R. Mulvaney, Julius Rix, S. Polfrey, M. Grieman, C. Martín, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Isobel F. Rowell, R. Tuckwell, E. Wolff
Abstract To understand the long-term climate and glaciological evolution of the ice sheet in the region bordering the Weddell Sea, the British Antarctic Survey has undertaken a series of successful ice core projects drilling to bedrock on Berkner Island, James Ross Island and the Fletcher Promontory. A new project, WACSWAIN, seeks to increase this knowledge by further drilling to bedrock on two further ice rises in this region. In a single-season project, an ice core was recovered to bedrock at 651 m on Skytrain Ice Rise using an ice core drill in a fluid-filled borehole. In a second season, a rapid access drill was used to recover ice chips to 323 m on Sherman Island in a dry borehole, though failing to reach the bedrock which was at an estimated depth of 428 m.
{"title":"Ice drilling on Skytrain Ice Rise and Sherman Island, Antarctica","authors":"R. Mulvaney, Julius Rix, S. Polfrey, M. Grieman, C. Martín, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Isobel F. Rowell, R. Tuckwell, E. Wolff","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To understand the long-term climate and glaciological evolution of the ice sheet in the region bordering the Weddell Sea, the British Antarctic Survey has undertaken a series of successful ice core projects drilling to bedrock on Berkner Island, James Ross Island and the Fletcher Promontory. A new project, WACSWAIN, seeks to increase this knowledge by further drilling to bedrock on two further ice rises in this region. In a single-season project, an ice core was recovered to bedrock at 651 m on Skytrain Ice Rise using an ice core drill in a fluid-filled borehole. In a second season, a rapid access drill was used to recover ice chips to 323 m on Sherman Island in a dry borehole, though failing to reach the bedrock which was at an estimated depth of 428 m.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"311 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43216230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Drilling and sampling are the most direct and effective methods available to study Antarctic subglacial lakes. Based on the Philberth probe, a Recoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) allows for in situ lake water measurement and sampling, through the addition of an upper thermal tip and a cable recoiling mechanism. RECAS-200, a prototype of RECAS, has a drilling depth of 200 m, a surface supply voltage of 800 VAC and a downhole power of ~9.6 kW during drilling. In this study, a heating control system for RECAS-200 was designed. The system avoids the need for high-power step-down converters, by separating heating power from control power, thereby reducing the overall weight of the probe and avoiding the need to increase cable diameter. We also introduce a self-developed, small, solid-state, 800 VAC power regulator and a fuzzy PID temperature control algorithm. Their purpose was to manage the power adjustment of each heating element and to provide closed-loop temperature control of certain heating elements which can easily burn out due to overheating. Test results indicated that the proposed RECAS-200 heating control system met all our design specifications and could be easily assembled into the RECAS-200 probe.
{"title":"Recoverable Autonomous Sonde for subglacial lakes exploration: heating control system design","authors":"Haibin Yu, Tianxing Zhu, Xiao Jiang, Yongzhen Tang, Xiaodong Li, Chong Li, Shengmiao Huang, Jianguang Shi, Youhong Sun, P. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Xiao Li, Yazhou Li, Shi-lin Peng","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drilling and sampling are the most direct and effective methods available to study Antarctic subglacial lakes. Based on the Philberth probe, a Recoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) allows for in situ lake water measurement and sampling, through the addition of an upper thermal tip and a cable recoiling mechanism. RECAS-200, a prototype of RECAS, has a drilling depth of 200 m, a surface supply voltage of 800 VAC and a downhole power of ~9.6 kW during drilling. In this study, a heating control system for RECAS-200 was designed. The system avoids the need for high-power step-down converters, by separating heating power from control power, thereby reducing the overall weight of the probe and avoiding the need to increase cable diameter. We also introduce a self-developed, small, solid-state, 800 VAC power regulator and a fuzzy PID temperature control algorithm. Their purpose was to manage the power adjustment of each heating element and to provide closed-loop temperature control of certain heating elements which can easily burn out due to overheating. Test results indicated that the proposed RECAS-200 heating control system met all our design specifications and could be easily assembled into the RECAS-200 probe.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"280 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksei V. Turkeev, N. I. Vasilev, V. Lipenkov, A. Bolshunov, A. Ekaykin, A. Dmitriev, Dmitrii A. Vasilev
Abstract Recent studies have shown that stratigraphically disturbed meteoric ice bedded at Vostok Station between 3318 and 3539 m dates back to 1.2 Ma BP and possibly beyond. As part of the VOICE (Vostok Oldest Ice Challenge) initiative, a new deviation from parent hole 5G-1 was made at depths of 3270–3291 m in the 2018/19 austral season with the aim of obtaining a replicate core of the old ice. Sidetracking was initiated using the standard KEMS-132 electromechanical drill routinely employed for deep ice coring at Vostok, without significant changes to its initial design. Here we describe the method and operating procedures for replicate coring at a targeted depth in an existing slant hole, involving the use of a cable-suspended electromechanical drill. The design of the milling cutter head used for sidetracking is presented. The performance characteristics and the experience of drilling branch-hole 5G-5 at Vostok are described and discussed.
