Live-strandings of cetaceans are uncommon in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. However, an adult female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with normal body condition was recorded at Pelicano’s Beach on the coast of Veracruz State. Health assessment showed multiple external injuries, possibly caused by the stranding event, as well as potential bacterial infection, and, thus, the individual was held in temporary facilities for rehabilitation. Blood samples were taken to assess the health status of the individual and were also analyzed for concentrations of 20 pollutants (14 organochlorine pesticides [OCPs] and six heavy metals [HMs]). The animal was released and found dead within a few days. The concentration of OCPs and HMs were close or above the government limits. Although these were lower than those reported in other living, free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, there are well-known negative effects for health. Low OCP values were attributed to an offloading process through lactation or mobility of the lipophilic OCPs that pass from blood to fat. Whereas HM concentrations (mainly non-essential metals: mercury [Hg], lead [Pb], and cadmium [Cd]—2.73, 21.13, and 12.67 µg L-1, respectively) were probably linked to the diet and the possible distribution of the specimen (possibly offshore). This is the first report on pollutants from anthropogenic origin in the area where uncontrolled activities are of major concern within a protected national reef park. Since marine ecosystems are under continuous pressure, several health issues for top predators are being noticed; therefore, this study underlines the relevance of studying health status of marine mammals in the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
{"title":"First Report of Organochlorine Pesticides and Heavy Metals in a Stranded Bottlenose Dolphin Off the Central Coast of Veracruz State: A Warning to Assess Pollution in a Reef Marine Ecosystem from the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Isabel Hernández-Candelario, Violeta Pardío-Sedas, Casandra Gálvez, Eduardo Morteo","doi":"10.1578/am.50.2.2024.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.2.2024.152","url":null,"abstract":"Live-strandings of cetaceans are uncommon in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. However, an adult female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with normal body condition was recorded at Pelicano’s Beach on the coast of Veracruz State. Health assessment showed multiple external injuries, possibly caused by the stranding event, as well as potential bacterial infection, and, thus, the individual was held in temporary facilities for rehabilitation. Blood samples were taken to assess the health status of the individual and were also analyzed for concentrations of 20 pollutants (14 organochlorine pesticides [OCPs] and six heavy metals [HMs]). The animal was released and found dead within a few days. The concentration of OCPs and HMs were close or above the government limits. Although these were lower than those reported in other living, free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, there are well-known negative effects for health. Low OCP values were attributed to an offloading process through lactation or mobility of the lipophilic OCPs that pass from blood to fat. Whereas HM concentrations (mainly non-essential metals: mercury [Hg], lead [Pb], and cadmium [Cd]—2.73, 21.13, and 12.67 µg L-1, respectively) were probably linked to the diet and the possible distribution of the specimen (possibly offshore). This is the first report on pollutants from anthropogenic origin in the area where uncontrolled activities are of major concern within a protected national reef park. Since marine ecosystems are under continuous pressure, several health issues for top predators are being noticed; therefore, this study underlines the relevance of studying health status of marine mammals in the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1578/am.50.2.2024.127
Andrés Moreira-Mendieta, Diego O. Urquía, Pacarina Asadobay, D. Páez-Rosas
{"title":"Evidence of a Predatory Interaction of a Cookiecutter Shark (Isistius brasiliensis) on Galapagos Fur Seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis)","authors":"Andrés Moreira-Mendieta, Diego O. Urquía, Pacarina Asadobay, D. Páez-Rosas","doi":"10.1578/am.50.2.2024.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.2.2024.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1578/am.50.2.2024.132
Marc A. Webber, W. Keener, T. Markowitz, David Chamberlin, Darrin Allen, Rebekah S. Lane, Josephine M. Slaathaug, Pilar N. Rodriguez, Kathi George, J. E. O’Hern
Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) evolved to suction feed on benthic invertebrates and typically do not consume adult fish. Yet, these whales are flexible foragers, occasionally skim feeding on planktonic invertebrates and rarely lunge feeding on fish, the latter according to anecdotal accounts. We documented the unusual phenomenon of multiple gray whales predating dense schools of anchovy over a sustained period (22 days) in June 2022 at Pacifica, California, in the Gulf of the Farallones. Analysis of 11,265 photos and 11 video clips (totaling 4 min 16 s) for behavior and whale identification resulted in a total of 165 foraging events by six identified gray whales. Attribution of foraging behavior to the most active individuals was achieved by matching left pectoral fins, visible during lateralized feeding behavior. Whales rolled onto their right sides in 96% of near-surface side-swimming bouts. Another behavior, first photographed here, was dynamic surface lunge feeding by one gray whale. Five gray whales interspersed fish feeding with benthic suction feeding evidenced by sediment streaming: prey type switching was executed rapidly, in less than 1 minute in several instances, the shortest intervals reported for a baleen whale. Similar results were obtained for foraging behavior switching (continuous side-swimming or intermittent lunging) in pursuit of fish. Four photo-identified Pacifica whales were sighted in San Francisco Bay/Gulf of the Farallones, one of which was also matched to the Pacific Coast Feeding Group. Such local and regional connections warrant efforts to determine whether gray whales use this area as a migratory stopover site or for summer foraging, or both. Our observations confirm gray whale behavioral plasticity and opportunistic exploitation of food resources in mid-latitudes, which may enhance their resilience to climate change.
{"title":"Fish Feeding and Rapid Foraging Behavior Switching by Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in California","authors":"Marc A. Webber, W. Keener, T. Markowitz, David Chamberlin, Darrin Allen, Rebekah S. Lane, Josephine M. Slaathaug, Pilar N. Rodriguez, Kathi George, J. E. O’Hern","doi":"10.1578/am.50.2.2024.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.2.2024.132","url":null,"abstract":"Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) evolved to suction feed on benthic invertebrates and typically do not consume adult fish. Yet, these whales are flexible foragers, occasionally skim feeding on planktonic invertebrates and rarely lunge feeding on fish, the latter according to anecdotal accounts. We documented the unusual phenomenon of multiple gray whales predating dense schools of anchovy over a sustained period (22 days) in June 2022 at Pacifica, California, in the Gulf of the Farallones. Analysis of 11,265 photos and 11 video clips (totaling 4 min 16 s) for behavior and whale identification resulted in a total of 165 foraging events by six identified gray whales. Attribution of foraging behavior to the most active individuals was achieved by matching left pectoral fins, visible during lateralized feeding behavior. Whales rolled onto their right sides in 96% of near-surface side-swimming bouts. Another behavior, first photographed here, was dynamic surface lunge feeding by one gray whale. Five gray whales interspersed fish feeding with benthic suction feeding evidenced by sediment streaming: prey type switching was executed rapidly, in less than 1 minute in several instances, the shortest intervals reported for a baleen whale. Similar results were obtained for foraging behavior switching (continuous side-swimming or intermittent lunging) in pursuit of fish. Four photo-identified Pacifica whales were sighted in San Francisco Bay/Gulf of the Farallones, one of which was also matched to the Pacific Coast Feeding Group. Such local and regional connections warrant efforts to determine whether gray whales use this area as a migratory stopover site or for summer foraging, or both. Our observations confirm gray whale behavioral plasticity and opportunistic exploitation of food resources in mid-latitudes, which may enhance their resilience to climate change.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1578/am.50.2.2024.122
Jaime Bolaños‐Jiménez, Tulio Gutiérrez
{"title":"An Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) Live-Stranding in Venezuela: First Record for the Caribbean Sea","authors":"Jaime Bolaños‐Jiménez, Tulio Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1578/am.50.2.2024.