Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.516
N. Badhwar
Last year, a special issue of this journal addressed the concepts of well-being and happiness as they appear in discussions of public policy. This paper defends an objective conception of well-being as happiness in a worthwhile life. Nevertheless, the paper points out problems that face any proposal for a well-being policy. To promote the well-being of its people, the state would impose its own conception of well-being on them and thus violate the principle of impartiality.
{"title":"Objectivity and Subjectivity in Theories of Well-Being","authors":"N. Badhwar","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.516","url":null,"abstract":"Last year, a special issue of this journal addressed the concepts of well-being and happiness as they appear in discussions of public policy. This paper defends an objective conception of well-being as happiness in a worthwhile life. Nevertheless, the paper points out problems that face any proposal for a well-being policy. To promote the well-being of its people, the state would impose its own conception of well-being on them and thus violate the principle of impartiality.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.580
J. D. Winter
Because society depends so thoroughly on advances in scientific knowledge, the integrity of scientific research has become of utmost importance. Yet scientific integrity is hard to define. There are many instances where it is breached even when there is no falsification or fabrication of evidence. To pass muster scientific research must meet epistemic standards implicit in the kind o inquiry it is, but a general definition of these standards is elusive.
{"title":"Defining Scientific Integrity","authors":"J. D. Winter","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.580","url":null,"abstract":"Because society depends so thoroughly on advances in scientific knowledge, the integrity of scientific research has become of utmost importance. Yet scientific integrity is hard to define. There are many instances where it is breached even when there is no falsification or fabrication of evidence. To pass muster scientific research must meet epistemic standards implicit in the kind o inquiry it is, but a general definition of these standards is elusive.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.13021/G8pppq.322014.577
Terry L. Price
Candidates for political office undergo close and even crushing public scrutiny of their personal lives by the press and by their political adversaries. Philosophers such as Thomas Nagel have argued that the political process scares off good candidates and becomes immersed in irrelevancies when it obliterates the distinction between the public and the personal. But by paying attention to the private lives of politicians, the electorate may acquire information it deems relevant to public issues, and there are reasons to believe that it is right.
{"title":"Political Leadership and the Social Value of Privacy","authors":"Terry L. Price","doi":"10.13021/G8pppq.322014.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8pppq.322014.577","url":null,"abstract":"Candidates for political office undergo close and even crushing public scrutiny of their personal lives by the press and by their political adversaries. Philosophers such as Thomas Nagel have argued that the political process scares off good candidates and becomes immersed in irrelevancies when it obliterates the distinction between the public and the personal. But by paying attention to the private lives of politicians, the electorate may acquire information it deems relevant to public issues, and there are reasons to believe that it is right.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.579
Evan Berry
The intensifying processes of globalization have forced scholars and policy-makers to recognize the limited capacities of nation states and have reanimated interest in cosmopolitanism and in global ethics, that is, the idea that people are directly responsible to each other rather than indirectly through collective agencies such as states. This article describes problems that attend the shift from states to persons as the kinds of agents most suited to respond to climate change. It argues for more philosophical attention to the levels of organization and scales of analysis that make sense in the context of global challenges.
{"title":"Some Scalar Issues in Climate Ethics","authors":"Evan Berry","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.579","url":null,"abstract":"The intensifying processes of globalization have forced scholars and policy-makers to recognize the limited capacities of nation states and have reanimated interest in cosmopolitanism and in global ethics, that is, the idea that people are directly responsible to each other rather than indirectly through collective agencies such as states. This article describes problems that attend the shift from states to persons as the kinds of agents most suited to respond to climate change. It argues for more philosophical attention to the levels of organization and scales of analysis that make sense in the context of global challenges.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"746 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-21DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.515
Joy Gordon
International law has long given us a clear ethical framework for understanding indiscriminate harm to noncombatants, and also for grounding the imperative of protecting vulnerable populations. But economic sanctions that deliberately cause enormous harm to an entire civilian population are likely to elude moral recognition.
