Raúl Pastor, Antonio Lecuona, Juan Pedro Cortés, David Caballero, Anabel Fraga
Spain has one of Europe’s most extraordinary biodiverse environments and a significant risk of fires in its forests. At the same time, rural areas are affected by several challenges, such as desertification, population decrease, and loss of income. Fortunately, some green sparks arise on the horizon. Among them, we use critical enabling technologies for fire prevention and extinction, renewable energy, and resilience solutions by adopting a system of systems approach given by the systems engineering frameworks. We analyse recent Research and Development (R&D) projects focused on fire prevention to detect (1) the key enabling technologies used and (2) engineering practices. A motivational case is presented, which evaluates the potential interest of the mineral water industry sector in applied R&D with key enabling technologies, including the replicability potential and the replicability potential for using the R&D results. After that, the authors initialize an innovative R-ISSUES model to promote early interoperability between energy and environment systems engineering towards the shared mission of designing digital and rural jobs to preserve our biosphere. The model is used to answer specific research questions and detect gaps or potential improvements for the model itself by using the recent scientific literature.
{"title":"(R-ISSUES) Rural Interoperable System of Systems for Unified Environmental Stewardship","authors":"Raúl Pastor, Antonio Lecuona, Juan Pedro Cortés, David Caballero, Anabel Fraga","doi":"10.3390/app14188245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188245","url":null,"abstract":"Spain has one of Europe’s most extraordinary biodiverse environments and a significant risk of fires in its forests. At the same time, rural areas are affected by several challenges, such as desertification, population decrease, and loss of income. Fortunately, some green sparks arise on the horizon. Among them, we use critical enabling technologies for fire prevention and extinction, renewable energy, and resilience solutions by adopting a system of systems approach given by the systems engineering frameworks. We analyse recent Research and Development (R&D) projects focused on fire prevention to detect (1) the key enabling technologies used and (2) engineering practices. A motivational case is presented, which evaluates the potential interest of the mineral water industry sector in applied R&D with key enabling technologies, including the replicability potential and the replicability potential for using the R&D results. After that, the authors initialize an innovative R-ISSUES model to promote early interoperability between energy and environment systems engineering towards the shared mission of designing digital and rural jobs to preserve our biosphere. The model is used to answer specific research questions and detect gaps or potential improvements for the model itself by using the recent scientific literature.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karst areas exhibit intricate geological attributes, and the geological and environmental issues caused by urban development cannot be ignored, especially the issue of karst surface collapses. In this study, we developed two analytical methods and analyzed the stability of the overburden stratum of 3D spherical karst caves with surface load, vacuum absorption erosion force, and groundwater table considerations. The first analytical method is based on the improved Terzaghi theory, while the second analytical method is based on the upper limit analysis. A case study was conducted in Wuhan, China. The results from both analytical methods indicated a potential susceptibility to collapse, suggesting the excellent accuracy of these two methods. The results were also compared with the numerical solutions from previous studies. Notably, the accuracy of the upper limit analysis was inversely proportional to the depth ratio, while the results obtained through the improved Terzaghi theory were consistent with those of the numerical solutions, particularly under conditions of relatively high depth ratios. This study examined various facets, including the development of karst caves, soil shear strength, groundwater table fluctuations, and boundary failure angles. Furthermore, we explored the effects of geometric and geotechnical parameters on the stability of karst caves.
