─ This paper presents a novel broadband base station antenna element covering 2G/3G/4G/5G bands. The proposed antenna consists of a dual-dipole radiator and an open-box shaped reflector. The main radiating portion of each dipole arm is designed with a dualhexagon shape to improve bandwidth. Four small hexagonal-shaped parasitic patches are adopted to further decrease the reflection coefficient. Dual polarization is excited by placing two dipoles orthogonally. The openbox shaped reflector derives from a planar metal plate with four inverted L-shaped edges which are arranged below the radiator to enhance the antenna gain and reduce the half power bandwidth (HPBW) in 3.3-3.8 GHz. The prototype has been fabricated and measured with bandwidth of 1.68-3.8 GHz, coupling below -20 dB, stable HPBW with 65°± 5° and average gain of 8.5 dBi. The values of the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) are better than 20 dB at the boresight and 10 dB within ±60° directions. The proposed antenna has a small overall size of 145×145×35.6 mm. Index Terms ─ 5G antenna, base station antenna, broadband antenna, dual-polarized antenna.
{"title":"A Broadband Dual-polarized Antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G Base Station Applications","authors":"Ya-li Chen, Yao‐Zong Sui, Zhiqun Yang, Xiaoyun Qu, Weihua Zong","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360912","url":null,"abstract":"─ This paper presents a novel broadband base station antenna element covering 2G/3G/4G/5G bands. The proposed antenna consists of a dual-dipole radiator and an open-box shaped reflector. The main radiating portion of each dipole arm is designed with a dualhexagon shape to improve bandwidth. Four small hexagonal-shaped parasitic patches are adopted to further decrease the reflection coefficient. Dual polarization is excited by placing two dipoles orthogonally. The openbox shaped reflector derives from a planar metal plate with four inverted L-shaped edges which are arranged below the radiator to enhance the antenna gain and reduce the half power bandwidth (HPBW) in 3.3-3.8 GHz. The prototype has been fabricated and measured with bandwidth of 1.68-3.8 GHz, coupling below -20 dB, stable HPBW with 65°± 5° and average gain of 8.5 dBi. The values of the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) are better than 20 dB at the boresight and 10 dB within ±60° directions. The proposed antenna has a small overall size of 145×145×35.6 mm. Index Terms ─ 5G antenna, base station antenna, broadband antenna, dual-polarized antenna.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"515 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77088293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360820
Xiaobao Chai, J. Si, Yihua Hu, Yingsheng Li, Dongshu Wang
─ This paper proposes three-phase 120° phase belt toroidal windings (120°-TW) and are applied in a double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (DSPMLSM), in which the incoming ends of all coils are on the same side and have the same incoming direction. First, the structure of the proposed motor is introduced and its operation principle is analyzed by describing the variation in the armature magnet field versus time. Second, based on the similar volume, magnetic load and electrical load, the initial parameters of the DSPMLSM with different winding arrangements are presented. Then, the finite-element models (FEMs) of the DSPMLSM with 120°-TW (120°-TWDSPMLSM) and traditional toroidal windings (TTW) are established to analyze the distribution of magnetic field, back electromotive force (back-EMF), detent force, thrust, efficiency and so on. Besides, the primary optimization of the detent force is designed. Finally, the results show that the thrust density and efficiency of the 120°TWDSPMLSM is higher than that of DSPMLSM with TTW (TTWDSPMLSM). Index Terms ─ Character analysis, double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, operation principle, three-phase 120° phase belt toroidal windings, thrust density.
{"title":"Characteristics Analysis of Double-Sided Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Three-Phase Toroidal Windings","authors":"Xiaobao Chai, J. Si, Yihua Hu, Yingsheng Li, Dongshu Wang","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360820","url":null,"abstract":"─ This paper proposes three-phase 120° phase belt toroidal windings (120°-TW) and are applied in a double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (DSPMLSM), in which the incoming ends of all coils are on the same side and have the same incoming direction. First, the structure of the proposed motor is introduced and its operation principle is analyzed by describing the variation in the armature magnet field versus time. Second, based on the similar volume, magnetic load and electrical load, the initial parameters of the DSPMLSM with different winding arrangements are presented. Then, the finite-element models (FEMs) of the DSPMLSM with 120°-TW (120°-TWDSPMLSM) and traditional toroidal windings (TTW) are established to analyze the distribution of magnetic field, back electromotive force (back-EMF), detent force, thrust, efficiency and so on. Besides, the primary optimization of the detent force is designed. Finally, the results show that the thrust density and efficiency of the 120°TWDSPMLSM is higher than that of DSPMLSM with TTW (TTWDSPMLSM). Index Terms ─ Character analysis, double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, operation principle, three-phase 120° phase belt toroidal windings, thrust density.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89293075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
─ In this paper, a compact multi-probe reverberation chamber (RC) is proposed for over-the-air (OTA) testing. 16 probe antennas are used to reduce the measurement time. Typical parameters of the RC, such as field uniformity (FU), quality factor (Q factor), and independent samples are given. Total radiated power (TRP) and pattern correlation measurements have been performed to validate the RC system. Index Terms ─ Compact, multi-probe RC, OTA.
