Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.5757/asct.2022.31.1.31
Hyunsung Lim, Jeeyoon Jeong
{"title":"Simulation Studies on Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Introduced by Out-of-Plane Symmetry Breaking in Dielectric Metasurfaces","authors":"Hyunsung Lim, Jeeyoon Jeong","doi":"10.5757/asct.2022.31.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2022.31.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75944617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.176
Inho Seong, Jangjae Lee, C. Cho, Yeong-Seok Lee, S. Kim, S. You
{"title":"Characterization of SiO2 Over Poly-Si Mask Etching in Ar/C4F8 Capacitively Coupled Plasma","authors":"Inho Seong, Jangjae Lee, C. Cho, Yeong-Seok Lee, S. Kim, S. You","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.167
Sang-Min Jeong, Darian Figuera-Michal, Dong-Hyun Lee, Min-Gyu Choi, J. Seo
In this study, a hollow electrode plasma torch with a cylindrical exit nozzle was proposed and tested to control the behavior of cathode arc roots in the reverse polarity electrical connection for the non-transferred mode operation. The test results revealed that in the absence of an exit nozzle, cathode arc roots cause arcing on the electrically floated torch housing, producing an unstable plasma jet. However, in the presence of an exit nozzle, when injecting the secondary gas with a swirl through a gap between the exit nozzle and front electrode, it was confirmed that cathode arc roots can be controlled to form only on the surface of the front electrode, producing a stable plasma jet without arcing on the torch housing. Additionally, the presence of an exit nozzle was observed to have little influence on the voltage–current characteristics of a reverse polarity hollow electrode plasma torch. Instead, heat loss to the coolant was reduced compared to that in the absence of an exit nozzle, thereby improving thermal efficiency.
{"title":"Control of Cathode Arc Root Behavior in a Reverse Polarity Hollow Electrode Plasma Torch Using an Exit Nozzle","authors":"Sang-Min Jeong, Darian Figuera-Michal, Dong-Hyun Lee, Min-Gyu Choi, J. Seo","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.167","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a hollow electrode plasma torch with a cylindrical exit nozzle was proposed and tested to control the behavior of cathode arc roots in the reverse polarity electrical connection for the non-transferred mode operation. The test results revealed that in the absence of an exit nozzle, cathode arc roots cause arcing on the electrically floated torch housing, producing an unstable plasma jet. However, in the presence of an exit nozzle, when injecting the secondary gas with a swirl through a gap between the exit nozzle and front electrode, it was confirmed that cathode arc roots can be controlled to form only on the surface of the front electrode, producing a stable plasma jet without arcing on the torch housing. Additionally, the presence of an exit nozzle was observed to have little influence on the voltage–current characteristics of a reverse polarity hollow electrode plasma torch. Instead, heat loss to the coolant was reduced compared to that in the absence of an exit nozzle, thereby improving thermal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87043694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.163
J. Jang, Chunjoong Kim, Nak-Kwan Chung
Polymeric materials used in hydrogen infrastructure degrade with temperature changes, thereby increasing the risk of hydrogen leakage. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the hydrogen permeation characteristics at varying temperatures, particularly at low temperatures, for the safe use of hydrogen energy. This study aimed to measure hydrogen permeability at a temperature range of 243–313 K for exploring the hydrogen permeation characteristics according to the temperature of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), fluorine-rubber (FKM), and nitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR) for hydrogen infrastructure. Results show that permeability and diffusivity rapidly decreased as the temperature decreased; however, there was no significant change in solubility with the variation in temperature. Activation energies of permeability, diffusivity, and solubility were calculated from the measurement results, among which the activation energy for permeability exhibited the largest value in the order of FKM, NBR, and EPDM.