{"title":"A Study on Karst Cave Collapse Based on Improved Terzaghi Theory and Upper Limit Analysis","authors":"Weilong Yan, Rui Liu, Shugao Tian, Fei Tan, Hao Wen, Jiahe Lv","doi":"10.3390/app14188252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188252","url":null,"abstract":"Karst areas exhibit intricate geological attributes, and the geological and environmental issues caused by urban development cannot be ignored, especially the issue of karst surface collapses. In this study, we developed two analytical methods and analyzed the stability of the overburden stratum of 3D spherical karst caves with surface load, vacuum absorption erosion force, and groundwater table considerations. The first analytical method is based on the improved Terzaghi theory, while the second analytical method is based on the upper limit analysis. A case study was conducted in Wuhan, China. The results from both analytical methods indicated a potential susceptibility to collapse, suggesting the excellent accuracy of these two methods. The results were also compared with the numerical solutions from previous studies. Notably, the accuracy of the upper limit analysis was inversely proportional to the depth ratio, while the results obtained through the improved Terzaghi theory were consistent with those of the numerical solutions, particularly under conditions of relatively high depth ratios. This study examined various facets, including the development of karst caves, soil shear strength, groundwater table fluctuations, and boundary failure angles. Furthermore, we explored the effects of geometric and geotechnical parameters on the stability of karst caves.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioaerosols, including airborne bacteria, are significant pollutants affecting both indoor and outdoor air quality, with implications for human health. Despite extensive research on indoor air quality, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on ambient bacterial concentrations and their interactions with pollutants and meteorological factors. This review focuses on bacterial aerosols in the atmosphere, measured using the culture-based method, considered the “gold standard” for microorganism detection and identification. Studies reveal significant variability in bacterial concentrations across different environments and seasons, influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation, underscoring the need for further research and monitoring to enhance health risk assessments and mitigation strategies. The presence of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) further complicates these dynamics. The authors emphasize the need for more extensive research on outdoor bacterial aerosols and recommend that future studies prioritize detailed bioaerosol characterization to establish comprehensive exposure standards in ambient air, thereby improving public health protection and environmental management practices.
{"title":"Bacterial Aerosol in Ambient Air—A Review Study","authors":"Ewa Brągoszewska, Anna Mainka","doi":"10.3390/app14188250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188250","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaerosols, including airborne bacteria, are significant pollutants affecting both indoor and outdoor air quality, with implications for human health. Despite extensive research on indoor air quality, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on ambient bacterial concentrations and their interactions with pollutants and meteorological factors. This review focuses on bacterial aerosols in the atmosphere, measured using the culture-based method, considered the “gold standard” for microorganism detection and identification. Studies reveal significant variability in bacterial concentrations across different environments and seasons, influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation, underscoring the need for further research and monitoring to enhance health risk assessments and mitigation strategies. The presence of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) further complicates these dynamics. The authors emphasize the need for more extensive research on outdoor bacterial aerosols and recommend that future studies prioritize detailed bioaerosol characterization to establish comprehensive exposure standards in ambient air, thereby improving public health protection and environmental management practices.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Object detection can accurately identify and locate targets in images, serving basic industries such as agricultural monitoring and urban planning. However, targets in remote sensing images have random rotation angles, which hinders the accuracy of remote sensing image object detection algorithms. In addition, due to the long-tailed distribution of detected objects in remote sensing images, the network finds it difficult to adapt to imbalanced datasets. In this article, we designed and proposed the Dynamic Optimization and Update network (DOUNet). By introducing adaptive rotation convolution to replace 2D convolution in the Region Proposal Network (RPN), the features of rotating targets are effectively extracted. To address the issues caused by imbalanced data, we have designed a long-tail data detection module to collect features of tail categories and guide the network to output more balanced detection results. Various experiments have shown that after two stages of feature learning and classifier learning, our designed network can achieve optimal performance and perform better in detecting imbalanced data.