{"title":"A Compact Multi-Probe Reverberation Chamber for Over-the-Air Testing","authors":"Wenjun Qi, Feng Fang, Wen-Qing Xia, Yongjiu Zhao, Lei Xing, Qian Xu","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360911","url":null,"abstract":"─ In this paper, a compact multi-probe reverberation chamber (RC) is proposed for over-the-air (OTA) testing. 16 probe antennas are used to reduce the measurement time. Typical parameters of the RC, such as field uniformity (FU), quality factor (Q factor), and independent samples are given. Total radiated power (TRP) and pattern correlation measurements have been performed to validate the RC system. Index Terms ─ Compact, multi-probe RC, OTA.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83585677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360711
Demiao Chu, Yujun Xiong, Ping Li
This paper presents a low-profile, high gain, beam-tilted continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antenna at W-band. The antenna compromises 32 radiating slots and is fed by a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) network with a linear source generator. To deflect the outgoing beam, the principle of linear array scanning is adopted to design inverted T-type structure in each stub to introduce wave path difference. PPW network allows the antenna to obtain lower profile compared to other transmission lines. The design procedure, and the antenna characterization are described. The main beam of the antenna is titled 12 degree in H-plane. The simulation and measured results show that this antenna achieves peak gain of 32.4 dB and a 12 degree beam tilt angle at 99GHz. S11 parameters of the antenna is less than -10 dB in a broadband from 96 GHz to 103 GHz. This antenna has an advantage of miniaturization over other high-gain antenna solutions. The promising performance of this proposed CTS antenna reveals the possible candidate for Millimeter wave (MMW) telecommunication applications.
{"title":"A Low-Profile and Beam-tilted Continuous Transverse Stub Array Antenna at W-band","authors":"Demiao Chu, Yujun Xiong, Ping Li","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360711","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low-profile, high gain, beam-tilted continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antenna at W-band. The antenna compromises 32 radiating slots and is fed by a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) network with a linear source generator. To deflect the outgoing beam, the principle of linear array scanning is adopted to design inverted T-type structure in each stub to introduce wave path difference. PPW network allows the antenna to obtain lower profile compared to other transmission lines. The design procedure, and the antenna characterization are described. The main beam of the antenna is titled 12 degree in H-plane. The simulation and measured results show that this antenna achieves peak gain of 32.4 dB and a 12 degree beam tilt angle at 99GHz. S11 parameters of the antenna is less than -10 dB in a broadband from 96 GHz to 103 GHz. This antenna has an advantage of miniaturization over other high-gain antenna solutions. The promising performance of this proposed CTS antenna reveals the possible candidate for Millimeter wave (MMW) telecommunication applications.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360824
R. Khan, K. Ng
─ The numerical study of electrocardiology involves prohibitive computational costs because of its complex and nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, a lowdimensional model of the cardiac monodomain formulation has been developed by using the deep learning method. The restricted Boltzmann machine and deep autoencoder machine learning techniques have been used to approximate the cardiac tissue’s full order dynamics. The proposed reduced order modeling begins with the development of the low-dimensional representations of the original system by implementing the neural networks from the numerical simulations of the full order monodomain system. Consequently, the reduced order representations have been utilized to construct the lower-dimensional model, and finally, it has been reconstructed back to the original system. Numerical results show that, the proposed deep learning MOR framework gained computational efficiency by a factor of 85 with acceptable accuracy. This paper compares the accuracy of the deep learning based model order reduction method with the two different techniques of model reduction: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The model order reduction deploying the deep learning method outperforms the POD and DMD concerning the modeling accuracy. Index Term ─ Autoencoder, Cardiac monodomain model, deep learning technique, dynamic mode decomposition, proper orthogonal decomposition, reduced order modeling, semi-implicit scheme.