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.2.2024.122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cetaceans can serve as sentinel species in marine environments as long-lived, apex predators that can concentrate environmental contaminants with potential health consequences. Thus, monitoring the well-being of these species may provide an additional indicator of ecosystem health. In cetaceans, one method for assessing individual and population health is by examining skin conditions. For decades, skin lesions have been increasingly documented in coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) worldwide. Lesion presence can indicate diminished health and may reflect environmental stressors. Herein, we document the prevalence of epidermal lesions/marks in bottlenose dolphins from the waters off New York and New Jersey during their seasonal presence from spring to fall. Photographs of distinct individuals sighted from May to October 2017 to 2021 were compiled into a catalog, and skin lesions were categorized and counted. Annually, the lowest skin lesion prevalence was in 2021 (p = 0.31), and the highest was in 2017 (p = 0.81). By month, prevalence generally decreased from spring to fall. Overall lesion prevalence in this population was higher than reported estimates for other populations in the coastal waters of the United States. The five most common categories were cloudy white spots, dark spots, white amorphous lesions, tattoo lesions, and dark fringe lesions; and the three most common groups were potentially pathogenic lesions, hypopigmentation, and rake mark-associated potentially pathogenic lesions. Some of the observed lesions have been associated with viral infections that may be exacerbated by environmental stressors. This research establishes an important baseline for further studies into bottlenose dolphin population health in and around the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, particularly given the continued expansion of anthropogenic activities, including those related to forthcoming offshore wind development.
{"title":"Photo-Identification and Skin Lesion Prevalence of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) in the Waters of New York and New Jersey","authors":"Sarah G. Trabue, M. Rekdahl, Howard C. Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1578/am.50.2.2024.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.2.2024.65","url":null,"abstract":"Cetaceans can serve as sentinel species in marine environments as long-lived, apex predators that can concentrate environmental contaminants with potential health consequences. Thus, monitoring the well-being of these species may provide an additional indicator of ecosystem health. In cetaceans, one method for assessing individual and population health is by examining skin conditions. For decades, skin lesions have been increasingly documented in coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) worldwide. Lesion presence can indicate diminished health and may reflect environmental stressors. Herein, we document the prevalence of epidermal lesions/marks in bottlenose dolphins from the waters off New York and New Jersey during their seasonal presence from spring to fall. Photographs of distinct individuals sighted from May to October 2017 to 2021 were compiled into a catalog, and skin lesions were categorized and counted. Annually, the lowest skin lesion prevalence was in 2021 (p = 0.31), and the highest was in 2017 (p = 0.81). By month, prevalence generally decreased from spring to fall. Overall lesion prevalence in this population was higher than reported estimates for other populations in the coastal waters of the United States. The five most common categories were cloudy white spots, dark spots, white amorphous lesions, tattoo lesions, and dark fringe lesions; and the three most common groups were potentially pathogenic lesions, hypopigmentation, and rake mark-associated potentially pathogenic lesions. Some of the observed lesions have been associated with viral infections that may be exacerbated by environmental stressors. This research establishes an important baseline for further studies into bottlenose dolphin population health in and around the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, particularly given the continued expansion of anthropogenic activities, including those related to forthcoming offshore wind development.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joëlle De Weerdt, E. A. Ramos, Tatiana A. Acosta-Pachón
{"title":"First Records of Pinnipeds (Otariidae) Along the Pacific Coast of Nicaragua","authors":"Joëlle De Weerdt, E. A. Ramos, Tatiana A. Acosta-Pachón","doi":"10.1578/am.50.1.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.1.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Calvo-Mac, Macarena Barros-Lama, Gonzalo K. Martínez-Leiva, Miguel Salgado, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
{"title":"Exposure to Pathogenic Leptospira and Toxoplasma gondii in Endangered Native Otters of the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Ecoregion in Chile","authors":"Carlos Calvo-Mac, Macarena Barros-Lama, Gonzalo K. Martínez-Leiva, Miguel Salgado, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel","doi":"10.1578/am.50.1.2024.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.1.2024.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Sea Mammals: The Past and Present Lives of Our Oceans’ Cornerstone Species","authors":"R. Nawojchik","doi":"10.1578/am.50.1.2024.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.1.2024.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Savanna M. Duda, Manon Themelin, Amy C. Hirons, K. Dudzinski
