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Third age fitness: the connective materiality of a major movement in Brazil.
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2428068
Annette Leibing, Barbara Rossin Costa, Romário Nelvo

Since 2006, simple outdoor gyms have been installed on public squares all over Brazil. From the beginning, they were mainly conceived as for use by older people - especially women - within an international movement of 'healthy cities'. Based on an ethnography in Rio de Janeiro, our aim is to show in particular the politico-commercial dimensions of the fitness equipment. By insisting on this way of articulating a material dimension of care, different kinds of connectivity are highlighted - something we want to call connective materiality. The juxtaposition of data gained through observations, as well as formal and informal interviews with politicians, equipment manufacturers, and aging users of such fitness spaces, enlarges the notion of fitness as a measure of self-care and prevention, and frames fitness as political and connective.

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引用次数: 0
Collaborative ethnography and a call for pluralism and dialogic knowledge in health equity debates and global cancer research culture. 协作人种学,呼吁在卫生公平辩论和全球癌症研究文化中实现多元化和对话知识。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2416806
Natalia Luxardo

Scholars in medical anthropology note that, despite more than 25 years of anthropological studies on cancer, much of this scholarship remains marginal in mainstream public health approaches. This paper examines social practices, biases, and unnoticed assumptions in mainstream global health research culture that prevents anthropology from having a more influential role in cancer research and policy agendas. It focuses on the day-to-day, ordinary, micro academic practices in which differential power distribution exacerbates inequity within the field, ignoring the role played by approaches with disciplinarian, epistemological and geopolitical peripheries. Inspired by a Bourdieusian epistemic reflexivity, this autoethnography systematized and analyzed through decolonial lenses some deterrents within real-world-research practices, including as the corpus own studies on cancer and inequalities studies that were based on collaborative ethnography (2013-2024). Six categories account for such deterrents in the global field: 1) Public health mainstream-centrism and the lack of recognition of anthropological knowledge principles; 2) Restrictive conception of ethics; 3) Similis Simili Gaudet biases - to be inclined to select what is alike; 4) Ethnocentric and naïve assumptions in relation to the road from evidence to practice; 5) Unconsidered dimensions of collaborations: Strengthening citizenship; 6) The moral economy of (only) professional trajectories interests and hidden priorities. It concludes by noting that anthropology has a lot to provide in the search for a genuinely democratic, plural, and decentralized knowledge in global cancer equity debates strengthening paradigms of dialogue, still so fragile and invisible in the field of cancer and public health in general.

医学人类学的学者注意到,尽管对癌症的人类学研究已经超过了25年,但在主流的公共卫生方法中,这方面的很多研究仍然处于边缘地位。本文考察了主流全球健康研究文化中的社会实践、偏见和未被注意的假设,这些假设阻碍了人类学在癌症研究和政策议程中发挥更有影响力的作用。它侧重于日常的、普通的、微观的学术实践,在这些实践中,不同的权力分配加剧了领域内的不平等,忽视了学科、认识论和地缘政治外围方法所起的作用。受布尔迪乌主义认知反思性的启发,这一自我民族志通过非殖民化的视角系统化和分析了现实世界研究实践中的一些威慑因素,包括作为语库自己的基于合作民族志的癌症和不平等研究(2013-2024)。在全球范围内造成这种阻碍的原因有六个方面:1)公共卫生主流中心主义和对人类学知识原则的认识不足;2)限制性伦理观念;3) Similis Simili Gaudet偏见——倾向于选择相似的东西;4)关于从证据到实践之路的种族中心主义和naïve假设;5)未被考虑的合作维度:加强公民意识;(仅)职业轨迹、利益和隐藏优先事项的道德经济。最后指出,人类学在全球癌症公平辩论中寻求真正民主、多元和分散的知识方面可以提供很多东西,加强对话范例,在癌症和公共卫生领域仍然如此脆弱和无形。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of stigma on the LGBTQ patient care experience and health outcomes in the United States. 污名对美国LGBTQ患者护理经验和健康结果的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2416802
Jay S Pickern

