associated with catalogues created using MARC (machine-readable cataloguing) records. It was done for two main purposes: to alleviate the problem of catalogues split between two physical forms, and to assist in housekeeping routines. There were two methods of performing the conversion: either to search for records in an external source, or to create fresh records. In either case the work could be either done in-house or contracted out. Optical character recognition was barely usable during the early years. Considerable variations in costs were reported. Various specific projects are described, and some of the author's personal experiences are included.
{"title":"Retrospective conversion: the early years","authors":"J. H. Bowman","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254811","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Retrospective conversion was initially chiefly associated with catalogues created using MARC (machine-readable cataloguing) records. It was done for two main purposes: to alleviate the problem of catalogues split between two physical forms, and to assist in housekeeping routines. There were two methods of performing the conversion: either to search for records in an external source, or to create fresh records. In either case the work could be either done in-house or contracted out. Optical character recognition was barely usable during the early years. Considerable variations in costs were reported. Various specific projects are described, and some of the author's personal experiences are included.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"331 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254802
J. H. Bowman
Abstract Following their first appearance in the UK in 1981 the use of OPACs (online public access catalogues) quickly spread, chiefly in academic but also in public libraries. Search facilities were initially fairly limited, being restricted to index keys of fixed length, mainly because of the expense of disk storage, and these OPACs were most suitable for known item searching. Keyword and Author searching followed, together with the use of Boolean operators, and Keyword quickly established itself as an alternative to structured subject headings. Some libraries adopted touch-screen terminals. User reactions are hard to find, though several libraries, including Hertfordshire County, conducted surveys; most users seem to have found OPACs to be an improvement.
{"title":"OPACs: the early years, and user reactions","authors":"J. H. Bowman","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Following their first appearance in the UK in 1981 the use of OPACs (online public access catalogues) quickly spread, chiefly in academic but also in public libraries. Search facilities were initially fairly limited, being restricted to index keys of fixed length, mainly because of the expense of disk storage, and these OPACs were most suitable for known item searching. Keyword and Author searching followed, together with the use of Boolean operators, and Keyword quickly established itself as an alternative to structured subject headings. Some libraries adopted touch-screen terminals. User reactions are hard to find, though several libraries, including Hertfordshire County, conducted surveys; most users seem to have found OPACs to be an improvement.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"317 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254794
L. Tedd
Abstract Computers were first used in libraries for assisting with the processes of cataloguing and the issuing of materials in the collections. This paper traces this history in the UK from the experimental systems of the 1960s, to the local and also the co-operative systems of the 1970s and to the turnkey systems of the 1980s. The rise of microcomputer-based systems and integrated library management systems of the late 1980s are covered in the penultimate section. References are made to published literature of these developments and 'memories' of those involved in running and implementing these systems were elicited through an e-mail list and have been incorporated as appropriate.
{"title":"Library management systems in the UK: 1960s–1980s","authors":"L. Tedd","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Computers were first used in libraries for assisting with the processes of cataloguing and the issuing of materials in the collections. This paper traces this history in the UK from the experimental systems of the 1960s, to the local and also the co-operative systems of the 1970s and to the turnkey systems of the 1980s. The rise of microcomputer-based systems and integrated library management systems of the late 1980s are covered in the penultimate section. References are made to published literature of these developments and 'memories' of those involved in running and implementing these systems were elicited through an e-mail list and have been incorporated as appropriate.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"301 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254758
J. Crawford, J. Brown
Abstract Outlines the content of the Seminar on the History of Library Automation held in 2006, organized by John Crawford on behalf of the Library and Information History Group (UK), out of which this special issue of 'Library History' arises. Provides an overview of the seminar and abstracts of the papers presented.
{"title":"Introduction and overview","authors":"J. Crawford, J. Brown","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254758","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Outlines the content of the Seminar on the History of Library Automation held in 2006, organized by John Crawford on behalf of the Library and Information History Group (UK), out of which this special issue of 'Library History' arises. Provides an overview of the seminar and abstracts of the papers presented.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"267 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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