摘要最近的研究表明，沃斯托克站3318米至3539米之间的地层扰动大气冰可以追溯到1.2 Ma BP，甚至可能更久。作为VOICE（Vostok Oldest Ice Challenge）计划的一部分，在2018/19年南极季节，在3270–3291米深处对母洞5G-1进行了新的偏离，目的是获得旧冰的复制核心。侧钻是使用标准KEMS-132机电钻机启动的，该钻机通常用于沃斯托克的深层冰取芯，其初始设计没有重大变化。在这里，我们描述了在现有斜孔的目标深度重复取芯的方法和操作程序，包括使用电缆悬挂的机电钻机。介绍了一种用于侧钻的铣刀头的设计。介绍和讨论了在沃斯托克钻探5G-5分支孔的性能特点和经验。
{"title":"Drilling the new 5G-5 branch hole at Vostok Station for collecting a replicate core of old meteoric ice","authors":"Aleksei V. Turkeev, N. I. Vasilev, V. Lipenkov, A. Bolshunov, A. Ekaykin, A. Dmitriev, Dmitrii A. Vasilev","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent studies have shown that stratigraphically disturbed meteoric ice bedded at Vostok Station between 3318 and 3539 m dates back to 1.2 Ma BP and possibly beyond. As part of the VOICE (Vostok Oldest Ice Challenge) initiative, a new deviation from parent hole 5G-1 was made at depths of 3270–3291 m in the 2018/19 austral season with the aim of obtaining a replicate core of the old ice. Sidetracking was initiated using the standard KEMS-132 electromechanical drill routinely employed for deep ice coring at Vostok, without significant changes to its initial design. Here we describe the method and operating procedures for replicate coring at a targeted depth in an existing slant hole, involving the use of a cable-suspended electromechanical drill. The design of the milling cutter head used for sidetracking is presented. The performance characteristics and the experience of drilling branch-hole 5G-5 at Vostok are described and discussed.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"305 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43758013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhengyi Hu, G. Shi, P. Talalay, Yuansheng Li, Xiaopeng Fan, C. An, Nan Zhang, Chuanjin Li, Ke Liu, Jinhai Yu, Cheng Yang, B. Li, Bowen Liu, T. Ma
Abstract A deep ice core was drilled at Dome A, Antarctic Plateau, East Antarctica, which started with the installation of a casing in January 2012 and reached 800.8 m in January 2017. To date, a total of 337 successful ice-core drilling runs have been conducted, including 118 runs to drill the pilot hole. The total drilling time was 52 days, of which eight days were required for drilling down and reaming the pilot hole, and 44 days for deep ice coring. The average penetration depths of individual runs were 1 and 3.1 m for the pilot hole drilling and deep ice coring, respectively. The quality of the ice cores was imperfect in the brittle zone (650−800 m). Some of the troubles encountered are discussed for reference, such as armoured cable knotting, screws falling into the hole bottom, and damaged parts, among others.
