Applying physical modification methods to raise the resistant starch content is a feasible strategy for developing foods with a low glycemic index (GI) and regulating postprandial hyperglycemia. Here, broken rice starch (C) was modified via ultrasound and quercetin complexation (US-Q). The structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of the US-Q product were subsequently determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the modification changed the starch granules’ morphology, forming a more compact and stable structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy images revealed the interaction between the starch and quercetin. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the crystallinity of the US-Q was lower than that of the C, indicating that the combined modification with ultrasound and quercetin disrupted the long-range ordered structure of the starch and facilitated the formation of a short-range ordered structure from amylose. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) images showed that both the molecular weight (from 72,080.96 kDa to 85,141.95 kDa) and amylose content (from 15.94% to 26.76%) increased significantly, while the branching degree and average degree of polymerization of amylopectin decreased, suggesting that the ultrasonic treatment processing method had a significant impact on the formation of the quercetin–starch complexes. In terms of in vitro digestion, the resistant starch content of the US-Q was significantly increased from 6.57% to 20.23%, whereas the hydrolysis rate was decreased from 92.6% to 78.35%, indicating that the presence of quercetin reduced the digestibility of the starch complexes by inhibiting the starch-hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Overall, this study improves the understanding of ultrasound and quercetin dual treatment of broken rice starch, providing a theoretical basis for the development of low-GI starch foods for industrial applications.
{"title":"Changes in Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Broken Rice Starch by Ultrasound and Quercetin Dual Treatment","authors":"Ping Yang, Changhao Qiu, Na Zhang","doi":"10.3390/app15084203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084203","url":null,"abstract":"Applying physical modification methods to raise the resistant starch content is a feasible strategy for developing foods with a low glycemic index (GI) and regulating postprandial hyperglycemia. Here, broken rice starch (C) was modified via ultrasound and quercetin complexation (US-Q). The structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of the US-Q product were subsequently determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the modification changed the starch granules’ morphology, forming a more compact and stable structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy images revealed the interaction between the starch and quercetin. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the crystallinity of the US-Q was lower than that of the C, indicating that the combined modification with ultrasound and quercetin disrupted the long-range ordered structure of the starch and facilitated the formation of a short-range ordered structure from amylose. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) images showed that both the molecular weight (from 72,080.96 kDa to 85,141.95 kDa) and amylose content (from 15.94% to 26.76%) increased significantly, while the branching degree and average degree of polymerization of amylopectin decreased, suggesting that the ultrasonic treatment processing method had a significant impact on the formation of the quercetin–starch complexes. In terms of in vitro digestion, the resistant starch content of the US-Q was significantly increased from 6.57% to 20.23%, whereas the hydrolysis rate was decreased from 92.6% to 78.35%, indicating that the presence of quercetin reduced the digestibility of the starch complexes by inhibiting the starch-hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Overall, this study improves the understanding of ultrasound and quercetin dual treatment of broken rice starch, providing a theoretical basis for the development of low-GI starch foods for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 8","pages":"4203-4203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4203/pdf?version=1744337488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary objective of this study was to compare the nutrition and metabolite profiles of Siraitia grosvenorii from different regions (namely Yongfu and Longsheng) and processing stages. Our findings showed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Longsheng contained higher levels of total sugars, protein, and crude fat compared with those from Yongfu, though both regions had similar dietary fiber and ash content. Dried Yongfu Siraitia grosvenorii showed increased nutrient levels. A mineral analysis revealed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Yongfu had the highest levels of calcium, magnesium, and potassium along with distinct differences in other mineral concentrations compared with Longsheng. Notably, fresh Yongfu fruits had higher mineral content than dried ones, except for aluminum and selenium. Through an untargeted metabolomics analysis, we identified 470 metabolites, showing significant variation between fresh samples from Yongfu and Longsheng and between fresh and dried Yongfu samples. Key metabolites included carboxylic acids, fatty acyls, and organooxygen compounds. Additionally, we observed significant enrichment in metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism, with notable differences in metabolite regulation depending on the region and processing stage. These findings highlight the influence of regional environmental factors and drying processes on the nutrient and metabolite composition of Siraitia grosvenorii.