{"title":"Model Order Reduction of Cardiac Monodomain Model using Deep Autoencoder Based Neural Networks","authors":"R. Khan, K. Ng","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360824","url":null,"abstract":"─ The numerical study of electrocardiology involves prohibitive computational costs because of its complex and nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, a lowdimensional model of the cardiac monodomain formulation has been developed by using the deep learning method. The restricted Boltzmann machine and deep autoencoder machine learning techniques have been used to approximate the cardiac tissue’s full order dynamics. The proposed reduced order modeling begins with the development of the low-dimensional representations of the original system by implementing the neural networks from the numerical simulations of the full order monodomain system. Consequently, the reduced order representations have been utilized to construct the lower-dimensional model, and finally, it has been reconstructed back to the original system. Numerical results show that, the proposed deep learning MOR framework gained computational efficiency by a factor of 85 with acceptable accuracy. This paper compares the accuracy of the deep learning based model order reduction method with the two different techniques of model reduction: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The model order reduction deploying the deep learning method outperforms the POD and DMD concerning the modeling accuracy. Index Term ─ Autoencoder, Cardiac monodomain model, deep learning technique, dynamic mode decomposition, proper orthogonal decomposition, reduced order modeling, semi-implicit scheme.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85093672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
─ With decades of development, the reverberation chamber (RC) has been proven to be a popular facility to determine antenna efficiency. One-, twoand threeantenna methods have been proposed to measure antenna efficiency without the need of a reference antenna. Due to the stochastic nature of RCbased measurements, the statistical analysis of the uncertainty is indispensable. Recently, the statistical uncertainty models for the oneand three-antenna methods were derived, however, the statistical model for the two-antenna method is still unknown to date. In this paper, the statistical uncertainty model of the twoantenna method is proposed. The approximated relative uncertainty is also given. The derived statistical uncertainty is verified by both simulations and measurements. It is experimentally verified that the statistical model can cope with hybrid stirring and assess the measurement uncertainty with and without frequency stirring in an efficient and convenient way. Index Terms ─ Antenna efficiency, measurement uncertainty, reverberation chamber, two-antenna method, hybrid stirring.
{"title":"Measurement Uncertainty of Antenna Efficiency Measured Using the Two-Antenna Method in a Reverberation Chamber","authors":"Wei Xue, Yuxin Ren, Xiaoming Chen, Zhengpeng Wang, Yingsong Li, Yi Huang","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36095","url":null,"abstract":"─ With decades of development, the reverberation chamber (RC) has been proven to be a popular facility to determine antenna efficiency. One-, twoand threeantenna methods have been proposed to measure antenna efficiency without the need of a reference antenna. Due to the stochastic nature of RCbased measurements, the statistical analysis of the uncertainty is indispensable. Recently, the statistical uncertainty models for the oneand three-antenna methods were derived, however, the statistical model for the two-antenna method is still unknown to date. In this paper, the statistical uncertainty model of the twoantenna method is proposed. The approximated relative uncertainty is also given. The derived statistical uncertainty is verified by both simulations and measurements. It is experimentally verified that the statistical model can cope with hybrid stirring and assess the measurement uncertainty with and without frequency stirring in an efficient and convenient way. Index Terms ─ Antenna efficiency, measurement uncertainty, reverberation chamber, two-antenna method, hybrid stirring.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360914
O. K. Jensen, Yilin Ji, Fengchun Zhang, W. Fan
─ In production testing, it is of importance to measure the key radiation parameters of an antenna under test (AUT), e.g., main beam peak and direction, sidelobes, and null depth and direction in a cost-effective setup with a short measurement time. As a result, practical measurement setups are often compact and equipped with only a few probes (or probe locations). However, these system limitations would introduce errors for antenna testing. This problem has become even more pronounced for 5G radios due to utilization of large-scale antenna configurations and high frequency bands. Spherical near-field measurements are nowadays an accurate and mature technique for characterizing AUTs, which however, necessitates a full spherical acquisition, leading to a long measurement time. Singlecut near-to-far-field transformation is a promising strategy since most of the key AUT parameters are available in the single-cut pattern and it requires much reduced measurement time. In this work, a simple and flexible scheme is proposed to evaluate errors introduced by limitations in practical setups for single-cut far-field (FF) antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, where the near-field data can be easily generated and modified according to the limitations introduced in practical multi-probe anechoic chamber setups, e.g., measurement distance, truncation range, and sampling interval. The reconstructed FF pattern is obtained using a commercial near-field to far-field transformation tool, SNIFT. The proposed scheme is numerically validated via comparing the reference FF pattern of a 4 × 8 uniform planar array composed of ideal Hertzian dipoles and reconstructed FF pattern. With the proposed scheme, the impact of practical system limitations on single-cut reconstruction accuracy can be easily analyzed. Index Terms ─ Antenna pattern measurement, nearfield far-field transformation, near field measurement, over-the-air testing, and single-cut antenna pattern.
