Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x254776
B. Naylor
Abstract Examines the development of automation in higher education libraries from the mid-1960s until around 1975. During this period the automation of processes in academic libraries progressed from being an experimental activity, often called a research activity, engaged in by few, to being a commonly accepted phenomenon. The period also witnessed a shift away from the collaborative exploitation of computer resources among different departments, academic and administrative, of a single university, towards collaboration among university libraries. Discusses the application of computers in terms of circulation control, catalogues and cataloguing, acquisition and administration. Praises the vision and enthusiasm of librarians who, in the face of opposition from fellow professionals and users alike, pioneered the application of computer technology in libraries.
{"title":"Early developments in the automation of higher education libraries","authors":"B. Naylor","doi":"10.1179/174581607x254776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254776","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examines the development of automation in higher education libraries from the mid-1960s until around 1975. During this period the automation of processes in academic libraries progressed from being an experimental activity, often called a research activity, engaged in by few, to being a commonly accepted phenomenon. The period also witnessed a shift away from the collaborative exploitation of computer resources among different departments, academic and administrative, of a single university, towards collaboration among university libraries. Discusses the application of computers in terms of circulation control, catalogues and cataloguing, acquisition and administration. Praises the vision and enthusiasm of librarians who, in the face of opposition from fellow professionals and users alike, pioneered the application of computer technology in libraries.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"283 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x254776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607X254785
Alistair Black
Abstract In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries a range of important new technologies of information emerged in response to the growth and increasing complexity of organizations and their operations. One such technology was the punched-card machine, a direct forerunner of the computer in terms of the information management function in organizations. Punched-card technology first appeared in libraries in the 1930s, in the United States; and was taken up by libraries in the United Kingdom after the Second World War. Although it could be found in public libraries, the technology's greatest take-up appears to have been in special libraries and documentation/information centres. In the 1930s and 1940s, anticipating later developments in online services, ideas were put forward to link microfilm and punched-hole technologies to produce machines for rapid and universal information retrieval. However, in the 1950s these ideas became redundant with the deployment of the first computers in organizations, a development which also led to the demise of punched-card machines in library operations.
{"title":"Mechanization in libraries and information retrieval: punched cards and microfilm before the widespread adoption of computer technology in libraries","authors":"Alistair Black","doi":"10.1179/174581607X254785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607X254785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries a range of important new technologies of information emerged in response to the growth and increasing complexity of organizations and their operations. One such technology was the punched-card machine, a direct forerunner of the computer in terms of the information management function in organizations. Punched-card technology first appeared in libraries in the 1930s, in the United States; and was taken up by libraries in the United Kingdom after the Second World War. Although it could be found in public libraries, the technology's greatest take-up appears to have been in special libraries and documentation/information centres. In the 1930s and 1940s, anticipating later developments in online services, ideas were put forward to link microfilm and punched-hole technologies to produce machines for rapid and universal information retrieval. However, in the 1950s these ideas became redundant with the deployment of the first computers in organizations, a development which also led to the demise of punched-card machines in library operations.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"291 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607X254785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65567183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x233805
Anders Sjöbohm
Abstract Written in places in a semi-journalistic, personal style, this article explores the history of the library of the Carlscrona Reading Society which was active between 1796 and 1863, and which counted among its membership one of the author's distant ancestors. The history of the library is set against the backdrop of the development of the Enlightenment in Sweden. The membership of the Society and the content of the library are examined, special attention being paid to the library's 'golden age' period before 1830. The library collection, consisting of around 9000 volumes, currently resides in the Nordenskjöld House in central Karlskron. A version of this article first appeared in the Swedish library magazine Ikoner in 2005.
{"title":"The Carlscrona Reading Society Library: the library of my great-grandfather's great-grandfather","authors":"Anders Sjöbohm","doi":"10.1179/174581607x233805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x233805","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Written in places in a semi-journalistic, personal style, this article explores the history of the library of the Carlscrona Reading Society which was active between 1796 and 1863, and which counted among its membership one of the author's distant ancestors. The history of the library is set against the backdrop of the development of the Enlightenment in Sweden. The membership of the Society and the content of the library are examined, special attention being paid to the library's 'golden age' period before 1830. The library collection, consisting of around 9000 volumes, currently resides in the Nordenskjöld House in central Karlskron. A version of this article first appeared in the Swedish library magazine Ikoner in 2005.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"171 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x233805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607X233841
J. Lilja
Abstract Examines the international exchange of publications of two Finnish learned societies: the Finnish Literature Society and the Finnish Antiquarian Society from their foundation until the outbreak of the First World War. The exchange of publications had two purposes: it was a means of acquiring international literature for the libraries of the societies and a way of distributing results of research to foreign scholars. In spite of the availability of texts written in the Finnish language and on Finnish subjects, the Finnish societies received many foreign exchange proposals. Relevancy of the received publications was usually not criticized and all the offers were accepted. These two societies trusted in the exchange as a means of distributing their studies internationally, and did not seriously endeavour to find commercial distribution channels for their publications.