{"title":"Comprehensive Nutrient Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomic Assessment of Siraitia grosvenorii from Different Regions and Varying Degrees of Processing","authors":"Yuqiang Liu, Weiqian Yu, M. X. Bi, Yuting Zhang, Yuan Guan, Tiemin Jiang","doi":"10.3390/app15031020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031020","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study was to compare the nutrition and metabolite profiles of Siraitia grosvenorii from different regions (namely Yongfu and Longsheng) and processing stages. Our findings showed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Longsheng contained higher levels of total sugars, protein, and crude fat compared with those from Yongfu, though both regions had similar dietary fiber and ash content. Dried Yongfu Siraitia grosvenorii showed increased nutrient levels. A mineral analysis revealed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Yongfu had the highest levels of calcium, magnesium, and potassium along with distinct differences in other mineral concentrations compared with Longsheng. Notably, fresh Yongfu fruits had higher mineral content than dried ones, except for aluminum and selenium. Through an untargeted metabolomics analysis, we identified 470 metabolites, showing significant variation between fresh samples from Yongfu and Longsheng and between fresh and dried Yongfu samples. Key metabolites included carboxylic acids, fatty acyls, and organooxygen compounds. Additionally, we observed significant enrichment in metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism, with notable differences in metabolite regulation depending on the region and processing stage. These findings highlight the influence of regional environmental factors and drying processes on the nutrient and metabolite composition of Siraitia grosvenorii.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":"1020-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1020/pdf?version=1737451804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest form of brain cancer, characterized by complex interactions within its microenvironment. Despite the understanding of GBM biology, GBM remains highly resistant to any therapy. Therefore, defining innovative biomarkers in GBM can provide insights into tumor biology and potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we explored the potential of GPRC5A to serve as a pertinent biomarker for GBM. We utilized the GBM-TCGA dataset and presented the reproducible bioinformatics analysis for our results. We identified that GPRC5A expression was significantly upregulated in GBM compared to normal tissues, with higher levels correlating with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). Moreover, it was associated with key genetic mutations, particularly NF1 and PTEN mutations, and strongly correlated with the mesenchymal stem-like phenotype. GPRC5A was also predominantly associated with aggressive GBM features, including hypoxia, high extracellular matrix (ECM) environments, and extensive stromal and immune infiltrations. Its strong correlation with mesenchymal markers and hypoxic regions underscores its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in GBM. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of GPRC5A in GBM pathology and its potential impact as a target for GBM stratifications and treatment strategies.