{"title":"Single-cut Far-Field Antenna Radiation Pattern Reconstruction Accuracy Analysis in Compact Anechoic Chamber Setup","authors":"O. K. Jensen, Yilin Ji, Fengchun Zhang, W. Fan","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360914","url":null,"abstract":"─ In production testing, it is of importance to measure the key radiation parameters of an antenna under test (AUT), e.g., main beam peak and direction, sidelobes, and null depth and direction in a cost-effective setup with a short measurement time. As a result, practical measurement setups are often compact and equipped with only a few probes (or probe locations). However, these system limitations would introduce errors for antenna testing. This problem has become even more pronounced for 5G radios due to utilization of large-scale antenna configurations and high frequency bands. Spherical near-field measurements are nowadays an accurate and mature technique for characterizing AUTs, which however, necessitates a full spherical acquisition, leading to a long measurement time. Singlecut near-to-far-field transformation is a promising strategy since most of the key AUT parameters are available in the single-cut pattern and it requires much reduced measurement time. In this work, a simple and flexible scheme is proposed to evaluate errors introduced by limitations in practical setups for single-cut far-field (FF) antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, where the near-field data can be easily generated and modified according to the limitations introduced in practical multi-probe anechoic chamber setups, e.g., measurement distance, truncation range, and sampling interval. The reconstructed FF pattern is obtained using a commercial near-field to far-field transformation tool, SNIFT. The proposed scheme is numerically validated via comparing the reference FF pattern of a 4 × 8 uniform planar array composed of ideal Hertzian dipoles and reconstructed FF pattern. With the proposed scheme, the impact of practical system limitations on single-cut reconstruction accuracy can be easily analyzed. Index Terms ─ Antenna pattern measurement, nearfield far-field transformation, near field measurement, over-the-air testing, and single-cut antenna pattern.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87061176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360807
Y. Qasaymeh
─ In this communication, a compact design of a reconfigurable antenna array operating in the band IEEE 802.11a is presented. The proposed antenna array contains four radiating elements excited by a hybrid parallel-series-feed network. The hybrid feed technique is used to avoid the main beam squint due to frequency changes compared to series and parallel array feed topologies. Each of the four radiating elements consists of straight narrow strip inductor in parallel with an interdigital capacitor. The antenna resonant frequency is electronically controlled by placing PIN diodes switches at the resonant element's inputs. The antenna permits reconfigurable switching frequency bands between 5.25 and 5.82 GHz. The results of the return loss and pattern radiation are shown. The size of the whole antenna structure is about 64 × 18 mm and can potentially be used in wireless systems. Index Terms ─ Antenna array, hybrid feed, reconfigurable, miniaturized.
{"title":"Design of Compact Reconfigurable Antenna Array for WLAN Applications","authors":"Y. Qasaymeh","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360807","url":null,"abstract":"─ In this communication, a compact design of a reconfigurable antenna array operating in the band IEEE 802.11a is presented. The proposed antenna array contains four radiating elements excited by a hybrid parallel-series-feed network. The hybrid feed technique is used to avoid the main beam squint due to frequency changes compared to series and parallel array feed topologies. Each of the four radiating elements consists of straight narrow strip inductor in parallel with an interdigital capacitor. The antenna resonant frequency is electronically controlled by placing PIN diodes switches at the resonant element's inputs. The antenna permits reconfigurable switching frequency bands between 5.25 and 5.82 GHz. The results of the return loss and pattern radiation are shown. The size of the whole antenna structure is about 64 × 18 mm and can potentially be used in wireless systems. Index Terms ─ Antenna array, hybrid feed, reconfigurable, miniaturized.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73173443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.360821
A. Quddus, R. Saleem, Salman Arain, S. R. Hassan, M. F. Shafique
─ A low-profile electronically reconfigurable WLAN band-notched dual port multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) antenna design for ultra-wideband applications has been presented. Antenna elements exhibit good impedance match (S11 ≤ -10 dB) over entire ultrawideband (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) spectrum. The decoupling structure is used to improve isolation (S12/S21) above 20 dB over entire UWB band. Moreover, reconfigurable band-notching is achieved by inserting PIN diodes along the inverted L-shaped slots, in each radiator. Notch at WLAN (5.5 GHz) frequency band is achieved by switching the PIN diode to ‘OFF’ state. The antenna design is fabricated as well as measured, and the results suggests that the proposed design with switchable WLAN band-notch characteristics is suitable candidate for ultra-wideband applications. Index Terms ─ Isolation, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), PIN diodes, reconfigurable, ultra-wideband (UWB), WLAN band-notch.
