Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.36092
Qian Xu, Kai Chen, Xueqi Shen, Yi Huan
─ In a reverberation chamber, analytical solutions exist in very limited scenarios for the distribution of the boundary fields. For arbitrary-shaped objects, analytical solutions may not exist. To solve this problem, a general numerical method is proposed to obtain the mean field distribution near arbitrary-shaped objects in a random diffused-wave environment. The proposed method combines the full-wave method and the Monte-Carlo method; the numerical results are validated and compared with that from analytical equations. The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary-shaped objects with general material properties. Index Terms ─ Boundary fields, Monte-Carlo simulation, plane wave model, reverberation chamber.
{"title":"Simulating Boundary Fields of Arbitrary-shaped Objects in a Reverberation Chamber","authors":"Qian Xu, Kai Chen, Xueqi Shen, Yi Huan","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36092","url":null,"abstract":"─ In a reverberation chamber, analytical solutions exist in very limited scenarios for the distribution of the boundary fields. For arbitrary-shaped objects, analytical solutions may not exist. To solve this problem, a general numerical method is proposed to obtain the mean field distribution near arbitrary-shaped objects in a random diffused-wave environment. The proposed method combines the full-wave method and the Monte-Carlo method; the numerical results are validated and compared with that from analytical equations. The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary-shaped objects with general material properties. Index Terms ─ Boundary fields, Monte-Carlo simulation, plane wave model, reverberation chamber.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74992570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
─ In this paper, a mode stirrer composed of random positioned metal plates is proposed for reverberation chamber. The designing procedure of the mode stirrer is presented. The designed stirrer is compared with the common Z-shaped stirrer in both simulation and measurement. It is shown that in general the proposed stirrer outperforms the common Z-shaped stirrer with the same sweeping volume. Nevertheless, the measurement results show that the performance improvement of the designed stirrer becomes insignificant at higher frequencies with additional platform stirring. Albeit the difference, the stirring improvement of the designed stirrer is clearly demonstrated at low frequencies, which is more important due to the inherent low mode density at low frequency. Index Terms ─ Independent sample number, measurement uncertainty, mode stirrer, reverberation chamber.
{"title":"A New Mode Stirrer Design for the Reverberation Chamber","authors":"Jiazhi Tang, Furong Li, Junhao Zheng, Xiaoming Chen, Yingsong Li, Juan Chen","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36099","url":null,"abstract":"─ In this paper, a mode stirrer composed of random positioned metal plates is proposed for reverberation chamber. The designing procedure of the mode stirrer is presented. The designed stirrer is compared with the common Z-shaped stirrer in both simulation and measurement. It is shown that in general the proposed stirrer outperforms the common Z-shaped stirrer with the same sweeping volume. Nevertheless, the measurement results show that the performance improvement of the designed stirrer becomes insignificant at higher frequencies with additional platform stirring. Albeit the difference, the stirring improvement of the designed stirrer is clearly demonstrated at low frequencies, which is more important due to the inherent low mode density at low frequency. Index Terms ─ Independent sample number, measurement uncertainty, mode stirrer, reverberation chamber.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77270279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360812
Jiawei Ren, Hongjian Wang, Weichun Shi, Minzheng Ma
─ A novel serrated ground plane (NSGP) for na low-loss reflectarray antenna is presented in this paper. Compared with a conventional smooth ground plane (CGP), the NSGP consists of a series of serrated elements, which can reflect the incident waves in the main beam direction, so the losses of the reflectarray can be effectively reduced. The principle and losses of reflectarray antennas are studied and analyzed. Then, a low-loss NSGP is proposed, and two design methods for the NSGP are given in this paper. Finally, a reflectarray antenna with elements arranged in a 15×15 grid is designed, simulated and measured with the NSGP and CGP respectively within the frequency from 12.88 to 13.88GHz. The results show that the reflectarray antenna with the NSGP can effectively utilize the reflected waves and has a maximum higher gain of 0.681 dB compared with the gain of the reflectarray with the CGP. This NSGP has a potential to be used in the high accurate design of the reflectarray which requires to realize beam forming, low-loss, high-efficiency, etc. Index Terms ─ High-accuracy, high gain, low-loss, reflectarray antenna, reflector antenna, serrated ground plane.