{"title":"Temperature-Dependence Study on the Hydrogen Transport Properties of Polymers Used for Hydrogen Infrastructure","authors":"J. Jang, Chunjoong Kim, Nak-Kwan Chung","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.163","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric materials used in hydrogen infrastructure degrade with temperature changes, thereby increasing the risk of hydrogen leakage. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the hydrogen permeation characteristics at varying temperatures, particularly at low temperatures, for the safe use of hydrogen energy. This study aimed to measure hydrogen permeability at a temperature range of 243–313 K for exploring the hydrogen permeation characteristics according to the temperature of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), fluorine-rubber (FKM), and nitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR) for hydrogen infrastructure. Results show that permeability and diffusivity rapidly decreased as the temperature decreased; however, there was no significant change in solubility with the variation in temperature. Activation energies of permeability, diffusivity, and solubility were calculated from the measurement results, among which the activation energy for permeability exhibited the largest value in the order of FKM, NBR, and EPDM.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86269765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.159
Yongju Lee, S. Biswas, Hyeok Kim
The use of tiny, micro-powered electronic devices in indoor environments is increasing daily. The demand for high-performing organic photo- voltaics (OPVs) to power these devices has been rapidly growing because OPVs have favorable absorption properties for indoor environments, excellent mechanical flexibility, and other advantageous attributes. Recently, inexpensive, less acidic, and water-processable polyaniline:poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PANI:PSS) was shown to deliver remarkably high performance as the hole transport layer (HTL) in an indoor OPV device with poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct as the active layer. However, PANI:PSS has not been tested in combination with other active materials, although its universal applicability is of key importance for its commercialization. Thus, we tested the potentiality of using PANI:PSS as the HTL of a highly suitable active material, poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2- [(2-ethylhexyl-l)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophendiyl]:phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC 70 BM) in an OPV device under an LED lamp. The results reveal that the OPV device based on the PANI:PSS HTL and PTB7:PC 70 BM as the active material has high efficiency (11.80%) and a maximum power density of 42.5 𝜇 W/cm 2 under a 1,000 lx LED.
{"title":"Combination of Vacuum and Solution Processes for Stable Indoor Organic Solar Cell under LED Illumination","authors":"Yongju Lee, S. Biswas, Hyeok Kim","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.6.159","url":null,"abstract":"The use of tiny, micro-powered electronic devices in indoor environments is increasing daily. The demand for high-performing organic photo- voltaics (OPVs) to power these devices has been rapidly growing because OPVs have favorable absorption properties for indoor environments, excellent mechanical flexibility, and other advantageous attributes. Recently, inexpensive, less acidic, and water-processable polyaniline:poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PANI:PSS) was shown to deliver remarkably high performance as the hole transport layer (HTL) in an indoor OPV device with poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct as the active layer. However, PANI:PSS has not been tested in combination with other active materials, although its universal applicability is of key importance for its commercialization. Thus, we tested the potentiality of using PANI:PSS as the HTL of a highly suitable active material, poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2- [(2-ethylhexyl-l)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophendiyl]:phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC 70 BM) in an OPV device under an LED lamp. The results reveal that the OPV device based on the PANI:PSS HTL and PTB7:PC 70 BM as the active material has high efficiency (11.80%) and a maximum power density of 42.5 𝜇 W/cm 2 under a 1,000 lx LED.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.186
Seongjae Jo, Jinyeong Kim, Yejin Kim, Oh Seok Kwon
Owing to rapid climate change and increasingly stringent carbon regulations, carbon dioxide detection is becoming more important. In this study, we fabricate a cucurbit[6]uril-functionalized gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensor to detect carbon dioxide. The gold nanorods provide a high refractive index unit that enables the measurement of gas molecules with low molecular weights, while cucurbit[6]uril is a chemical receptor that binds to carbon dioxide owing to its structural characteristics. Therefore, cucurbit[6]uril was functionalized through direct adhesion on the surface of gold nanorods, which was replaced with citrate. The manufactured sensor can detect the presence of carbon dioxide at a maximum concentration of 400 ppm in the atmosphere. The high potential applicability of the cucurbit[6]uril-applied LSPR gas sensors is demonstrated in this study.
{"title":"Detection of Carbon Dioxide Using Cucurbit[6]uril-Functionalized Gold Nanorod Gas Sensor Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance","authors":"Seongjae Jo, Jinyeong Kim, Yejin Kim, Oh Seok Kwon","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.186","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to rapid climate change and increasingly stringent carbon regulations, carbon dioxide detection is becoming more important. In this study, we fabricate a cucurbit[6]uril-functionalized gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensor to detect carbon dioxide. The gold nanorods provide a high refractive index unit that enables the measurement of gas molecules with low molecular weights, while cucurbit[6]uril is a chemical receptor that binds to carbon dioxide owing to its structural characteristics. Therefore, cucurbit[6]uril was functionalized through direct adhesion on the surface of gold nanorods, which was replaced with citrate. The manufactured sensor can detect the presence of carbon dioxide at a maximum concentration of 400 ppm in the atmosphere. The high potential applicability of the cucurbit[6]uril-applied LSPR gas sensors is demonstrated in this study.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88561834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.5757/ASCT.2021.30.6.191
Heung-Sik Kim
$alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has been extensively studied recently because of potential bond-dependent Kitaev magnetic exchange interactions and the resulting quantum spin liquid phase that can be realized therein. It has been known that the covalency between Ru 4$d$- and Cl $p$-orbitals is crucial to induce large Kitaev interactions in this compound, therefore replacing Cl into heavier halogen elements such as Br or I can be a promising way to promote the Kitaev interaction even further. In a timely manner, there have been reports on synthesis of $alpha$-RuBr$_3$ and $alpha$-RuI$_3$, which are expected to host the same spin-orbit-entangled orbitals and Kitaev exchange interactions with $alpha$-RuCl$_3$. Here in this work we investigate electronic structures of $alpha$-RuCl$_3$, $alpha$-RuBr$_3$, and $alpha$-RuI$_3$ in a comparative fashion, focusing on the cooperation of the spin-orbit coupling and on-site Coulomb repulsions to realize the spin-orbit-entangled pseudospin-1/2 at Ru sites. We further estimate magnetic exchange interactions of all three compounds, showing that $alpha$-RuBr$_3$ can be promising candidates to realize Kitaev spin liquid phases in solid-state systems.