{"title":"Electronically Reconfigurable WLAN Band-Notched MIMO Antenna for Ultra-wideband Applications","authors":"A. Quddus, R. Saleem, Salman Arain, S. R. Hassan, M. F. Shafique","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.360821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360821","url":null,"abstract":"─ A low-profile electronically reconfigurable WLAN band-notched dual port multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) antenna design for ultra-wideband applications has been presented. Antenna elements exhibit good impedance match (S11 ≤ -10 dB) over entire ultrawideband (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) spectrum. The decoupling structure is used to improve isolation (S12/S21) above 20 dB over entire UWB band. Moreover, reconfigurable band-notching is achieved by inserting PIN diodes along the inverted L-shaped slots, in each radiator. Notch at WLAN (5.5 GHz) frequency band is achieved by switching the PIN diode to ‘OFF’ state. The antenna design is fabricated as well as measured, and the results suggests that the proposed design with switchable WLAN band-notch characteristics is suitable candidate for ultra-wideband applications. Index Terms ─ Isolation, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), PIN diodes, reconfigurable, ultra-wideband (UWB), WLAN band-notch.","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78099511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47037/2021.aces.j.36093
Xiaoyu Huang, Xiaoming Chen, Huiling Pei, Yingsong Li
─ Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) overthe-air (OTA) testing has been seen as a promising solution for evaluation of the radio performance of MIMO devices. In this work, we compare the accuracy of two channel emulation methods, i.e., the prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) and the plane wave synthesis (PWS), in two-dimensional (2D) uniform and 3D sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), respectively. The PWS method is proven to be more accurate than the PFS for 2D uniform MPAC system. However, for 3D sectored MPAC system, the PFS method emerged to be better than the PWS method. To explain these seemingly contradicting findings, both the required number of active probes and the leakage of power spectrum are considered in this paper. It is found that the PWS method has higher emulation accuracy than the PFS method when the number of active probes becomes sufficiently large, whereas the PFS is more robust to the undersampling due to the limited number of active probes in practical 3D sectored MPAC system. Moreover, when the number of active probes is particularly small (less than the number of clusters in the probe panel), the emulation accuracy of the PWS method outperform its counterpart. Index Terms ─Multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), over-the-air (OTA), pre-faded signal synthesis (PFS), plane wave synthesis (PWS).
{"title":"Accuracy Comparisons of Channel Emulation Methods for Two-dimensional Uniform and Three-dimensional Sectored Multi-probe Anechoic Chamber","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang, Xiaoming Chen, Huiling Pei, Yingsong Li","doi":"10.47037/2021.aces.j.36093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.36093","url":null,"abstract":"─ Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) overthe-air (OTA) testing has been seen as a promising solution for evaluation of the radio performance of MIMO devices. In this work, we compare the accuracy of two channel emulation methods, i.e., the prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) and the plane wave synthesis (PWS), in two-dimensional (2D) uniform and 3D sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), respectively. The PWS method is proven to be more accurate than the PFS for 2D uniform MPAC system. However, for 3D sectored MPAC system, the PFS method emerged to be better than the PWS method. To explain these seemingly contradicting findings, both the required number of active probes and the leakage of power spectrum are considered in this paper. It is found that the PWS method has higher emulation accuracy than the PFS method when the number of active probes becomes sufficiently large, whereas the PFS is more robust to the undersampling due to the limited number of active probes in practical 3D sectored MPAC system. Moreover, when the number of active probes is particularly small (less than the number of clusters in the probe panel), the emulation accuracy of the PWS method outperform its counterpart. Index Terms ─Multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), over-the-air (OTA), pre-faded signal synthesis (PFS), plane wave synthesis (PWS).","PeriodicalId":8207,"journal":{"name":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87394891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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