{"title":"DOUNet: Dynamic Optimization and Update Network for Oriented Object Detection","authors":"Liwei Deng, Dexu Zhao, Qi Lan, Fei Chen","doi":"10.3390/app14188249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188249","url":null,"abstract":"Object detection can accurately identify and locate targets in images, serving basic industries such as agricultural monitoring and urban planning. However, targets in remote sensing images have random rotation angles, which hinders the accuracy of remote sensing image object detection algorithms. In addition, due to the long-tailed distribution of detected objects in remote sensing images, the network finds it difficult to adapt to imbalanced datasets. In this article, we designed and proposed the Dynamic Optimization and Update network (DOUNet). By introducing adaptive rotation convolution to replace 2D convolution in the Region Proposal Network (RPN), the features of rotating targets are effectively extracted. To address the issues caused by imbalanced data, we have designed a long-tail data detection module to collect features of tail categories and guide the network to output more balanced detection results. Various experiments have shown that after two stages of feature learning and classifier learning, our designed network can achieve optimal performance and perform better in detecting imbalanced data.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The restriction of lead content in alloys for the production of solder, based on the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 8 June 2011, which is also known as RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment), had a very positive impact on research into lead-free solder alloys, as well as on the economic impact of the production of solders. It opened the door to issues relating to the mechanical properties of lead-free solders and the microhardness of formed joints, with the aim of increasing their quality and efforts to reduce production costs. In addition to the production efficiency increase, without the need for the manual removal of so-called slagging, the moderation of oxide formation on the melt surface, standing for an increase in the yield of the total amount of solder, represents one of the many factors influencing the production of lead-free alloys for tin-based soldering. This work deals with the issues of material selection for the production of lead-free solders. Temperature affects the formation of different phases when there is a change in the concentration of the elements involved because it can be a negative aspect for soldering. Therefore, it is necessary to have detailed knowledge on the entire process that takes place during temperature changes.
{"title":"Tin–Phosphorus Alloy: The Impact of Temperature on Alloy Formation and the Influence of the Dross Amount on the Solder Bath Surface","authors":"Jana Körmendy, Ján Vavro, Ján Vavro","doi":"10.3390/app14188257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188257","url":null,"abstract":"The restriction of lead content in alloys for the production of solder, based on the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 8 June 2011, which is also known as RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment), had a very positive impact on research into lead-free solder alloys, as well as on the economic impact of the production of solders. It opened the door to issues relating to the mechanical properties of lead-free solders and the microhardness of formed joints, with the aim of increasing their quality and efforts to reduce production costs. In addition to the production efficiency increase, without the need for the manual removal of so-called slagging, the moderation of oxide formation on the melt surface, standing for an increase in the yield of the total amount of solder, represents one of the many factors influencing the production of lead-free alloys for tin-based soldering. This work deals with the issues of material selection for the production of lead-free solders. Temperature affects the formation of different phases when there is a change in the concentration of the elements involved because it can be a negative aspect for soldering. Therefore, it is necessary to have detailed knowledge on the entire process that takes place during temperature changes.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Li, Zhonghua Guo, Jialong Li, Xiaojun Li, Bo Ban
The real-time monitoring and evaluation of water quality provides a scientific basis for water resource management and promotes regional sustainable development. This study established a database using Landsat-8 satellite data and water quality data from the Ningxia Yellow River basin in China, spanning 2021 to 2023, and this paper proposes a custom residual convolutional neural network model with a hybrid attention mechanism, referred to as PCWA-ResCNN. The accuracy of the model in predicting turbidity, permanganate, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 95%. Compared to convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory models, this model performed better in predicting water quality parameters with significantly improved prediction performance. In terms of spatial distribution, the pollution degree in the middle reaches of the basin is relatively serious. However, the overall water quality is good, being mainly Class I and Class II water quality. The hybrid model established in this paper can better capture the complex nonlinear relationship between the observed values and the surface water reflectance, showing strong robustness. This model can be used for the water quality monitoring of complex inland rivers and lakes, and it can also provide effective support for relevant government departments to formulate scientific and reasonable water quality management policies.