The relationship between a dolphin mother and her calf has been well studied, but details regarding tactile exchanges within these dyads are limited. Contacts between five adult female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their calves, with data from three pairs analyzed statistically, were examined from video collected in October 2017, 2018, 2019, and in January 2018. Of 289 contact events, calves initiated 65.7% (n = 190), of which 82.6% (n = 157) were affiliative; 77.8% (n = 77) of mother-initiated contacts were categorized similarly. Thus, the overall trend for mother–calf contacts was affiliative. Mothers initiated contact with the dorsal fin less often (n = 3), while calves initiated with their dorsal fin more often (n = 40), especially one-year-old (C1) calves (n = 33). The body was used to initiate contact more by three-year-old (C3) calves (n = 47) and less by C1 calves (n = 22). Both results are likely an artifact of the infant position used by calves at different developmental stages. Only two-year-old (C2) calves initiated agonistic contact with their rostrum (n = 4); 75% of these contacts were initiated by one male calf. Mothers used the body to initiate contact with most calf ages, though contact by pectoral fin occurred more often than expected with their C2 calves (n = 11). Since 72.7% of these contacts came from one mother, a specific maternal style may be present. Only one mother used her rostrum with her C3 calf to initiate agonistic contacts; all others used the fluke. Several variables, including individual preference, calf sex, and maternal experience, may explain some of the contact patterns, but a larger sample size is needed to illustrate potential patterns among pairs. Still, these results support the notion that mother–calf dyads share more affiliative than agonistic contacts, expanding our knowledge on the tactile relationships of mother–calf pairs.
{"title":"Contact Exchanges in Bottlenose Dolphin Mother–Calf Pairs","authors":"Savanna M. Duda, Manon Themelin, Amy C. Hirons, K. Dudzinski","doi":"10.1578/am.50.1.2024.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.1.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between a dolphin mother and her calf has been well studied, but details regarding tactile exchanges within these dyads are limited. Contacts between five adult female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their calves, with data from three pairs analyzed statistically, were examined from video collected in October 2017, 2018, 2019, and in January 2018. Of 289 contact events, calves initiated 65.7% (n = 190), of which 82.6% (n = 157) were affiliative; 77.8% (n = 77) of mother-initiated contacts were categorized similarly. Thus, the overall trend for mother–calf contacts was affiliative. Mothers initiated contact with the dorsal fin less often (n = 3), while calves initiated with their dorsal fin more often (n = 40), especially one-year-old (C1) calves (n = 33). The body was used to initiate contact more by three-year-old (C3) calves (n = 47) and less by C1 calves (n = 22). Both results are likely an artifact of the infant position used by calves at different developmental stages. Only two-year-old (C2) calves initiated agonistic contact with their rostrum (n = 4); 75% of these contacts were initiated by one male calf. Mothers used the body to initiate contact with most calf ages, though contact by pectoral fin occurred more often than expected with their C2 calves (n = 11). Since 72.7% of these contacts came from one mother, a specific maternal style may be present. Only one mother used her rostrum with her C3 calf to initiate agonistic contacts; all others used the fluke. Several variables, including individual preference, calf sex, and maternal experience, may explain some of the contact patterns, but a larger sample size is needed to illustrate potential patterns among pairs. Still, these results support the notion that mother–calf dyads share more affiliative than agonistic contacts, expanding our knowledge on the tactile relationships of mother–calf pairs.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Santibañez, Erwin M. Barría, Macarena Barros, C. Coccia, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
{"title":"First Detection of Lontra provocax in an Unexplored Hydrological Basin of Central-Southern Chile","authors":"Alexis Santibañez, Erwin M. Barría, Macarena Barros, C. Coccia, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel","doi":"10.1578/am.50.1.2024.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.50.1.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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