The stigmatization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals has a direct impact on the patient care experience and eventual health outcomes of this population both in the United States and abroad. The stigmatization of LGBTQ individuals in the healthcare system can lead to poor patient care and LGBTQ patients' self-removal from the healthcare system entirely. This self-removal could lead to untreated health issues, as well as the spread of communicable diseases throughout the LGBTQ community. This commentary reviews the Report of the 2019 Southern LGBTQ Health Survey. Recommendations are made for improving provider education on LGBTQ issues, which would, in turn, improve the LGBTQ patient care experience and health outcomes for this population.

对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和酷儿(LGBTQ)个体的污名化直接影响着患者的护理体验和这一人群的最终健康结果,无论是在美国还是在国外。医疗保健系统对LGBTQ个人的污名化可能导致患者护理不良,LGBTQ患者完全从医疗保健系统中自我移除。这种自我移除可能会导致未经治疗的健康问题,以及传染病在LGBTQ社区的传播。本评论回顾了2019年南方LGBTQ健康调查报告。提出了关于改善提供者关于LGBTQ问题的教育的建议,这反过来将改善LGBTQ患者的护理经验和这一人群的健康结果。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal curation: curating life in the anticipation of cancer. 时间管理:在癌症预期中管理生活。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2416800
Michal Frumer, Marie Louise Tørring, Rikke Sand Andersen

This paper explores cancer as a 'total social fact', considering it both a specific material entity and an immaterial phenomenon with social, political, and legal implications. Based on long-term ethnographic field studies on cancer as anticipation in the Danish welfare state, specifically within lung cancer diagnostics and the surveillance for 'tissue changes', the paper explores how cancer is constituted and experienced. Analyzing this new and rising cancer phenomenon, the paper attends to scale by focusing analytically on three levels (national, institutional, and intersubjective) and conceptualizes how cancer manifests at these different levels through practices of temporal curation. Temporal curation is conceptually directed at understanding both how past, present, and future exist concurrently in the diagnostic space, and how cancer is produced, preserved, and brought into the future. Hence, this paper contributes to understandings of the modern in healthcare systems, specifically arguing for a shift in discussions on diagnostics beyond a narrow focus on classificatory processes to comprise how a diagnostic phenomenon becomes temporal and sociopolitical.

本文将癌症视为一种“完全的社会事实”,认为它既是一种特定的物质实体,也是一种具有社会、政治和法律含义的非物质现象。基于丹麦福利国家对癌症预期的长期人种学领域研究,特别是在肺癌诊断和“组织变化”监测方面,本文探讨了癌症是如何构成和经历的。分析这一新的和不断上升的癌症现象,本文通过分析三个层面(国家、机构和主体间)来关注规模,并通过时间策展实践概念化癌症在这些不同层面上的表现。时间策展在概念上旨在理解过去、现在和未来如何同时存在于诊断空间中,以及癌症是如何产生、保存和带入未来的。因此,本文有助于对现代医疗保健系统的理解,特别是主张在诊断讨论中的转变,超越对分类过程的狭隘关注,以包括诊断现象如何成为时间和社会政治。
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引用次数: 0
The insensitivity of 'sensitive care': the bureaucracy of pregnancy tissue disposal in England, UK. 敏感护理 "的麻木不仁:英国英格兰处理妊娠组织的官僚主义。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2416804
Susie Kilshaw

The practices surrounding pregnancy ends and pregnancy remains shift and change depending on the cultural and historical context. Based on ethnographic research in one group NHS Hospital organisation in England, the paper explores what practices around pregnancy remains reveal about the values afforded the material in different contexts by different actors and the moments when these intersect. It argues that framing miscarriage as bereavement helps to structure caregiving in clinical settings and that clinical practices produce foetal personhood in ways that may not be in keeping with women's notions of their pregnancy material. It illustrates that hospital practices contain notions of value which become legitimated as the appropriate approach with consequences for normativity. This may lead to women feeling isolated and abnormal when their approach is at odds with that of the clinic. Through an exploration of how women encounter and negotiate disposal practices, the paper argues that current practice requires revision to flexibly respond to diversity but also shifting meaning and values attributed to these experiences and materials.