{"title":"Deep ice-core drilling to 800 m at Dome A in East Antarctica","authors":"Zhengyi Hu, G. Shi, P. Talalay, Yuansheng Li, Xiaopeng Fan, C. An, Nan Zhang, Chuanjin Li, Ke Liu, Jinhai Yu, Cheng Yang, B. Li, Bowen Liu, T. Ma","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A deep ice core was drilled at Dome A, Antarctic Plateau, East Antarctica, which started with the installation of a casing in January 2012 and reached 800.8 m in January 2017. To date, a total of 337 successful ice-core drilling runs have been conducted, including 118 runs to drill the pilot hole. The total drilling time was 52 days, of which eight days were required for drilling down and reaming the pilot hole, and 44 days for deep ice coring. The average penetration depths of individual runs were 1 and 3.1 m for the pilot hole drilling and deep ice coring, respectively. The quality of the ice cores was imperfect in the brittle zone (650−800 m). Some of the troubles encountered are discussed for reference, such as armoured cable knotting, screws falling into the hole bottom, and damaged parts, among others.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"293 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jiskoot, D. Dahl-Jensen, Nicolas Eckert, F. Pattyn, R. Greve, T. Popp, S. B. Hansen, P. Talalay, O. Alemany, K. Kawamura, Keith Makinson, H. Motoyama, K. Nielsen, J. Schwander, Kristina R. Slawny, F. Wilhelms, G. Flowers, C. Hulbe, J. Stroeve, A. Leeson
{"title":"AOG volume 62 issue 84 Cover and Front matter","authors":"H. Jiskoot, D. Dahl-Jensen, Nicolas Eckert, F. Pattyn, R. Greve, T. Popp, S. B. Hansen, P. Talalay, O. Alemany, K. Kawamura, Keith Makinson, H. Motoyama, K. Nielsen, J. Schwander, Kristina R. Slawny, F. Wilhelms, G. Flowers, C. Hulbe, J. Stroeve, A. Leeson","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42402235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AOG volume 62 issue 84 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":" ","pages":"b1 - b1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi-lin Peng, Xiao Jiang, Yong Tang, Chong Li, Xiaodong Li, Shengmiao Huang, Tianxing Zhu, Jianguang Shi, Youhong Sun, P. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Nan Zhang, B. Li, D. Gong, Haibin Yu
Abstract Subglacial lake exploration is of great interest to the science community. RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) provides an exploration tool to measure and sample subglacial lake environments while the subglacial lake remains isolated from the glacier surface and atmosphere. This paper presents an electronic control system design of 200 m prototype of RECAS. The proposed electronic control system consists of a surface system, a downhole control system, and a power transfer and communication system. The downhole control system is the core element of RECAS, and is responsible for sonde status monitoring, sonde motion control, subglacial water sampling and in situ analysis. A custom RS485 temperature sensor was developed to cater for the limited size and depth requirements of the system. We adopted a humidity-based measurement to monitor for a housing leak. This condition is because standard leak detection monitoring of water conductivity may be inapplicable to pure ice in Antarctica. A water sampler control board was designed to control the samplers and monitor the on/off state. A high-definition camera system with built-in storage and self-heating ability was designed to perform the video recording in the subglacial lake. The proposed electronic control system is proven effective after a series of tests.
{"title":"Recoverable autonomous sonde for subglacial lake exploration: electronic control system design","authors":"Shi-lin Peng, Xiao Jiang, Yong Tang, Chong Li, Xiaodong Li, Shengmiao Huang, Tianxing Zhu, Jianguang Shi, Youhong Sun, P. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Nan Zhang, B. Li, D. Gong, Haibin Yu","doi":"10.1017/aog.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Subglacial lake exploration is of great interest to the science community. RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) provides an exploration tool to measure and sample subglacial lake environments while the subglacial lake remains isolated from the glacier surface and atmosphere. This paper presents an electronic control system design of 200 m prototype of RECAS. The proposed electronic control system consists of a surface system, a downhole control system, and a power transfer and communication system. The downhole control system is the core element of RECAS, and is responsible for sonde status monitoring, sonde motion control, subglacial water sampling and in situ analysis. A custom RS485 temperature sensor was developed to cater for the limited size and depth requirements of the system. We adopted a humidity-based measurement to monitor for a housing leak. This condition is because standard leak detection monitoring of water conductivity may be inapplicable to pure ice in Antarctica. A water sampler control board was designed to control the samplers and monitor the on/off state. A high-definition camera system with built-in storage and self-heating ability was designed to perform the video recording in the subglacial lake. The proposed electronic control system is proven effective after a series of tests.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"263 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2021.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith Makinson, P. Anker, J. Garcés, D. J. Goodger, S. Polfrey, Julius Rix, Alejandro Silva, A. Smith, J. Uribe, R. Zamora
Abstract Recent drilling successes on Rutford Ice Stream in West Antarctica demonstrate the viability of hot water drilling subglacial access holes to depths >2000 m. Having techniques to access deep subglacial environments reliably paves the way for subglacial lake exploration beneath the thick central West Antarctic Ice Sheet. An ideal candidate lake, overlain by ~2650 m of ice, identified by Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Chile, has led to collaboration with British Antarctic Survey to access Subglacial Lake CECs (SLCECs). To conform with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research code of conduct, which provides a guide to responsible scientific exploration and stewardship of these pristine systems, any access drilling must minimise all aspects of contamination and disturbance of the subglacial environment. To meet these challenges, along with thicker ice and 2000 m elevation, pumping and water treatment systems developed for the Subglacial Lake Ellsworth project, together with new diesel generators, additional water heating and longer drill hose, are currently being integrated with the BEAMISH hot water drill. A dedicated test season near SLCECs will commission the new clean hot water drill, with testing and validation of all clean operating procedures. A subsequent season will then access SLCECs cleanly.
