Annual research & review in biology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Grape Seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) and Mandarin Peels (Citrus reticulate L.) Extracts on the Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats","authors":"Hanan Kamal Mohamed, Hanaa Mostafa Abd El-Fattah, H. Barakat, Kawkab A Ahmed, Sahar Mousa Galal","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1030435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1030435","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The current study was developed to investigate the influence of grape seeds (GS) and mandarin peels (MP) extracts as powerful antioxidants on the cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in rats. \u0000Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University. \u0000Methodology: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group (1): Rats were received distilled water daily orally for 6 weeks and injected interperitoneally (i.p) with saline (0.9 %) (2.5 ml / kg BW) as single dose at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Group (2): Rats were received distilled water orally and injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide which dissolved in saline (200 mg/kg BW. i.p.) at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Groups (3 and 4):  Rats were received grape seeds extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2. Groups (5 and 6): Rats were received mandarin peels extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2. \u0000Results: Our results documented that CP caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) enzymes activity and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. While total antioxidant capacity level (TAC) showed a significant decrease. On the other hand cardiac catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and cardiac β cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) level showed a significant decrease in CP group while cardiac p53, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation levels showed a significant increase in CP intoxicated group. Also, some histopathological changes were observed in liver and heart tissues in CP group. Oral administration of GS and MP caused an ameliorative effect in oxidative and apoptotic biomarkers, liver and heart function enzymes activity with an improvement of histopathological changes in liver and heart tissues. \u0000Conclusion: Our data proved that the protective effect of grape seeds and mandarin peels in cyclophosphamide intoxicated group may be due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- apoptotic properties.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89955590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Yield of Indonesian Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Genetic Resources","authors":"Roedy Soehendi, Ratri T. Hapsari, N. Nugrahaeni, Pratanti Haksiwi, .. Suhartina, .. Trustinah, Made J. Mejaya","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1030433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1030433","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genetic resources is important in breeding programs for development of new improved varieties. The objective of this study was to  describe the characters of 300 accessions of ILETRI’s mungbean genetic resources  collections. The study was conducted in Jambegede Experimental Station, East Java, Indonesia during dry season 2018. The results showed that the descriptive characters of 300 mungbean germplasm accessions had a fairly wide range, namely  50%-flowering date ranged from 30-50 days after planting with an average of 41.92 days, Pod maturity  ranged from 50 - 88 days after planting with an average of 74.08 days, 100-seed weight ranged from 2.43 to 7.96 g with an average of 4.52 g, and Seed weight per plot ranged from 10 - 525 g with an average of 254.53 g. There were three accessions with seed size more than 7.5 g/100 seeds, namely MLGV 0713, MLGV 0960, and MLGV 1027. These accessions could be used as a source of genes for developing high yielding and large seed size of  new improved mungbean varieties. Furthermore, the high diversity data in mungbean collection can provide information to used by  breeders.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82886621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Methanolic Extract and the Residual Fraction of the Stem Bark of Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae)","authors":"M. Traoré, A. Coulibaly, K. Traoré, Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent Boly, Esther W. L. M. B. Kabre, N. Ouedraogo, M. Kiendrebeogo, R. Sawadogo","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930430","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Daniellia oliveri methanolic extract and its fractions in NMRI mice. \u0000Study Design: In vivo acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic assays. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out in the Department of Traditional Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy (MEPHATRA / PH) of the Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS) Ouagadougou (Burkina- Faso) between December 2020 and February 2021. \u0000Methodology: The toxicity of the extracts was assessed according to OECD guideline 423 of 2001 at a single dose of 2000 mg / kg body weight. Analgesic effect was evaluated on the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and the anti-inflammatory activity using the Carrageenan anti-edematous test was determined according to Winter. \u0000Results: The results of the acute oral toxicity study in mice showed no clinical signs of toxicity at dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. The lethal dose (LD50) value estimated to 5000 mg/kg. The extracts reduced edema from the first hour, then by the third hour and maximum inhibition was achieved by the fifth hour after the injection of carrageenan. Extract and methanolic fraction at different doses showed significant inhibition of abdominal contortions in mice in a dose dependent manner. At 200mg the analgesic effect of methanolic fraction and crude extract was 53.70±1.29% and 41.38±1.25% respectively. At 400 mg/kg, the methanolic fraction inhibited carragenaan-induced edema by 85.97±5.67%. \u0000Conclusion: Daniellia oliveri is an important source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds, justifying the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85764888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro Testing of Antioxidant, Anti-Parasite Activities, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Evaluation