{"title":"Analysis of the Serrated Ground Plane for a Low-Loss Reflectarray Antenna","authors":"Jiawei Ren, Hongjian Wang, Weichun Shi, Minzheng Ma","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360812","url":null,"abstract":"─ A novel serrated ground plane (NSGP) for na low-loss reflectarray antenna is presented in this paper. Compared with a conventional smooth ground plane (CGP), the NSGP consists of a series of serrated elements, which can reflect the incident waves in the main beam direction, so the losses of the reflectarray can be effectively reduced. The principle and losses of reflectarray antennas are studied and analyzed. Then, a low-loss NSGP is proposed, and two design methods for the NSGP are given in this paper. Finally, a reflectarray antenna with elements arranged in a 15×15 grid is designed, simulated and measured with the NSGP and CGP respectively within the frequency from 12.88 to 13.88GHz. The results show that the reflectarray antenna with the NSGP can effectively utilize the reflected waves and has a maximum higher gain of 0.681 dB compared with the gain of the reflectarray with the CGP. This NSGP has a potential to be used in the high accurate design of the reflectarray which requires to realize beam forming, low-loss, high-efficiency, etc. Index Terms ─ High-accuracy, high gain, low-loss, reflectarray antenna, reflector antenna, serrated ground plane.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77572465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360910
Fangyun Peng, Xiaoming Chen, Furong Li, Xiaobo Liu, Jiaying Zhang, Ming Zhang, Yingsong Li
─ A near-field planar array of wideband dual polarized antennas for plane-wave synthesis has been investigated. The paper presents a PWG with a concentric ring array of 84 Vivaldi antennas which can work at 0.6GHz-3GHz. The constraint least square (CLS) algorithm is used to optimize the weight coefficients of the array elements, which effectively reduce the influence of system uncertainty on quiet zone (QZ) ripple. To reduce the system cost and complexity, the array elements in each concentric ring form a sub-array and the elements of the same sub-array adopt a passive beam forming network. The simulation and initial test results of a circular QZ with a diameter of 600 mm are given. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Index Terms ─ Constrained Least Square (CLS), plane wave synthesis, wideband dual polarized.
{"title":"Design of an Array-based Plane Wave Generator for Compact Field Antenna Testing","authors":"Fangyun Peng, Xiaoming Chen, Furong Li, Xiaobo Liu, Jiaying Zhang, Ming Zhang, Yingsong Li","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360910","url":null,"abstract":"─ A near-field planar array of wideband dual polarized antennas for plane-wave synthesis has been investigated. The paper presents a PWG with a concentric ring array of 84 Vivaldi antennas which can work at 0.6GHz-3GHz. The constraint least square (CLS) algorithm is used to optimize the weight coefficients of the array elements, which effectively reduce the influence of system uncertainty on quiet zone (QZ) ripple. To reduce the system cost and complexity, the array elements in each concentric ring form a sub-array and the elements of the same sub-array adopt a passive beam forming network. The simulation and initial test results of a circular QZ with a diameter of 600 mm are given. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Index Terms ─ Constrained Least Square (CLS), plane wave synthesis, wideband dual polarized.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77712950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360704
N. F. Sallehuddin, M. Jamaluddin, M. Kamarudin, M. H. Dahri
The performance of a proposed cross hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) element for dual polarization configuration operating at 26 GHz for 5G applications is presented in this paper. The new cross hybrid DRA unit cell is introduced which combines a cross shape DRA with a bottom loading cross microstrip patch. This technique of a bottom loading cross microstrip patch is chosen as the tuning mechanism (varying the length of the microstrip to tune the phase) instead of changing the DRA dimensions because of their ease of implementation and fabrication. By doing so, high reflection phase range with low reflection loss performance can be obtained, which is essential for a high bandwidth and high gain reflectarray for 5G applications. The design and simulation have been done using commercial software of CST MWS. The reflection loss, reflection phase and slope variation were analyzed and compared. A metallic cross microstrip patch of varying length placed beneath the DRA to act as the phase shifter to tune the phase and give smooth variation in slope with a large phase range. The proposed cross hybrid DRA unit cell provides a high reflection phase range of 342º and 1.8 dB reflection loss. The computed results are compared with experimental results revealing reasonable agreement, thereby confirming the viability of the design.