{"title":"Glioma Stem Cells: GPRC5A as a Novel Predictive Biomarker and Therapeutic Target Associated with Mesenchymal and Stemness Features","authors":"Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Rada Amin","doi":"10.3390/app14188482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188482","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest form of brain cancer, characterized by complex interactions within its microenvironment. Despite the understanding of GBM biology, GBM remains highly resistant to any therapy. Therefore, defining innovative biomarkers in GBM can provide insights into tumor biology and potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we explored the potential of GPRC5A to serve as a pertinent biomarker for GBM. We utilized the GBM-TCGA dataset and presented the reproducible bioinformatics analysis for our results. We identified that GPRC5A expression was significantly upregulated in GBM compared to normal tissues, with higher levels correlating with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). Moreover, it was associated with key genetic mutations, particularly NF1 and PTEN mutations, and strongly correlated with the mesenchymal stem-like phenotype. GPRC5A was also predominantly associated with aggressive GBM features, including hypoxia, high extracellular matrix (ECM) environments, and extensive stromal and immune infiltrations. Its strong correlation with mesenchymal markers and hypoxic regions underscores its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in GBM. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of GPRC5A in GBM pathology and its potential impact as a target for GBM stratifications and treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"8482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additive manufacturing (AM) presents significant cost savings and lead time reductions because of features inherent to the manufacturing process. The technology lends itself to rapid prototyping due to the streamlined workflow of quickly implementing design changes. Compared to traditional machining, AM techniques are simpler in execution for design engineers because they do not require detailed engineering drawings and they typically make use of the nominal geometry in computer models. A novel transonic fan casing assembly has been developed that makes use of AM inserts surrounding the rotor to provide an opportunity to cost-effectively change the corresponding flowpath. The rapid prototyping design philosophy developed from this work will allow for numerous experimental studies into the effects that different design parameters of casing geometries have on fan aerodynamic performance. A fan stage representative of a small turbofan engine was successfully tested with smooth-walled, additively manufactured inserts as a baseline case for future configurations. Before installing the 3D printed casing assembly, computational thermal stress analysis was performed to reduce the risk in implementation due to the demanding environment associated with the rotor. AM components and materials typically have nonlinear mechanical properties, adding to the complexity of the structural analysis. As part of the research, steady aerodynamic performance was measured over the entire relevant operating range of the fan.
快速成型制造（AM）因其制造工艺的固有特点，可显著节约成本并缩短交付周期。由于简化了快速更改设计的工作流程，该技术适合快速原型制造。与传统加工相比，AM 技术无需详细的工程图纸，而且通常利用计算机模型中的标称几何形状，因此对于设计工程师来说执行起来更简单。我们开发了一种新型的跨音速风扇外壳组件，利用围绕转子的 AM 插件，以经济有效的方式改变相应的流道。根据这项工作开发的快速原型设计理念，可以对不同设计参数的外壳几何形状对风扇空气动力性能的影响进行大量实验研究。作为未来配置的基线案例，使用光滑壁面的增材制造嵌入件成功测试了小型涡扇发动机的风扇级。在安装三维打印外壳组件之前，进行了计算热应力分析，以降低由于转子所处的苛刻环境而造成的实施风险。AM 组件和材料通常具有非线性机械特性，增加了结构分析的复杂性。作为研究的一部分，对风扇在整个相关工作范围内的稳定空气动力性能进行了测量。
{"title":"Development of a Novel Transonic Fan Casing Making Use of Rapid Prototyping and Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Andrew Cusator, Nicole L. Key","doi":"10.3390/app14188400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188400","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) presents significant cost savings and lead time reductions because of features inherent to the manufacturing process. The technology lends itself to rapid prototyping due to the streamlined workflow of quickly implementing design changes. Compared to traditional machining, AM techniques are simpler in execution for design engineers because they do not require detailed engineering drawings and they typically make use of the nominal geometry in computer models. A novel transonic fan casing assembly has been developed that makes use of AM inserts surrounding the rotor to provide an opportunity to cost-effectively change the corresponding flowpath. The rapid prototyping design philosophy developed from this work will allow for numerous experimental studies into the effects that different design parameters of casing geometries have on fan aerodynamic performance. A fan stage representative of a small turbofan engine was successfully tested with smooth-walled, additively manufactured inserts as a baseline case for future configurations. Before installing the 3D printed casing assembly, computational thermal stress analysis was performed to reduce the risk in implementation due to the demanding environment associated with the rotor. AM components and materials typically have nonlinear mechanical properties, adding to the complexity of the structural analysis. As part of the research, steady aerodynamic performance was measured over the entire relevant operating range of the fan.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foam concrete has been used in various real-life applications for decades. Simple manufacturing methods, lightweight, high flowability, easy transportability, and low cost make it a useful construction material. This study aims to develop foam concrete mixtures for various civil and geotechnical engineering applications, such as in-fill, wall backfill and soil replacement work. A blended binder mix containing cement, fly ash and silica fume was produced for this study. Its compressive strength performance was compared against conventional general purpose (GP) cement-based foam concrete. Polypropylene (PP) fibre was used for both mixtures and the effect of various percentages of foam content on the compressive strength was thoroughly investigated. Additionally, two types of foaming agents were used to examine their impact on density, strength and setting time. One foaming agent was conventional, whereas the second foaming agent type can be used to manufacture permeable foam concrete. Results indicate that an increase in foam content significantly decreases the strength; however, this reduction is higher in GP mixes than in blended mixes. Nevertheless, the GP mixes attained two times higher compressive strength than the blended mix’s compressive strengths at any foam content. It was also found that the foaming agent associated with creating permeable foam concrete lost its strength (reduced by more than half), even though the density is comparable. The compressive stress–deformation behaviour showed that densification occurs in foam concrete due to its low density, and fibres contributed significantly to crack bridging. These two effects resulted in a long plateau in the compressive stress–strain behaviour of the fibre-reinforced foam concrete.