{"title":"Spin-Orbit-Entangled Nature of Magnetic Moments and Kitaev Magnetism in Layered Halides","authors":"Heung-Sik Kim","doi":"10.5757/ASCT.2021.30.6.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/ASCT.2021.30.6.191","url":null,"abstract":"$alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has been extensively studied recently because of potential bond-dependent Kitaev magnetic exchange interactions and the resulting quantum spin liquid phase that can be realized therein. It has been known that the covalency between Ru 4$d$- and Cl $p$-orbitals is crucial to induce large Kitaev interactions in this compound, therefore replacing Cl into heavier halogen elements such as Br or I can be a promising way to promote the Kitaev interaction even further. In a timely manner, there have been reports on synthesis of $alpha$-RuBr$_3$ and $alpha$-RuI$_3$, which are expected to host the same spin-orbit-entangled orbitals and Kitaev exchange interactions with $alpha$-RuCl$_3$. Here in this work we investigate electronic structures of $alpha$-RuCl$_3$, $alpha$-RuBr$_3$, and $alpha$-RuI$_3$ in a comparative fashion, focusing on the cooperation of the spin-orbit coupling and on-site Coulomb repulsions to realize the spin-orbit-entangled pseudospin-1/2 at Ru sites. We further estimate magnetic exchange interactions of all three compounds, showing that $alpha$-RuBr$_3$ can be promising candidates to realize Kitaev spin liquid phases in solid-state systems.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80178075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.146
H. Khachatryan, Kyoung-Bo Kim, Moojin Kim
In this study, Al and Cr films were deposited onto steel substrates, and the film growth and microstructure were tracked. In the first set of experiments, Al was directly deposited onto steel, and Cr films were then deposited on top of the formed Al films. In the second set of experiments, it was vice versa ; that is, Cr films were deposited onto the steel substrate, followed by Al film deposition. This technique was aimed at controlling the reflection property of the steel substrate to enable using steel foils for flexible display fabrication. It was observed that temperature significantly influenced grain formation and growth processes. When the temperature reached 550 ∘ C, segregation occurred in the system where Cr contacted the steel, and Al was on the top layer. However, a similar phenomenon was not observed in the steel/Al/Cr system. The reflection value significantly decreased from 92 to 5–7 %, owing to these segregations.
{"title":"Surface Modification of Steel Foils by Depositing Cr/Al or Al/Cr Thin Films: Effect of Rapid Heat Treatment","authors":"H. Khachatryan, Kyoung-Bo Kim, Moojin Kim","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.146","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Al and Cr films were deposited onto steel substrates, and the film growth and microstructure were tracked. In the first set of experiments, Al was directly deposited onto steel, and Cr films were then deposited on top of the formed Al films. In the second set of experiments, it was vice versa ; that is, Cr films were deposited onto the steel substrate, followed by Al film deposition. This technique was aimed at controlling the reflection property of the steel substrate to enable using steel foils for flexible display fabrication. It was observed that temperature significantly influenced grain formation and growth processes. When the temperature reached 550 ∘ C, segregation occurred in the system where Cr contacted the steel, and Al was on the top layer. However, a similar phenomenon was not observed in the steel/Al/Cr system. The reflection value significantly decreased from 92 to 5–7 %, owing to these segregations.","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86073900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.152
Sung Hun Kim, Yong-Ryun Jo, Yong Bin Kim, Ju Seok Kim, S. Yim, Hong Seok Lee
{"title":"Effect of Reaction Time on Optical Properties of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals","authors":"Sung Hun Kim, Yong-Ryun Jo, Yong Bin Kim, Ju Seok Kim, S. Yim, Hong Seok Lee","doi":"10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2021.30.5.152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8223,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Convergence Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74381859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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