{"title":"Enhanced Water Quality Inversion in the Ningxia Yellow River Basin Using a Hybrid PCWA-ResCNN Model: Insights from Landsat-8 Data","authors":"Qi Li, Zhonghua Guo, Jialong Li, Xiaojun Li, Bo Ban","doi":"10.3390/app14188264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188264","url":null,"abstract":"The real-time monitoring and evaluation of water quality provides a scientific basis for water resource management and promotes regional sustainable development. This study established a database using Landsat-8 satellite data and water quality data from the Ningxia Yellow River basin in China, spanning 2021 to 2023, and this paper proposes a custom residual convolutional neural network model with a hybrid attention mechanism, referred to as PCWA-ResCNN. The accuracy of the model in predicting turbidity, permanganate, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 95%. Compared to convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory models, this model performed better in predicting water quality parameters with significantly improved prediction performance. In terms of spatial distribution, the pollution degree in the middle reaches of the basin is relatively serious. However, the overall water quality is good, being mainly Class I and Class II water quality. The hybrid model established in this paper can better capture the complex nonlinear relationship between the observed values and the surface water reflectance, showing strong robustness. This model can be used for the water quality monitoring of complex inland rivers and lakes, and it can also provide effective support for relevant government departments to formulate scientific and reasonable water quality management policies.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerii B. Orel, Olga Yo. Dasyukevich, Valerii E. Orel, Oleksandr Yu. Rykhalskyi, Larysa M. Kovalevska, Olexander Yu. Galkin, Karyna S. Matveichuk, Anatolii G. Diedkov, Vasyl V. Ostafiichuk, Oleksandr S. Shablii
Evaluating intratumor heterogeneity with image texture analysis offers a more sophisticated understanding of sarcoma response to treatment. We examined the effects of inductive moderate hyperthermia (IMH) on sarcoma-45 growth and intratumor heterogeneity across tissue, cellular and molecular levels using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and histology image analysis. IMH (42 MHz, 20 W) inhibited sarcoma-45 growth kinetics by 34% compared to the untreated control group. T2-weighted MRI brightness was increased by 42%, reflecting more extensive tumor necrosis, while Young’s modulus increased by 37% due to more pronounced connective tissue replacement in response to IMH. Whereas calculations of Moran’s spatial autocorrelation index revealed distinctions in heterogeneity between tumor core, periphery and capsule regions of interest (ROIs) on MRI, ultrasound and histological examination in the untreated tumor-bearing animals, there was no significant difference between core and periphery after IMH. Exposure to IMH increased overall tumor ROI heterogeneity by 22% on MRI but reduced heterogeneity in the core and periphery on ultrasound and histology images. Ki-67 protein distribution was 25% less heterogeneous on the tumor periphery after IMH. Therefore, this study provides a quantitative characterization of IMH effects on different manifestations of intratumor sarcoma-45 heterogeneity using experimental imaging data.
{"title":"Characterization of Inductive Moderate Hyperthermia Effects on Intratumor Sarcoma-45 Heterogeneity Using Magnetic Resonance, Ultrasound and Histology Image Analysis","authors":"Valerii B. Orel, Olga Yo. Dasyukevich, Valerii E. Orel, Oleksandr Yu. Rykhalskyi, Larysa M. Kovalevska, Olexander Yu. Galkin, Karyna S. Matveichuk, Anatolii G. Diedkov, Vasyl V. Ostafiichuk, Oleksandr S. Shablii","doi":"10.3390/app14188251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188251","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating intratumor heterogeneity with image texture analysis offers a more sophisticated understanding of sarcoma response to treatment. We examined the effects of inductive moderate hyperthermia (IMH) on sarcoma-45 growth and intratumor heterogeneity across tissue, cellular and molecular levels using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and histology image analysis. IMH (42 MHz, 20 W) inhibited sarcoma-45 growth kinetics by 34% compared to the untreated control group. T2-weighted MRI brightness was increased by 42%, reflecting more extensive tumor necrosis, while Young’s modulus increased by 37% due to more pronounced connective tissue replacement in response to IMH. Whereas calculations of Moran’s spatial autocorrelation index revealed distinctions in heterogeneity between tumor core, periphery and capsule regions of interest (ROIs) on MRI, ultrasound and histological examination in the untreated tumor-bearing animals, there was no significant difference between core and periphery after IMH. Exposure to IMH increased overall tumor ROI heterogeneity by 22% on MRI but reduced heterogeneity in the core and periphery on ultrasound and histology images. Ki-67 protein distribution was 25% less heterogeneous on the tumor periphery after IMH. Therefore, this study provides a quantitative characterization of IMH effects on different manifestations of intratumor sarcoma-45 heterogeneity using experimental imaging data.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Villar-León, Diego Muñoz, Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz, Iván Martín-Miguel, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Adrián Escudero-Tena