of Abutilon Pannosum and Cassia Occidentalis Ethanolic Extracts","authors":"A. Elshikh, M. E. M. El-Nour, H. H. El-kamali, A. S. Kabbashi","doi":"10.9734/ARRB/2021/V36I930431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2021/V36I930431","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study to detect Anti-giardia, antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity and evaluated the chemical constituent of ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis. Study Design: Various standard methods were used to detect of bioactivity for ethanolic extracts of plants used in this study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the laboratories of microbiology and Original Research Article Elshikh et al.; ARRB, 36(9): 112-121, 2021; Article no.ARRB.61295 113 parasitology and chemistry, the International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan, during May 2019. Methodology: The ethanolic extract of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis was used as an anti-giardia and anti-oxidant in-vitro, and toxicity tests were performed using brine shrimp and MTT assay. Also, the compounds of the plants used were detected by the GCMS apparatus. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum showed high Anti-giardia activity (79%) in concentration (500 ppm) after 72 hours, whereas the activity of Cassia occidentalis extract showed (61%). The highest antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis was (68.7%), while it was weak in Abutilon pannosum ethanolic extract (45%) by using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of cytotoxicity revealed that the ethanolic extracts are highly toxic to brine shrimp, but are not toxic to normal cell line (MTT). Chromatographic analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) showed good separation of compounds. GCMS detected 22 and14 important compounds in Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis extracts respectively. The common compound in both plant extracts is n-Hexadecanoic acid. This acid was reported as an antioxidant. Conclusion: This study revealed that the biological activities of Abutilon pannosum extracts showed high activities of Anti-giardia and antioxidants. Non-cytotoxic in the normal cell line was shown. Cassia occidentalis showed high activity of Anti-giardia and weak activity antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74436855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus Detection and Production of Virus Free Plant Materials from the Lily by Selecting Basal Filament Flower as Explants","authors":"Yanjie Lv, Yajun Dou, Halizeremu Saidahemaiti, Xiangfeng He, Xiangxun Zhao, Wenhe Wang","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930429","url":null,"abstract":"Lilium is a perennial bulbous flower of Lily family Liliaceae, with high ornamental and economic value. However, Lily is vulnerable to virus infection, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Lily, and poses a great threat to the production, sales, especially export of Lily, and has caused huge economic losses to the related industries. Therefore, the research on lily virus removal methods and virus detection technology has important practical significance to improve the ornamental value and economic value of lily. \u0000In this study, the filaments of four susceptible lily varieties,' Valdisole' (A),'Adoration'(LA),' Ice Cube'(OT) and ‘Zantriana’ (O), were used as explants. The filaments of lily were divided into three parts, namely, top, middle, and base. In this paper, the virus detection of tissue culture seedlings induced by lily filaments was carried out by using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, and the removal effects of Cucumber mosaic virus,(CMV) and lily symptomless virus (LSV), two common viruses in lily, were explored, and the two detection technologies were compared. \u0000The results showed that the success rate of tissue culture seedlings induced by filament base was the highest, and CMV virus could be basically removed. RT-PCR detection is more sensitive than DAS-ELISA detection, but RT-PCR detection requires higher test conditions and technology. Therefore, appropriate virus detection methods can be selected according to actual conditions and severity.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81617243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial Osseus Metaplasia during Infertility Evaluation: A Case Series","authors":"J. Imaralu, A. Akadri, T. Solaja, O. Odelola, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930428","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To highlight the pathogenesis of endometrial osseus metaplasia, its importance as a rare cause of infertility and the benefit of hysteroscopic evaluation of infertile women with risk factors for osseus metaplasia. \u0000Presentation of Case: A diagnosis of endometrial osseus metaplasia was confirmed histologically in three women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy as part of infertility evaluation. They all had chronic vaginal discharge and a preceding history of induced second trimester abortion. Two of the patients were referred for evaluation before in-vitro-fertilization (IVF). Hysteroscopy was done with a 30° telescope, initially using a 2-channel diagnostic sheath, which was later replaced with a 4-channel operating sheath for tissue retrieval. \u0000Discussion: Endometrial osseus metaplasia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of mature or immature bone in the endometrial cavity. Endometrial retention of embryonic tissue following an abortion is the commonest theory of etio-pathogenesis. It is an important cause of infertility and while other causes of infertility can be easily by-passed in an IVF cycle, endometrial factors may not be addressed by IVF alone, as a defective endometrium is a risk for failure. Although there is no consensus on routine hysteroscopy for women undergoing IVF, it is the mainstay of evaluation and treatment of women with endometrial osseus metaplasia. \u0000Conclusion: Only complete removal of metaplastic tissue would restore fertility, in patients with osseus metaplasia. Hysteroscopy done in infertile women with risk factors for endometrial osseus metaplasia may enhance early treatment and ultimately increase successful spontaneous and IVF pregnancy rates.