{"title":"Reflectarray Resonant Element based on a Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Applications","authors":"N. F. Sallehuddin, M. Jamaluddin, M. Kamarudin, M. H. Dahri","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360704","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a proposed cross hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) element for dual polarization configuration operating at 26 GHz for 5G applications is presented in this paper. The new cross hybrid DRA unit cell is introduced which combines a cross shape DRA with a bottom loading cross microstrip patch. This technique of a bottom loading cross microstrip patch is chosen as the tuning mechanism (varying the length of the microstrip to tune the phase) instead of changing the DRA dimensions because of their ease of implementation and fabrication. By doing so, high reflection phase range with low reflection loss performance can be obtained, which is essential for a high bandwidth and high gain reflectarray for 5G applications. The design and simulation have been done using commercial software of CST MWS. The reflection loss, reflection phase and slope variation were analyzed and compared. A metallic cross microstrip patch of varying length placed beneath the DRA to act as the phase shifter to tune the phase and give smooth variation in slope with a large phase range. The proposed cross hybrid DRA unit cell provides a high reflection phase range of 342º and 1.8 dB reflection loss. The computed results are compared with experimental results revealing reasonable agreement, thereby confirming the viability of the design.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80089626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360817
A. Dagamseh, Qasem M. Al-Zoubi, Q. Qananwah, H. Jaradat
─ In any sensory system, the Electromagnetic (EM) shielding of the channel-carrying signal is a fundamental technique to provide a noise-immune measurement system. Severe failures and uncertainty may occur if the external EM fields interfered with the measurements. Typically, the shielding is realized by enclosing the channel-carrying signal with thinconductive hollow structures. However, with such structures, it is required to provide access to the interior components from the outside, for wires' connections, or better heat dissipation. This can be considered as a weakness in such the external magnetic fields can penetrate through the shielding structure. In this paper, the EM shielding effectiveness is considered for long hollow-cylinder structures with slots. The induced eddy current in thin-conductive shielding systems with slots together with the magnetic fields at different conditions are modeled. The objective is to determine the impact of the integrated slots along with the structure. The influence of the slots' sizes (α) and position relative to the excitation magnetic field (i.e., the declination angle (β)) are investigated to evaluate the shielding effectiveness by means of the determination of the shielding factor. The results reveal the inherent relationship between the shield parameters and shielding effectiveness. The shielding effectiveness deteriorates by the slots' integration within the shielding surface. However, decreasing the size of the slots improves the shielding, significantly, towards the shielding effectiveness of the continuous cylindrical structure. Additionally, utilizing the symmetry in the structure positioning the slots in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field flux improves the shielding effectiveness, drastically. Such a model can be considered to evaluate the degree of effectiveness or success of integrating opening slots within the shielding structure, which can be applied to different types of instrumentation systems specifically at the sensor-electronics interface. Index Terms ─ Hollow cylinder, instrumentation system shielding, magnetic field, shielding effectiveness.