The aim of this study was to analyze the lob in professional padel, taking into account sex, the player’s side of play, the direction of the lob and the efficiency of the lob. For this purpose, 2063 lobs (933 in men’s and 1130 in women’s) corresponding to 10 matches of the 2024 season of the Premier Padel circuit were analyzed through systematic observation. The results indicated that there is no association between the player who makes the lob according to the side of play in professional padel (p = 0.796) and the category of play (men’s and women’s). The distribution of lobs in these categories, both men’s and women’s, was distributed 50% between both players from the same pair. On the other hand, in men’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.3), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 2.0). In addition, in women’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.6), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 6.0). Finally, in men’s padel, the lobs tended to overpass the opponents when they were down the middle (RTC = 4.1) and tended to not overpass when they were cross-court (RTC = 2.5). In conclusion, there are differences in the characteristics of lobs in professional padel according to sex. These results can be very useful for coaches for performing specific training on the lob according to the sex of their players.
{"title":"Playing High: Strategic Use of the Lob in Professional Padel","authors":"Antonio Villar-León, Diego Muñoz, Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz, Iván Martín-Miguel, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Adrián Escudero-Tena","doi":"10.3390/app14188261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188261","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyze the lob in professional padel, taking into account sex, the player’s side of play, the direction of the lob and the efficiency of the lob. For this purpose, 2063 lobs (933 in men’s and 1130 in women’s) corresponding to 10 matches of the 2024 season of the Premier Padel circuit were analyzed through systematic observation. The results indicated that there is no association between the player who makes the lob according to the side of play in professional padel (p = 0.796) and the category of play (men’s and women’s). The distribution of lobs in these categories, both men’s and women’s, was distributed 50% between both players from the same pair. On the other hand, in men’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.3), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 2.0). In addition, in women’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.6), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 6.0). Finally, in men’s padel, the lobs tended to overpass the opponents when they were down the middle (RTC = 4.1) and tended to not overpass when they were cross-court (RTC = 2.5). In conclusion, there are differences in the characteristics of lobs in professional padel according to sex. These results can be very useful for coaches for performing specific training on the lob according to the sex of their players.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliana G. Fidalgo, Maria J. Mota, Juliana D’Amil, Rui P. Queirós, Carlos A. Pinto, Ivonne Delgadillo, Jorge A. Saraiva
During the desalting of salted cod, significant textural, histological, and biochemical changes occur. Understanding these changes is crucial for enhancing the preservation and extending the shelf life of desalted cod. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality parameters and enzymatic activities during the desalting process of cod (16 h at 4 and 20 °C) and to extend the shelf life of desalted cod through high-pressure processing (HPP) at 400 and 550 MPa for 5 min. During desalting, a correlation was noted between the pH and trimethylamine content in samples desalted at 20 °C, with both parameters increasing in the initial 4 h and stabilizing thereafter. The soluble protein in cod muscle decreased over desalting time, as it dissolved into the desalting water. Enzymatic activity showed a decline in cathepsins (B and D) and acid phosphatase throughout desalting, whereas lipase activity increased, particularly at 20 °C. HPP effectively extended the shelf life of desalted cod by controlling endogenous microbial growth, enabling an extension to 14–21 days compared to the 7 days observed in untreated control samples. This study highlights quality changes during desalting, with lesser effects at lower temperatures. Subsequent HPP improved the microbiological quality of desalted cod during refrigerated storage.