围绕妊娠结局和妊娠遗体的实践会随着文化和历史背景的变化而变化。本文基于对英格兰一家国家医疗服务系统医院集团的人种学研究,探讨了围绕妊娠残留物的实践揭示了不同参与者在不同背景下赋予该物质的价值,以及这些价值交汇的时刻。论文认为,将流产视为丧亲之痛有助于构建临床环境中的护理工作,而临床实践产生胎儿人格的方式可能与妇女对其妊娠材料的观念不一致。这说明医院的做法包含了价值概念,这些概念被合法化为适当的方法,并对规范性产生影响。当妇女的做法与诊所的做法不一致时,这可能会导致她们感到孤立和不正常。通过对妇女如何接触和协商处置方法的探讨,本文认为需要对当前的做法进行修订,以灵活应对多样性,同时也要转变赋予这些经验和材料的意义和价值。
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引用次数: 0
Feeling social change in the gut: gyāstrik and the problematisation of domestic roles among Newar women in contemporary Nepal. 在内脏中感受社会变革:当代尼泊尔纽瓦族妇女的家庭角色问题化。
IF 1.8 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2387502
Paola Tiné
Drawing upon 15 months of research conducted in 2018-2019 in Bhaktapur, Nepal, this paper examines how middle-class women experience and make sense of gyāstrik (an umbrella term for multiple gut disorders) as an embodiment of social change. Enumerating dietary injustices and distress following unmet middle-class expectations of well-being and domestic intimacy as a primary cause of the condition, these women narratively problematised social norms and found ways out through the concomitant vocalisation of physical pain and social discontent. While illness epistemologies differ (with the persistence of mind-body dichotomies on the one hand and the centrality of notions of well-being and ideals of self-care on the other), these accounts demonstrate both a passive and active role of the gut in the social change experience, inviting to take the gut as the site where somatic modes of 'attention' and 'action' enable the navigation of personal life trajectories and the negotiation of social change itself.
本文以2018-2019年在尼泊尔巴克塔普尔进行的15个月研究为基础,探讨了中产阶级妇女如何体验和理解gyāstrik(多种肠道疾病的总称)作为社会变革的体现。这些妇女列举了饮食方面的不公正以及中产阶级对幸福和家庭亲密关系的期望得不到满足而产生的痛苦,认为这是导致这种疾病的主要原因,她们在叙述中对社会规范提出了质疑,并通过同时表达身体上的痛苦和对社会的不满找到了出路。虽然疾病的认识论有所不同(一方面是身心二分法的持续存在,另一方面是幸福概念和自我保健理想的中心地位),但这些叙述显示了肠道在社会变革经历中的被动和主动作用,使人将肠道视为 "关注 "和 "行动 "的躯体模式能够引导个人生活轨迹和协商社会变革本身的场所。
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引用次数: 0
A matter of balance. Positioning of parents' selves through negotiations of symptoms' meaning at a pain clinic for children/young people. 平衡问题。在儿童/青少年疼痛门诊中,通过对症状意义的协商来定位父母的自我。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2373013
Sara Seerup Laursen

This paper traces how the meaning of symptoms and the positioning of selves are entangled and discursively constructed in therapeutic conversations between parents and therapists at a pain clinic for children and young people (age 8 to 18) with recurrent or chronic pain or other somatic symptoms with no established biophysical pathology. Based on data material from an ethnographic fieldwork it is examined how the selves of respectively children/young people and their parents are discursively positioned in conversational encounters and the role positioning of selves play in the context of establishing and negotiating the symptoms' meaning. The bearer of medically unexplained symptoms is oftentimes subjected to moral assessments. In this paper it will be shown that parents, in the institutional setting of the pain clinic, enter the negotiation of moral assessments assigned to their children, and that these moral assessments not only concern the sufferers' selves but also the selves of the parents. The overall argument is that dialogues between parents and therapists concerning the meaning and source of their children's symptoms are simultaneously negotiations in which not only the sufferers'  but also their parents' moral positions are at stake.