{"title":"Modelling of Electromagnetic Fields for Shielding Purposes Applied in Instrumentation Systems","authors":"A. Dagamseh, Qasem M. Al-Zoubi, Q. Qananwah, H. Jaradat","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360817","url":null,"abstract":"─ In any sensory system, the Electromagnetic (EM) shielding of the channel-carrying signal is a fundamental technique to provide a noise-immune measurement system. Severe failures and uncertainty may occur if the external EM fields interfered with the measurements. Typically, the shielding is realized by enclosing the channel-carrying signal with thinconductive hollow structures. However, with such structures, it is required to provide access to the interior components from the outside, for wires' connections, or better heat dissipation. This can be considered as a weakness in such the external magnetic fields can penetrate through the shielding structure. In this paper, the EM shielding effectiveness is considered for long hollow-cylinder structures with slots. The induced eddy current in thin-conductive shielding systems with slots together with the magnetic fields at different conditions are modeled. The objective is to determine the impact of the integrated slots along with the structure. The influence of the slots' sizes (α) and position relative to the excitation magnetic field (i.e., the declination angle (β)) are investigated to evaluate the shielding effectiveness by means of the determination of the shielding factor. The results reveal the inherent relationship between the shield parameters and shielding effectiveness. The shielding effectiveness deteriorates by the slots' integration within the shielding surface. However, decreasing the size of the slots improves the shielding, significantly, towards the shielding effectiveness of the continuous cylindrical structure. Additionally, utilizing the symmetry in the structure positioning the slots in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field flux improves the shielding effectiveness, drastically. Such a model can be considered to evaluate the degree of effectiveness or success of integrating opening slots within the shielding structure, which can be applied to different types of instrumentation systems specifically at the sensor-electronics interface. Index Terms ─ Hollow cylinder, instrumentation system shielding, magnetic field, shielding effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87721937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360702
Q. Feng, Yifeng Lin, Yushan Zheng, Long Li
In this paper, an improved array factor of the concentric uniform circular array (CUCA) antenna is proposed for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beam optimization design. From the perspective of the radiation pattern’s power conservation principle, a correction factor is introduced to the conventional array factor of CUCA. Then, based on the improved array factor, by adjusting the rings’ radii parameters of the CUCA, we optimize the vortex beam’s sidelobe level through the generic algorithm (GA). Two different CUCA antenna model are calculated as examples to further illustrate the effectiveness of the improved array factor. Subsequently, an electromagnetic simulation model of two rings CUCA antenna is built at C band for generating low sidelobe vortex beam carrying OAM mode. The electromagnetic simulation model of the designed CUCA antenna is also fabricated and measured. The corresponding antenna far-field vortex beam radiation pattern and near-field vortex wave electric field distributions are measured. The simulation results and the measurement results are in good agreement. The proposed designs of antenna and OAM vortex beam regulation are expected to be used for 5G and 6G communications applications
{"title":"Vortex Beam Optimization Design of Concentric Uniform Circular Array Antenna with Improved Array Factor","authors":"Q. Feng, Yifeng Lin, Yushan Zheng, Long Li","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360702","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an improved array factor of the concentric uniform circular array (CUCA) antenna is proposed for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beam optimization design. From the perspective of the radiation pattern’s power conservation principle, a correction factor is introduced to the conventional array factor of CUCA. Then, based on the improved array factor, by adjusting the rings’ radii parameters of the CUCA, we optimize the vortex beam’s sidelobe level through the generic algorithm (GA). Two different CUCA antenna model are calculated as examples to further illustrate the effectiveness of the improved array factor. Subsequently, an electromagnetic simulation model of two rings CUCA antenna is built at C band for generating low sidelobe vortex beam carrying OAM mode. The electromagnetic simulation model of the designed CUCA antenna is also fabricated and measured. The corresponding antenna far-field vortex beam radiation pattern and near-field vortex wave electric field distributions are measured. The simulation results and the measurement results are in good agreement. The proposed designs of antenna and OAM vortex beam regulation are expected to be used for 5G and 6G communications applications","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89901782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.36097
M. Çiydem, E. A. Miran
─ This work presents a wideband hybrid-fed ±45o linear dual-polarized patch antenna design for sub6 GHz 5G base stations. Two polarizations are created by a slot-coupling with rectangular H-slot (+45) and a capacitive coupling with modified L-probe (−45). Antenna exhibits wideband −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 40.7% and 35.6% for slot-fed and probe-fed ports, respectively. Due to the special design of suspended stacked patches with hybrid-fed excitations, high port isolation (< −47 dB) and high cross-polar discrimination (> 38 dB) are achieved. Symmetric and directional radiation patterns with stable gain are obtained in E and H planes for each polarization. Compared to its bandwidth, antenna is low-profile (10.6 mm) with front-to-back ratio greater than 22 dB. Simulations and experimental results are reported and discussed. Index Terms ─ 5G base station, cross-polar discrimination, dual-polarization, hybrid feeds, isolation, low-profile, massive MIMO, sub-6 GHz, wideband patch antenna.