{"title":"Influence of Foam Content and Concentration on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Foam Concrete","authors":"Sukanta Kumer Shill, Estela Oliari Garcez, Safat Al-Deen, Mahbube Subhani","doi":"10.3390/app14188385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188385","url":null,"abstract":"Foam concrete has been used in various real-life applications for decades. Simple manufacturing methods, lightweight, high flowability, easy transportability, and low cost make it a useful construction material. This study aims to develop foam concrete mixtures for various civil and geotechnical engineering applications, such as in-fill, wall backfill and soil replacement work. A blended binder mix containing cement, fly ash and silica fume was produced for this study. Its compressive strength performance was compared against conventional general purpose (GP) cement-based foam concrete. Polypropylene (PP) fibre was used for both mixtures and the effect of various percentages of foam content on the compressive strength was thoroughly investigated. Additionally, two types of foaming agents were used to examine their impact on density, strength and setting time. One foaming agent was conventional, whereas the second foaming agent type can be used to manufacture permeable foam concrete. Results indicate that an increase in foam content significantly decreases the strength; however, this reduction is higher in GP mixes than in blended mixes. Nevertheless, the GP mixes attained two times higher compressive strength than the blended mix’s compressive strengths at any foam content. It was also found that the foaming agent associated with creating permeable foam concrete lost its strength (reduced by more than half), even though the density is comparable. The compressive stress–deformation behaviour showed that densification occurs in foam concrete due to its low density, and fibres contributed significantly to crack bridging. These two effects resulted in a long plateau in the compressive stress–strain behaviour of the fibre-reinforced foam concrete.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanton R. Price, Haley B. Land, Samantha S. Carley, Steven R. Price, Stephanie J. Price, Joshua R. Fairley
As with the broad field of deep learning, autonomy is a research topic that has experienced a heavy explosion in attention from both the scientific and commercial industries due to its potential for the advancement of humanity in many cross-cutting disciplines. Recent advancements in computer vision-based autonomy has highlighted the potential for the realization of increasingly sophisticated autonomous ground vehicles for both commercial and non-traditional applications, such as grocery delivery. Part of the success of these technologies has been a boon in the abundance of training data that is available for training the autonomous behaviors associated with their autonomy software. These data abundance advantage is quickly diminished when an application moves from structured environments, i.e., well-defined city road networks, highways, street signage, etc., into unstructured environments, i.e., cross-country, off-road, non-traditional terrains. Herein, we aim to present insights, from a dataset perspective, into how the scientific community can begin to expand autonomy into unstructured environments, while highlighting some of the key challenges that are presented with such a dynamic and ever-changing environment. Finally, a foundation is laid for the creation of a robust off-road dataset being developed by the Engineer Research and Development Center and Mississippi State University’s Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems.