{"title":"Development of a clean hot water drill to access Subglacial Lake CECs, West Antarctica","authors":"Keith Makinson, P. Anker, J. Garcés, D. J. Goodger, S. Polfrey, Julius Rix, Alejandro Silva, A. Smith, J. Uribe, R. Zamora","doi":"10.1017/aog.2020.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent drilling successes on Rutford Ice Stream in West Antarctica demonstrate the viability of hot water drilling subglacial access holes to depths >2000 m. Having techniques to access deep subglacial environments reliably paves the way for subglacial lake exploration beneath the thick central West Antarctic Ice Sheet. An ideal candidate lake, overlain by ~2650 m of ice, identified by Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Chile, has led to collaboration with British Antarctic Survey to access Subglacial Lake CECs (SLCECs). To conform with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research code of conduct, which provides a guide to responsible scientific exploration and stewardship of these pristine systems, any access drilling must minimise all aspects of contamination and disturbance of the subglacial environment. To meet these challenges, along with thicker ice and 2000 m elevation, pumping and water treatment systems developed for the Subglacial Lake Ellsworth project, together with new diesel generators, additional water heating and longer drill hose, are currently being integrated with the BEAMISH hot water drill. A dedicated test season near SLCECs will commission the new clean hot water drill, with testing and validation of all clean operating procedures. A subsequent season will then access SLCECs cleanly.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"250 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2020.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carson W. I. McAfee, Julius Rix, S. Quirk, P. Anker, A. Brisbourne, Keith Makinson
Abstract A programmable borehole measurement system was deployed in hot water drilled ice holes during the ‘Bed Access and Monitoring of Ice Sheet History’ (BEAMISH) project to drill to the bed of the Rutford Ice Stream in West Antarctica. This system operates autonomously (no live data) after deployment, and records borehole diameter (non-contact measurement), water column pressure, heading and inclination. Three cameras, two sideways looking and one vertical, are also included for visual inspection of hole integrity and sediments. The system is small, lightweight (~35.5 kg) and low power using only 6 ‘D’ cell sized lithium batteries, making it ideal for transport and use in remote field sites. The system is 2.81 m long and 165 mm in diameter, and can be deployed attached to the drill hose for measurements during drilling or on its own deployment line afterwards. The full system is discussed in detail, highlighting design strengths and weaknesses. Data from the BEAMISH project are also presented in the form of camera images showing hole integrity, and sensor data used to calculate borehole diameter through the full length of the hole. These data are used to show confidence in hole verticality and subsurface cavity development and connection.
摘要:在南极西部Rutford冰流床上钻探的BEAMISH (Bed Access and Monitoring of ice Sheet History)项目中，在热水钻孔冰孔中部署了可编程钻孔测量系统。该系统在部署后自动运行(无实时数据)，并记录井径(非接触式测量)、水柱压力、井向和倾角。三个摄像头，两个侧视和一个垂直，还包括目视检查孔完整性和沉积物。该系统体积小，重量轻(约35.5 kg)，功耗低，仅使用6 ' D '电池大小的锂电池，非常适合运输和在偏远地区使用。该系统长2.81米，直径165毫米，可以在钻井过程中连接到钻井软管进行测量，也可以在钻井后连接到自己的部署管线上进行测量。对整个系统进行了详细的讨论，突出了设计的优缺点。BEAMISH项目的数据还以显示井眼完整性的相机图像和用于计算整个井眼直径的传感器数据的形式呈现。这些数据用于显示井眼垂直度和地下空腔发育和连接的可信度。
{"title":"Non-contact measurement system for hot water drilled ice boreholes","authors":"Carson W. I. McAfee, Julius Rix, S. Quirk, P. Anker, A. Brisbourne, Keith Makinson","doi":"10.1017/aog.2020.