{"title":"A Low-Profile Hybrid-Fed Dual-Polarized Antenna with High Isolation and High Cross-Polar Discrimination","authors":"M. Çiydem, E. A. Miran","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36097","url":null,"abstract":"─ This work presents a wideband hybrid-fed ±45o linear dual-polarized patch antenna design for sub6 GHz 5G base stations. Two polarizations are created by a slot-coupling with rectangular H-slot (+45) and a capacitive coupling with modified L-probe (−45). Antenna exhibits wideband −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 40.7% and 35.6% for slot-fed and probe-fed ports, respectively. Due to the special design of suspended stacked patches with hybrid-fed excitations, high port isolation (< −47 dB) and high cross-polar discrimination (> 38 dB) are achieved. Symmetric and directional radiation patterns with stable gain are obtained in E and H planes for each polarization. Compared to its bandwidth, antenna is low-profile (10.6 mm) with front-to-back ratio greater than 22 dB. Simulations and experimental results are reported and discussed. Index Terms ─ 5G base station, cross-polar discrimination, dual-polarization, hybrid feeds, isolation, low-profile, massive MIMO, sub-6 GHz, wideband patch antenna.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73601273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.36096
Qian Yang, Shuangyang Liu, K. Xu, A. Zhang
─ A novel synthesis method is proposed to design multi-band bandpass filters (BPFs) using an L-C ladder prototype lowpass filter loaded with two symmetric shorted stubs. The transmission zeros (TZs) are produced by the shorted stubs, which are used to realize multiple passbands. By controlling the number of the open stubs loaded on the shorted stub, the number of TZs is exactly determined. Therefore, multi-band BPF is easy to be obtained by increasing the number of the open stubs. The TZs can be adjusted by optimizing the L-C values of the equivalent circuit of the proposed filter to tune the center frequencies of each passband independently. The proposed BPF also has wide upper stopband. For demonstration, an octa-band BPF is designed and manufactured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones. Index Terms ─ Bandpass filters, multi-band, octa-band, transmission zeros, wide upper stopband.
{"title":"Compact Octa-band Bandpass Filter based on Controllable Transmission Zeros with Wide Upper Stopband","authors":"Qian Yang, Shuangyang Liu, K. Xu, A. Zhang","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36096","url":null,"abstract":"─ A novel synthesis method is proposed to design multi-band bandpass filters (BPFs) using an L-C ladder prototype lowpass filter loaded with two symmetric shorted stubs. The transmission zeros (TZs) are produced by the shorted stubs, which are used to realize multiple passbands. By controlling the number of the open stubs loaded on the shorted stub, the number of TZs is exactly determined. Therefore, multi-band BPF is easy to be obtained by increasing the number of the open stubs. The TZs can be adjusted by optimizing the L-C values of the equivalent circuit of the proposed filter to tune the center frequencies of each passband independently. The proposed BPF also has wide upper stopband. For demonstration, an octa-band BPF is designed and manufactured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones. Index Terms ─ Bandpass filters, multi-band, octa-band, transmission zeros, wide upper stopband.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76429384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360703
Haixu Wang, Yingsong Li
This paper introduces a constrained normalized adaptive sparse array beamforming algorithm based on approximate L0-norm and logarithmic cost (L0-CNLMLS). The proposed algorithm can control the sparsity of the array by introducing an approximate function of L0-norm. In addition, the introduction of logarithmic cost improves the stability of the algorithm as well as the convergence rate of the algorithm. The sparsity of the array can be controlled when adjusting related parameter in the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the better performance of L0-CNLMLS compared with some conventional algorithms.
{"title":"n Adaptive Sparse Array Beamforming Algorithm Based on Approximate L0-norm and Logarithmic Cost","authors":"Haixu Wang, Yingsong Li","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360703","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a constrained normalized adaptive sparse array beamforming algorithm based on approximate L0-norm and logarithmic cost (L0-CNLMLS). The proposed algorithm can control the sparsity of the array by introducing an approximate function of L0-norm. In addition, the introduction of logarithmic cost improves the stability of the algorithm as well as the convergence rate of the algorithm. The sparsity of the array can be controlled when adjusting related parameter in the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the better performance of L0-CNLMLS compared with some conventional algorithms.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79240729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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