本文追溯了在一家疼痛诊所中,父母与治疗师之间的治疗对话中,症状的意义和自我的定位是如何纠缠在一起并进行话语建构的,该诊所的服务对象是患有反复发作或慢性疼痛或其他躯体症状但未确定生物物理病理学的儿童和青少年(8 至 18 岁)。根据人种学实地调查的数据资料,研究了儿童/青少年及其父母的自我在对话中是如何进行话语定位的,以及自我定位在确立和协商症状意义方面所起的作用。医学上无法解释的症状的携带者经常受到道德评价。本文将说明,在疼痛诊所的机构环境中,父母参与了对其子女的道德评估的协商,这些道德评估不仅涉及患者的自我,也涉及父母的自我。总的论点是,父母与治疗师之间关于其子女症状的意义和来源的对话同时也是一场谈判,在这场谈判中,不仅涉及患者的道德立场,也涉及其父母的道德立场。
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引用次数: 0
(In) visibility of health and illness: Instagram as an unregulated public health platform. (健康与疾病的可见性:Instagram 作为不受监管的公共卫生平台。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2386887
Rachael Kent

This paper examines the changing terrain of accessing health and illness guidance and information through the lens of social media, specifically It argues how Instagram, has increasingly become an unregulated -public health platform in today's digital society. Drawing on extensive empirical interview data from two research projects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which explored how users showcased and performed health and illness on Instagram, this paper demonstrates how Instagram has became an important forum from which to perform proactive health practices, as well as to legitimate ill health through making healthy behaviours visible, as well as invisible illnesses like disease, COVID-19, and mental health conditions. Over time and through continuous sharing of this content may contribute to increased understanding or even a de-stigmatisation of such illnesses or chronic conditions. With the social media market currently valued at 49.9 billion, and influencer spending around 4.9 billion, the value, reach and direct impact of this 'attention economy' on public health should not be underestimated. Instagram serves as a forum for these practices and helps legitimize ill health by making both healthy behaviours and -invisible illnesses visible. This visibility can contribute to increased understanding and de-stigmatization of chronic conditions and mental health issues. The paper argues that Instagram has evolved into an informal, unregulated public health platform.

本文通过社交媒体的视角审视了获取健康与疾病指导和信息的不断变化的环境,特别是Instagram如何日益成为当今数字社会中一个不受监管的公共卫生平台。本文利用 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的两个研究项目中的大量实证访谈数据,探讨了用户如何在 Instagram 上展示和表现健康与疾病,从而证明了 Instagram 如何成为一个重要的论坛,通过让健康行为以及疾病、COVID-19 和精神健康状况等隐形疾病变得可见,从而表现出积极的健康实践以及将疾病合法化。随着时间的推移,通过不断分享这些内容,可能会加深人们对此类疾病或慢性病的理解,甚至消除其污名。目前,社交媒体市场价值为 499 亿美元,影响者支出约为 49 亿美元,这种 "注意力经济 "对公共卫生的价值、覆盖面和直接影响不容低估。Instagram 为这些行为提供了一个论坛,并通过让健康行为和 "看不见的疾病 "变得可见,帮助将不健康行为合法化。这种可见性有助于加深人们对慢性疾病和心理健康问题的理解并消除其污名化。本文认为,Instagram 已经发展成为一个非正式的、不受监管的公共卫生平台。
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引用次数: 0
Surveillance medicine 2.0: digital monitoring of community health workers in India. 监测医学 2.0:对印度社区卫生工作者的数字监测。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2378733
Sandra Bärnreuther