{"title":"Developing the international distribution of humanities studies in Finland: the exchange of publications of two learned societies in 1831–1914","authors":"J. Lilja","doi":"10.1179/174581607X233841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607X233841","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examines the international exchange of publications of two Finnish learned societies: the Finnish Literature Society and the Finnish Antiquarian Society from their foundation until the outbreak of the First World War. The exchange of publications had two purposes: it was a means of acquiring international literature for the libraries of the societies and a way of distributing results of research to foreign scholars. In spite of the availability of texts written in the Finnish language and on Finnish subjects, the Finnish societies received many foreign exchange proposals. Relevancy of the received publications was usually not criticized and all the offers were accepted. These two societies trusted in the exchange as a means of distributing their studies internationally, and did not seriously endeavour to find commercial distribution channels for their publications.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"213 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607X233841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607X233869
Felicity Stimpson
Abstract While the marginalia of the statesman and historian Lord Macaulay has attracted much scholarly attention, that of his nephew, the politician and historian George Otto Trevelyan, is scarcely known. Wallington Hall in Northumberland, now a National Trust property, houses Trevelyan's library and contains many examples of his marginal annotations. His reading ranged from the classics and historical works to contemporary, and sometimes surprisingly light, fiction. He often read aloud to his family, and the notes reveal that some books were reread many times, resulting in deep familiarity with the texts. This article examines the annotations which illuminate the reading practices of an eminent Victorian politician and writer.
{"title":"'I have spent my morning reading Greek': the marginalia of Sir George Otto Trevelyan","authors":"Felicity Stimpson","doi":"10.1179/174581607X233869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607X233869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While the marginalia of the statesman and historian Lord Macaulay has attracted much scholarly attention, that of his nephew, the politician and historian George Otto Trevelyan, is scarcely known. Wallington Hall in Northumberland, now a National Trust property, houses Trevelyan's library and contains many examples of his marginal annotations. His reading ranged from the classics and historical works to contemporary, and sometimes surprisingly light, fiction. He often read aloud to his family, and the notes reveal that some books were reread many times, resulting in deep familiarity with the texts. This article examines the annotations which illuminate the reading practices of an eminent Victorian politician and writer.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"239 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607X233869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x233823
Genaro Luis García López
Abstract Analyzes the research and publications on the history of Spanish public libraries (defined as free libraries run by public administration) covering the period beginning with the birth and development of public reading centres in the eighteenth century up to the present day. Three groups of researchers are identified: first, professional librarians, characterized by their erudition; secondly, general interest historians and historians of education, who began to apply the 'scientific' method and the systematic use of primary sources; and thirdly, university lecturers in the area of library and information science, whose work in the library history field has attained a certain maturity. The article concludes by highlighting the need to delve deeper into these studies and form research groups to that end.
{"title":"The current state of research on the history of public libraries in Spain","authors":"Genaro Luis García López","doi":"10.1179/174581607x233823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x233823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Analyzes the research and publications on the history of Spanish public libraries (defined as free libraries run by public administration) covering the period beginning with the birth and development of public reading centres in the eighteenth century up to the present day. Three groups of researchers are identified: first, professional librarians, characterized by their erudition; secondly, general interest historians and historians of education, who began to apply the 'scientific' method and the systematic use of primary sources; and thirdly, university lecturers in the area of library and information science, whose work in the library history field has attained a certain maturity. The article concludes by highlighting the need to delve deeper into these studies and form research groups to that end.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"10 1","pages":"191 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x233823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x233850
Laura Skouvig
Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate how the public library user was constructed in a Danish context in the period 1880–1920. The article argues that the definition and understanding of users as coming from all classes in society is a blind spot in Danish librarianship today. The article applies the theories of Michel Foucault on discourse and power in order to discuss how the user was constructed as a classless category and as a means of controlling the masses in libraries. This requires an examination of the way the library population was categorized, as well as of the bureaucratization and normalization of the user.