{"title":"Quality Changes on Cod Fish (Gadus morhua) during Desalting Process and Subsequent High-Pressure Pasteurization","authors":"Liliana G. Fidalgo, Maria J. Mota, Juliana D’Amil, Rui P. Queirós, Carlos A. Pinto, Ivonne Delgadillo, Jorge A. Saraiva","doi":"10.3390/app14188260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188260","url":null,"abstract":"During the desalting of salted cod, significant textural, histological, and biochemical changes occur. Understanding these changes is crucial for enhancing the preservation and extending the shelf life of desalted cod. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality parameters and enzymatic activities during the desalting process of cod (16 h at 4 and 20 °C) and to extend the shelf life of desalted cod through high-pressure processing (HPP) at 400 and 550 MPa for 5 min. During desalting, a correlation was noted between the pH and trimethylamine content in samples desalted at 20 °C, with both parameters increasing in the initial 4 h and stabilizing thereafter. The soluble protein in cod muscle decreased over desalting time, as it dissolved into the desalting water. Enzymatic activity showed a decline in cathepsins (B and D) and acid phosphatase throughout desalting, whereas lipase activity increased, particularly at 20 °C. HPP effectively extended the shelf life of desalted cod by controlling endogenous microbial growth, enabling an extension to 14–21 days compared to the 7 days observed in untreated control samples. This study highlights quality changes during desalting, with lesser effects at lower temperatures. Subsequent HPP improved the microbiological quality of desalted cod during refrigerated storage.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Fiori, Giuliano Fois, Marco Secondo Gerardi, Fabio Maggio, Carlo Milesi, Andrea Pinna
The prediction and monitoring of plant diseases and pests are key activities in agriculture. These activities enable growers to take preventive measures to reduce the spread of diseases and harmful insects. Consequently, they reduce crop loss, make pesticide and resource use more efficient, and preserve plant health, contributing to environmental sustainability. We illustrate the SMARTerra decision support system, which processes daily measured and predicted weather data, spatially interpolating them at high resolution across the entire Sardinia region. From these data, SMARTerra generates risk predictions for plant pests and diseases. Currently, models for predicting the risk of rice blast disease and the hatching of locust eggs are implemented in the infrastructure. The web interface of the SMARTerra platform allows users to visualize detailed risk maps and promptly take preventive measures. A simple notification system is also implemented to directly alert emergency responders. Model outputs by the SMARTerra infrastructure are comparable with results from in-field observations produced by the LAORE Regional Agency. The infrastructure provides a database for storing the time series and risk maps generated, which can be used by agencies and researchers to conduct further analysis.
{"title":"SMARTerra, a High-Resolution Decision Support System for Monitoring Plant Pests and Diseases","authors":"Michele Fiori, Giuliano Fois, Marco Secondo Gerardi, Fabio Maggio, Carlo Milesi, Andrea Pinna","doi":"10.3390/app14188275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188275","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction and monitoring of plant diseases and pests are key activities in agriculture. These activities enable growers to take preventive measures to reduce the spread of diseases and harmful insects. Consequently, they reduce crop loss, make pesticide and resource use more efficient, and preserve plant health, contributing to environmental sustainability. We illustrate the SMARTerra decision support system, which processes daily measured and predicted weather data, spatially interpolating them at high resolution across the entire Sardinia region. From these data, SMARTerra generates risk predictions for plant pests and diseases. Currently, models for predicting the risk of rice blast disease and the hatching of locust eggs are implemented in the infrastructure. The web interface of the SMARTerra platform allows users to visualize detailed risk maps and promptly take preventive measures. A simple notification system is also implemented to directly alert emergency responders. Model outputs by the SMARTerra infrastructure are comparable with results from in-field observations produced by the LAORE Regional Agency. The infrastructure provides a database for storing the time series and risk maps generated, which can be used by agencies and researchers to conduct further analysis.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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