This paper examines a digital platform used in the primary health sector in a state in Eastern India. Within a 'regime of tactility,' it is supposed to redefine the state's presence in rural areas, not only by attending to patients but also by screening the population and establishing health databases. While the health workers who operate the digital platform represent the state in 'the peripheries,' the state itself exhibits mistrust towards them and monitors their performance through the platform. Based on long-term ethnographic research, the manuscript analyses the use of digital health technologies as technologies of accountability. The competitive nature of monitoring techniques leads to an ever-higher number of digital consultations, which projects the image of a caring and efficient state. However, the paper also explores the unintended consequences of this politics by display on the provision of healthcare. Even though digital technologies and the managerial form of governance they engender promise to touch people's lives, they lead to intangible forms of care while leaving untouched pressing structural issues that India's health sector has been facing for decades.

本文探讨了印度东部某邦初级卫生部门使用的数字平台。在 "触觉制度 "中,该平台被认为可以重新定义国家在农村地区的存在,不仅可以为病人提供服务,还可以对人口进行筛查并建立健康数据库。虽然操作数字平台的卫生工作者代表着 "边缘地区 "的国家,但国家本身却对他们表现出不信任,并通过平台监控他们的表现。在长期人种学研究的基础上,手稿分析了数字医疗技术作为问责技术的使用情况。监控技术的竞争性质导致数字会诊的数量不断增加,从而塑造了一个关爱和高效的国家形象。然而,本文也探讨了这种政治在提供医疗服务方面的意外后果。尽管数字技术及其带来的管理形式有望触及人们的生活,但它们在带来无形形式的关怀的同时,却忽略了印度卫生部门数十年来一直面临的紧迫结构性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Telecare that works: lessons on integrating digital technologies in elder care from Indian transnational families. 行之有效的远程护理:印度跨国家庭在将数字技术融入老年人护理方面的经验教训。
IF 1.5 4区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2024.2378726
Tanja Ahlin, Kasturi Sen, Jeannette Pols

In recent decades, policy makers around the world have been working on implementing various technologies into healthcare, and the Covid19 pandemic fueled this process. The specialized technological solutions for telecare - the use of technologies for care at a distance - are often adopted by users in different ways than intended, or are abandoned if the users cannot find applications that are meaningful to them. However, beyond specialized healthcare technologies, people are incorporating mundane digital technologies into their (health)care practices. In this paper, we draw on ethnographic research on the use of everyday digital technologies in Indian families where migrating children who are professional nurses care for their aging parents at a distance. Our findings show that 1) remote elder care is enacted through frequent calling which further fosters trust, necessary to provide healthcare remotely; 2) the motivation for older adults to engage with digital technologies is grounded in the value of family and affect which is consequential also for health; 3) technologies, too, require care-work in the form of everyday maintenance; and 4) in-person visits from children remain important, indicating that hybrid interaction is optimal for good care at a distance. We conclude that taking these findings into account may contribute to a more successful implementation of formal telecare systems.

近几十年来,世界各地的政策制定者一直在努力将各种技术应用到医疗保健领域,而 Covid19 大流行则推动了这一进程。远程医疗的专业技术解决方案--使用远程医疗技术--往往被用户以不同于预期的方式采用,或者如果用户找不到对他们有意义的应用,就会放弃。然而,除了专门的医疗保健技术之外,人们还将普通的数字技术融入到他们的(医疗)保健实践中。在本文中,我们通过人种学研究了解了印度家庭中日常数字技术的使用情况,在这些家庭中,身为专业护士的移民子女远程照顾年迈的父母。我们的研究结果表明:1)远程老人护理是通过频繁的通话来实现的,这进一步促进了远程医疗所需的信任;2)老年人使用数字技术的动机是基于家庭和情感的价值,这对健康也是有影响的;3)技术也需要日常维护形式的护理工作;4)子女的亲自探访仍然很重要,这表明混合互动是实现良好远程护理的最佳方式。我们的结论是,考虑到这些发现可能有助于更成功地实施正规远程护理系统。
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引用次数: 0
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Anthropology & Medicine
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