{"title":"Expanding Ground Vehicle Autonomy into Unstructured, Off-Road Environments: Dataset Challenges","authors":"Stanton R. Price, Haley B. Land, Samantha S. Carley, Steven R. Price, Stephanie J. Price, Joshua R. Fairley","doi":"10.3390/app14188410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188410","url":null,"abstract":"As with the broad field of deep learning, autonomy is a research topic that has experienced a heavy explosion in attention from both the scientific and commercial industries due to its potential for the advancement of humanity in many cross-cutting disciplines. Recent advancements in computer vision-based autonomy has highlighted the potential for the realization of increasingly sophisticated autonomous ground vehicles for both commercial and non-traditional applications, such as grocery delivery. Part of the success of these technologies has been a boon in the abundance of training data that is available for training the autonomous behaviors associated with their autonomy software. These data abundance advantage is quickly diminished when an application moves from structured environments, i.e., well-defined city road networks, highways, street signage, etc., into unstructured environments, i.e., cross-country, off-road, non-traditional terrains. Herein, we aim to present insights, from a dataset perspective, into how the scientific community can begin to expand autonomy into unstructured environments, while highlighting some of the key challenges that are presented with such a dynamic and ever-changing environment. Finally, a foundation is laid for the creation of a robust off-road dataset being developed by the Engineer Research and Development Center and Mississippi State University’s Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Wohofsky, Laura Nadine Kroll, Anna Drechslerová, Peter Schubert, Imre Cikajlo, Nataša Bizovičar, Daniela Krainer
Telerehabilitation can be a valuable addition to conventional rehabilitation after a stroke. The aim of the presented study was to assess the feasibility and integrability of a newly developed platform and service model to offer telerehabilitation in different settings in an initial field trial. The field trial was conducted in two clinics and a freelance therapy setting in Austria and Slovenia. Data were gathered using questionnaires for patients, therapists, and, if applicable, relatives. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Three patients were treated by seven therapists (occupational, physio, speech). During the test, the patients completed more than 25 exercises per week on average. The usability of the system, in general, was high, with slightly better results for the patients. Overall, the patients stated that telerehabilitation is a good addition to conventional therapy, although the quality of online therapy is not as high as face-to-face therapy. The therapists reported that the system was easy to use but had some obstacles in exercise preparation. The integrability in daily life was good, according to the patients. For the therapists, integrability was average, as the test showed some obstacles in the provision of services beyond the clinical setting. Further studies are required to elaborate on the quality of teletherapeutic interventions in the proposed flexible service model.
{"title":"Integrability of a Comprehensive Telerehabilitation Approach for Post-Stroke Patients and Therapists: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Lukas Wohofsky, Laura Nadine Kroll, Anna Drechslerová, Peter Schubert, Imre Cikajlo, Nataša Bizovičar, Daniela Krainer","doi":"10.3390/app14188407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188407","url":null,"abstract":"Telerehabilitation can be a valuable addition to conventional rehabilitation after a stroke. The aim of the presented study was to assess the feasibility and integrability of a newly developed platform and service model to offer telerehabilitation in different settings in an initial field trial. The field trial was conducted in two clinics and a freelance therapy setting in Austria and Slovenia. Data were gathered using questionnaires for patients, therapists, and, if applicable, relatives. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Three patients were treated by seven therapists (occupational, physio, speech). During the test, the patients completed more than 25 exercises per week on average. The usability of the system, in general, was high, with slightly better results for the patients. Overall, the patients stated that telerehabilitation is a good addition to conventional therapy, although the quality of online therapy is not as high as face-to-face therapy. The therapists reported that the system was easy to use but had some obstacles in exercise preparation. The integrability in daily life was good, according to the patients. For the therapists, integrability was average, as the test showed some obstacles in the provision of services beyond the clinical setting. Further studies are required to elaborate on the quality of teletherapeutic interventions in the proposed flexible service model.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safety of high-potential risk facilities concerned with fault displacement hazards is a complex technical issue, especially if the fault is revealed beneath the facility during the operation. Applying simple conservative engineering hazard evaluation methods is rational if an urgent decision should be made to continue operation or implement protective measures. Engineering methods are being published for strike-slip on-fault sites and structures. Their crucial point is to estimate the probability of the rupture at the site intersection and consider the displacement distribution over the rupture length relative to the site’s on-fault location. It is shown in the paper that strict geometrical relations between the site location, length and initial point of the rupture determine whether the principal fault displacement intersects the site. The paper considers these geometrical parameters as independent random variables and applies a screening of ruptures contributing to the hazard. Magnitude- and on-fault coordinate-dependent empirical relations have been analysed and selected to evaluate the site displacements. The procedure resulted in realistic but conservative hazard curves for different on-fault site locations using data from the Paks site in Hungary. The results were compared to those obtained by the conservative engineering method for the same site and some published analyses.