{"title":"The construction of the working-class user: Danish free public libraries and the working classes, 1880–1920","authors":"Laura Skouvig","doi":"10.1179/174581607x233850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x233850","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate how the public library user was constructed in a Danish context in the period 1880–1920. The article argues that the definition and understanding of users as coming from all classes in society is a blind spot in Danish librarianship today. The article applies the theories of Michel Foucault on discourse and power in order to discuss how the user was constructed as a classless category and as a means of controlling the masses in libraries. This requires an examination of the way the library population was categorized, as well as of the bureaucratization and normalization of the user.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"53 1","pages":"223 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x233850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x233832
J. Crawford
Abstract Traces the establishment, operation and purpose of two contrasting community 'social' libraries in Fenwick, Scotland in the early nineteenth century. Through an examination of book stock, declared library aims and members' occupations and interests, demonstrates that library activity was not a socially isolated phenomenon but reflected contemporary religious and political issues and controversies.
{"title":"Recovering the lost scottish community library: the example of Fenwick","authors":"J. Crawford","doi":"10.1179/174581607x233832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x233832","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traces the establishment, operation and purpose of two contrasting community 'social' libraries in Fenwick, Scotland in the early nineteenth century. Through an examination of book stock, declared library aims and members' occupations and interests, demonstrates that library activity was not a socially isolated phenomenon but reflected contemporary religious and political issues and controversies.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"201 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x233832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65566650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x233814
Anna-Lena Carlsson
Abstract Bamburgh Castle Library was a charity library kept in the historic castle on England's north-east coast. An examination of the borrowers' register, together with other archival sources regarding the library, from the early nineteenth century reveals a strong interest in different types of scientific literature. In 1800 scientific borrowings were dominated by the upper classes, whereas by 1810 the middle classes had become much more prominent as borrowers of scientific books. This change in usage links into the 'marginality thesis' in the history of science, which focuses on the emergence of a middle-class culture in Britain from a once 'marginalized' social formation.
{"title":"The geography of scientific culture in early nineteenth-century Britain: the case of Bamburgh Castle Library","authors":"Anna-Lena Carlsson","doi":"10.1179/174581607x233814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x233814","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bamburgh Castle Library was a charity library kept in the historic castle on England's north-east coast. An examination of the borrowers' register, together with other archival sources regarding the library, from the early nineteenth century reveals a strong interest in different types of scientific literature. In 1800 scientific borrowings were dominated by the upper classes, whereas by 1810 the middle classes had become much more prominent as borrowers of scientific books. This change in usage links into the 'marginality thesis' in the history of science, which focuses on the emergence of a middle-class culture in Britain from a once 'marginalized' social formation.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"179 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x233814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65565872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-01DOI: 10.1179/174581607x205626
B. Luyt
Abstract During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the American Library Association (ALA) became active in an alliance of public administrators, bank executives and teachers defending public spending from powerful populist anti-tax coalitions seeking drastic tax cuts as a solution to economic stagnation. Librarians were encouraged by the ALA to join the fight for 'constructive economy' that would reform and strengthen the role of public institutions. On the surface, this appears to be another example of the cyclical calls for library action that Michael Harris identified as characteristic of the profession's history. But in this case, the threat was real and the campaign produced significant long-term change. Librarians and their institutions became part of a much broader set of social forces that served to re-establish the hegemony of the American state at a time when it was particularly vulnerable to attack. In fact, the ALA's calls for 'constructive economy' foreshadowed and made possible the post-war Fordist compromise between monopoly capital, the state and organized labour. This article examines the role the ALA hoped libraries would play in the campaign against the anti-taxation groups and, using the work of social theorists Antonio Gramsci and Nicos Poulantzas, situates these efforts within the wider political economy of the time.
{"title":"The ALA, public libraries and the Great Depression","authors":"B. Luyt","doi":"10.1179/174581607x205626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174581607x205626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the American Library Association (ALA) became active in an alliance of public administrators, bank executives and teachers defending public spending from powerful populist anti-tax coalitions seeking drastic tax cuts as a solution to economic stagnation. Librarians were encouraged by the ALA to join the fight for 'constructive economy' that would reform and strengthen the role of public institutions. On the surface, this appears to be another example of the cyclical calls for library action that Michael Harris identified as characteristic of the profession's history. But in this case, the threat was real and the campaign produced significant long-term change. Librarians and their institutions became part of a much broader set of social forces that served to re-establish the hegemony of the American state at a time when it was particularly vulnerable to attack. In fact, the ALA's calls for 'constructive economy' foreshadowed and made possible the post-war Fordist compromise between monopoly capital, the state and organized labour. This article examines the role the ALA hoped libraries would play in the campaign against the anti-taxation groups and, using the work of social theorists Antonio Gramsci and Nicos Poulantzas, situates these efforts within the wider political economy of the time.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"23 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174581607x205626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65565502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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