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85004616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Level of Manganese in Soil and Leaves: It’s Relationship to Fruit Quality of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)","authors":"Martias, B. Hariyanto, T. Purnama, Nofiarli, D. Emilda, Hendri, A. F. Siregar, A. Kasno, S. Yuliati, D. Hernita, I. Arsana, M. J. Mejaya","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930427","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese (Mn) is one of the essential micronutrients that plays a crucial role in plants' growth and development and is also considered a limiting factor for crop production. This study aimed to determine the critical level of Mn in soil and leaves for improving the quality of mangosteen fruit. The research was conducted in 2015 in several mangosteen production centers, including West Sumatra (Simalanggang and Banja Laweh), West Java (Karacak and Barengkok), Bali (Belimbing and Selamadeg). A well-maintained of fifteen to twenty years old mangosteen plants were used with uniform soil fertility. Purposive random sampling is conducted in each location to select ten plants from each site. Soil samples are taken from under the plant canopy around 0-30 cm in depth at the four cardinal directions. The terminal leaves that collected from the middle part of the plant canopy are used as the leaf samples. Physiological ripe fruits are taken after ripening with index 3-4. The parameters observed consist of (1) soil pH of H2O, Ca, Mg, Mn-available, (2) levels of Mn, Ca, Mg, and K in the leaves, (3) fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit skin thickness, aryl weight, seed weight). The results showed the Mn content in the soil ranged from 18.89 to 33.63 ppm. Available Mn is negatively affected by pH, Ca, and Mg exchangeability. Soil Mn is linearly related to leaf Mn with R2 0.76. The critical values of Mn in leaf and soil for mangosteen plants in Indonesia were 425 ppm and 22 to 24 ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84556176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview and Checklist of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae and Figitidae) of Anastrepha Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"M. S. M. Sousa, Jhulie Emille Veloso dos Santos, D. E. Nava, R. Zucchi, R. Adaime","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930426","url":null,"abstract":" Fruit-bearing plants in the Brazilian Amazon are mainly attacked by species of Anastrepha, of which about half are endemic to the region. However, tritrophic relations (fly/plant/parasitoid) have only been established for some 25% of the species of Anastrepha in the region. At present, 11 species of hymenopterous parasitoids (Braconidae and Figitidae) have been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasitoids in general, especially those of the family Braconidae, stand out as the most effective natural enemies of fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha. Doryctobracon areolatus is the most abundant parasitoid and it is associated with the largest number of Anastrepha species in the region. Some fruiting species, for example Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana and Geissospermum argenteum Woodson, have been studied aiming at biological control of fruit flies, because they act as reservoirs or multipliers of fruit fly parasitoids. Although research has advanced significantly in the past 20 years, there is a shortage of studies in nearly all states in the region, due to the huge area of the Brazilian Amazon.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80463103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Toxicity of Pesticides in Catfishes: Reproductive, Haematological and Biochemical Aspects","authors":"P. Suchiang","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930423","url":null,"abstract":"This review article focuses on the effect of pesticides on reproductive functions, haematological and biochemical changes in catfishes. Pesticides are chemical substances that are released into the environment to control the populations of harmful pests. Pesticide exposure leads to toxicity in aquatic organisms, including fishes which are particularly sensitive to pesticides. The acute and sublethal concentrations of pesticides in the aquatic environment result in different lethal alterations, including changes in reproductive functions, histology, haematology, proteins, glucose, lipids, enzymes, etc. Pesticides act as endocrine disruptor compounds and have the potential to impair reproductive function in catfishes. Alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters are used as efficient biomarkers in assessing the toxicity of pesticides in fishes.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81096370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’ Preference of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties Introduced to Improve Plant Productivity in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Widodo, R. Krisdiana, N. Prasetiaswati, K. Noerwijati, A. Harsono, D. Sucahyono, T. S. Wahyuni, T. Sundari, M. J. Mejaya, .. Martias, I. Arsana","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930422","url":null,"abstract":"A varietal testing had been undertaken in Pematangsiantar regency, North Sumatra province, Indonesia in 2015-2016. The objective of the study was to determine the preference of cassava growers to the introduced varieties compared to the existing cassava varieties. Twelve cassava varities (UB1/2, UB1472, Adira1, Malang4, Cecekijo, Farsem, Gajah, Ketan Jabung, Caspro, Malaysia, Adira4, and Cikaret) were tested using a Randomized Block Design with four replications. The data were taken on aboveground characters and underground characters such as root number, root diameter, root length, root weight, and starch content based on factory criteria (A = 22%, B = 18%, C = 14% and D = 10% starch content). Results of the study indicated that Malang-4 had the highest root yield (49,830 kg ha-1) followed by Farsem variety (41,690 kg ha-1), and Malaysia Local variety (41,030 kg ha-1). The bitter taste of Malang 4 was an appropriate character to be developed as starch processing of cassava. Starch content is very important indigenous criteria for farmers and traders to know fairly about pricing in relation with starch content. The higher starch content coincided with higher root yield of Malang-4 is very interesting and will benefit the factory. There was no difference in factory price of cassava from farmers, although the starch content indicated different levels (B =18%, C=14% or D =10%). The Malang-4 could be introduced to the local goverment for being grown in a larger areas in the North Sumatera province.","PeriodicalId":8230,"journal":{"name":"Annual research & review in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74431084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}