{"title":"Improved Simplified Engineering Fault Displacement Hazard Evaluation Method for On-Fault Sites","authors":"Tamás János Katona","doi":"10.3390/app14188399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188399","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of high-potential risk facilities concerned with fault displacement hazards is a complex technical issue, especially if the fault is revealed beneath the facility during the operation. Applying simple conservative engineering hazard evaluation methods is rational if an urgent decision should be made to continue operation or implement protective measures. Engineering methods are being published for strike-slip on-fault sites and structures. Their crucial point is to estimate the probability of the rupture at the site intersection and consider the displacement distribution over the rupture length relative to the site’s on-fault location. It is shown in the paper that strict geometrical relations between the site location, length and initial point of the rupture determine whether the principal fault displacement intersects the site. The paper considers these geometrical parameters as independent random variables and applies a screening of ruptures contributing to the hazard. Magnitude- and on-fault coordinate-dependent empirical relations have been analysed and selected to evaluate the site displacements. The procedure resulted in realistic but conservative hazard curves for different on-fault site locations using data from the Paks site in Hungary. The results were compared to those obtained by the conservative engineering method for the same site and some published analyses.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stability of global economies relies heavily on power systems (PS) that have sufficient operating reserves. When these reserves are insufficient, power systems become vulnerable to issues such as load shedding or complete blackouts. Maintaining grid stability becomes even more challenging with a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). However, RES, connected through power electronic devices, offer significant potential as ancillary service (AS) sources. Renewable energy-based microgrids (MG), which aggregate various RES resources and have substantial load control potential, further enhance the capability of AS provision from RES. The presence of diverse AS resources raises the question of how to dispatch ancillary service signals optimally to all resources. Most of the previous research work related to AS allocation relied on single-bus MG models. This paper proposes a detailed MG model for the optimal dispatching of ASs among the resources using Virtual Load, along with an optimization procedure to achieve the best results. The model incorporates voltage profiles and power losses for AS dispatching, and a comparative analysis is conducted to quantify the significance of grid modeling. The model and proposed procedure are tested using the CIGRE microgrid benchmark model. The results indicate that detailed modeling of MG can impact the results by 11%, compared to single-bus modeling, which qualifies detailed MG modeling for all future research work and shows the impact that modeling can have on technical and economic indicators of MG operation.