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.85","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A programmable borehole measurement system was deployed in hot water drilled ice holes during the ‘Bed Access and Monitoring of Ice Sheet History’ (BEAMISH) project to drill to the bed of the Rutford Ice Stream in West Antarctica. This system operates autonomously (no live data) after deployment, and records borehole diameter (non-contact measurement), water column pressure, heading and inclination. Three cameras, two sideways looking and one vertical, are also included for visual inspection of hole integrity and sediments. The system is small, lightweight (~35.5 kg) and low power using only 6 ‘D’ cell sized lithium batteries, making it ideal for transport and use in remote field sites. The system is 2.81 m long and 165 mm in diameter, and can be deployed attached to the drill hose for measurements during drilling or on its own deployment line afterwards. The full system is discussed in detail, highlighting design strengths and weaknesses. Data from the BEAMISH project are also presented in the form of camera images showing hole integrity, and sensor data used to calculate borehole diameter through the full length of the hole. These data are used to show confidence in hole verticality and subsurface cavity development and connection.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"223 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2020.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yazhou Li, Xiaopeng Fan, P. Talalay, Yinke Dou, Siyu Lu, Shi-chang Kang, Xiao Li, Jialin Hong
Abstract In glaciology, snow–firn temperature at 10 m is considered a representation of the mean annual air temperature at the surface (MAAT) of the studied site. Although MAAT is an important parameter in ice-sheet investigations, it has not been widely measured in Antarctica. To measure the 10 m snow–firn temperature in Antarctica, a shallow hot-point drill system is designed. In this simple and lightweight system, a hot-point drill can melt boreholes with a diameter of 34 mm in the snow–firn to a depth of 30 m and a temperature sensors string can measure the borehole temperature precisely. In the 2018/19 field season, 16 boreholes along the Zhongshan–Dome A traverse were drilled, and the borehole temperature was measured. Although certain problems existed pertaining to the hot-point drill, a total depth of ~244 m was successfully drilled at an average penetration rate of ~10 m h−1. After borehole drilling, ~12–15 h were generally required for the borehole to achieve thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. Preliminary results demonstrated that the 10 m snow–firn temperature along the traverse route was affected by the increasing altitude and latitude, and it decreased gradually with an increase in the distance from Zhongshan station.
摘要在冰川学中，10米处的积雪温度被认为是研究地点地表年平均气温（MAAT）的代表。尽管MAAT是冰盖调查中的一个重要参数，但它在南极洲尚未得到广泛测量。为了测量南极洲10米的雪原温度，设计了一个浅层热点钻探系统。在这个简单轻便的系统中，热点钻机可以在雪中融化直径为34毫米的钻孔，深度为30米，温度传感器串可以精确测量钻孔温度。2018/19年野外季节，沿中山-穹顶A导线共钻探了16个钻孔，并测量了钻孔温度。尽管热点钻机存在某些问题，但以约10 m h−1的平均渗透率成功钻取了约244 m的总深度。钻孔后，钻孔通常需要约12–15小时才能与周围环境实现热平衡。初步结果表明，导线沿线10m雪原温度受海拔和纬度增加的影响，随着距离中山站距离的增加而逐渐降低。
{"title":"Shallow hot-point drill system for active layer temperature measurement along Zhongshan–Dome A traverse, Antarctica","authors":"Yazhou Li, Xiaopeng Fan, P. Talalay, Yinke Dou, Siyu Lu, Shi-chang Kang, Xiao Li, Jialin Hong","doi":"10.1017/aog.2020.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In glaciology, snow–firn temperature at 10 m is considered a representation of the mean annual air temperature at the surface (MAAT) of the studied site. Although MAAT is an important parameter in ice-sheet investigations, it has not been widely measured in Antarctica. To measure the 10 m snow–firn temperature in Antarctica, a shallow hot-point drill system is designed. In this simple and lightweight system, a hot-point drill can melt boreholes with a diameter of 34 mm in the snow–firn to a depth of 30 m and a temperature sensors string can measure the borehole temperature precisely. In the 2018/19 field season, 16 boreholes along the Zhongshan–Dome A traverse were drilled, and the borehole temperature was measured. Although certain problems existed pertaining to the hot-point drill, a total depth of ~244 m was successfully drilled at an average penetration rate of ~10 m h−1. After borehole drilling, ~12–15 h were generally required for the borehole to achieve thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. Preliminary results demonstrated that the 10 m snow–firn temperature along the traverse route was affected by the increasing altitude and latitude, and it decreased gradually with an increase in the distance from Zhongshan station.","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":"62 1","pages":"157 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/aog.2020.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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