全球经济的稳定在很大程度上依赖于拥有充足运行储备的电力系统（PS）。当这些储备不足时，电力系统就容易出现甩负荷或完全停电等问题。随着可再生能源（RES）的高渗透率，维持电网稳定变得更具挑战性。然而，通过电力电子设备连接的可再生能源作为辅助服务（AS）来源具有巨大的潜力。基于可再生能源的微电网（MG）汇集了各种可再生能源资源，具有巨大的负荷控制潜力，进一步增强了可再生能源提供辅助服务的能力。各种 AS 资源的存在提出了如何向所有资源优化调度辅助服务信号的问题。以往与 AS 分配相关的研究工作大多依赖于单总线 MG 模型。本文提出了一个详细的 MG 模型，用于利用虚拟负载在资源间优化调度 AS，并提出了一个优化程序，以达到最佳效果。该模型结合了用于 AS 调度的电压曲线和功率损耗，并进行了比较分析，以量化电网建模的意义。利用 CIGRE 微电网基准模型对模型和建议程序进行了测试。结果表明，与单母线建模相比，微电网的详细建模可将结果影响 11%，这为今后的所有研究工作提供了详细的微电网建模条件，并显示了建模可对微电网运行的技术和经济指标产生的影响。
{"title":"Real-Time Optimization of Ancillary Service Allocation in Renewable Energy Microgrids Using Virtual Load","authors":"Amir Abed, Goran Dobric","doi":"10.3390/app14188370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188370","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of global economies relies heavily on power systems (PS) that have sufficient operating reserves. When these reserves are insufficient, power systems become vulnerable to issues such as load shedding or complete blackouts. Maintaining grid stability becomes even more challenging with a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). However, RES, connected through power electronic devices, offer significant potential as ancillary service (AS) sources. Renewable energy-based microgrids (MG), which aggregate various RES resources and have substantial load control potential, further enhance the capability of AS provision from RES. The presence of diverse AS resources raises the question of how to dispatch ancillary service signals optimally to all resources. Most of the previous research work related to AS allocation relied on single-bus MG models. This paper proposes a detailed MG model for the optimal dispatching of ASs among the resources using Virtual Load, along with an optimization procedure to achieve the best results. The model incorporates voltage profiles and power losses for AS dispatching, and a comparative analysis is conducted to quantify the significance of grid modeling. The model and proposed procedure are tested using the CIGRE microgrid benchmark model. The results indicate that detailed modeling of MG can impact the results by 11%, compared to single-bus modeling, which qualifies detailed MG modeling for all future research work and shows the impact that modeling can have on technical and economic indicators of MG operation.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Space efficiency in Singaporean tall buildings results from a complex interplay of historical, architectural, engineering, technological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The city-state’s innovative and adaptive approach has enabled it to overcome the challenges associated with skyscraper construction, leading to the development of some of the most advanced and sustainable high-rise structures in the world. However, there is currently a lack of detailed analysis on space utilization in Singaporean high-rise buildings. This study addresses this gap by examining 63 cases. The main findings of this research: 1. Residential functions, central core layouts, and prismatic shapes are the most frequent. 2. Concrete material with a shear-walled frame system is the preferred structural choice. 3. Average spatial efficiency is 80%, and the core-to-GFA (Gross Floor Area) ratio averages 17%. These metrics vary from a minimum of 68% and 5% to a maximum of 91% and 32%, respectively. These insights offer valuable guidance for Singaporean construction professionals, particularly architects, helping them make informed design decisions for high-rise projects.
{"title":"Space Efficiency of Tall Buildings in Singapore","authors":"Özlem Nur Aslantamer, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın","doi":"10.3390/app14188397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188397","url":null,"abstract":"Space efficiency in Singaporean tall buildings results from a complex interplay of historical, architectural, engineering, technological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The city-state’s innovative and adaptive approach has enabled it to overcome the challenges associated with skyscraper construction, leading to the development of some of the most advanced and sustainable high-rise structures in the world. However, there is currently a lack of detailed analysis on space utilization in Singaporean high-rise buildings. This study addresses this gap by examining 63 cases. The main findings of this research: 1. Residential functions, central core layouts, and prismatic shapes are the most frequent. 2. Concrete material with a shear-walled frame system is the preferred structural choice. 3. Average spatial efficiency is 80%, and the core-to-GFA (Gross Floor Area) ratio averages 17%. These metrics vary from a minimum of 68% and 5% to a maximum of 91% and 32%, respectively. These insights offer valuable guidance for Singaporean construction professionals, particularly architects, helping them make informed design decisions for high-rise projects.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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