{"title":"Proving Impoverishment: Child Mortality Rates and the Problem of Moral Recognition","authors":"Joy Gordon","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.515","url":null,"abstract":"International law has long given us a clear ethical framework for understanding indiscriminate harm to noncombatants, and also for grounding the imperative of protecting vulnerable populations. But economic sanctions that deliberately cause enormous harm to an entire civilian population are likely to elude moral recognition.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-21DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.513
M. Gerver
This paper examines the ethical responsibilities of those NGOs that assist in repatriating migrants from countries that do not want them -- in particular, the case of the South Sudanese in Israel. Did NGOs exploit these migrants by using repatriation to appeal to donors? Were NGOs complicit in a government policy that may have been unjust?
{"title":"The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Repatriation of Refugees","authors":"M. Gerver","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.513","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the ethical responsibilities of those NGOs that assist in repatriating migrants from countries that do not want them -- in particular, the case of the South Sudanese in Israel. Did NGOs exploit these migrants by using repatriation to appeal to donors? Were NGOs complicit in a government policy that may have been unjust?","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"2-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-28DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.578
Matt Zwolinski
Libertarians are strong defenders of the rights of person and property against trespass or invasion. Taken to its logical conclusion, the libertarian position would insist on the elimination of pollution since it involves the invasion of one person -- through effluents or emissions -- on another. Yet to eliminate all pollution would be to bring the economy to a screeching halt. Libertarians have struggled with the question of how much pollution should be thought acceptable and why.
{"title":"Libertarianism and Pollution","authors":"Matt Zwolinski","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.578","url":null,"abstract":"Libertarians are strong defenders of the rights of person and property against trespass or invasion. Taken to its logical conclusion, the libertarian position would insist on the elimination of pollution since it involves the invasion of one person -- through effluents or emissions -- on another. Yet to eliminate all pollution would be to bring the economy to a screeching halt. Libertarians have struggled with the question of how much pollution should be thought acceptable and why.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"9-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.556
J. Vogel
The lack of clear procedure and the use of ad hoc consensus decision-making in the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change is a significant problem. Drawing on theories of international regimes formulated by Robert O. Keohane and on a conception of global responsibility based on social connection rather than liability formulated by Iris Marion Young, Vogel argue that consensus decisionmaking procedure in the UNFCCC is both ineffective and unjust. It obscures in a forum that is meant to clarify. It glosses over the differentiated capabilities of the world’s countries in a forum that needs to grapple with those differences. Though majority-voting rules will not solve all the problems of the UNFCCC, clear procedure is necessary if world leaders are to scale up cooperative climate action.
{"title":"The Problem with Consensus in the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change","authors":"J. Vogel","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.556","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of clear procedure and the use of ad hoc consensus decision-making in the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change is a significant problem. Drawing on theories of international regimes formulated by Robert O. Keohane and on a conception of global responsibility based on social connection rather than liability formulated by Iris Marion Young, Vogel argue that consensus decisionmaking procedure in the UNFCCC is both ineffective and unjust. It obscures in a forum that is meant to clarify. It glosses over the differentiated capabilities of the world’s countries in a forum that needs to grapple with those differences. Though majority-voting rules will not solve all the problems of the UNFCCC, clear procedure is necessary if world leaders are to scale up cooperative climate action.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.563
Kenneth Shockley
Shockley uses equity to assess the moral significance of loss and damage in any successor treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. He argues that we might conceptualize loss and damage either in terms of the costs associated with rectifying a past wrong, a backward-looking accountability approach, or in terms of balancing uncertain future burdens in the face of unknown harms, a forward-looking distributional approach. Shockley argues that the forward looking approach is more practicable, better able to address problems that have not yet arisen but will arise, and better able to integrate intuitive strengths of the backward-looking view. He argues that there is good reason to think of loss and damage in terms of the opportunities and prospects that may accompany a changing climate.
{"title":"The Responsible Path between Scylla and Charybdis: Making Sense of Appeals to Equity in Climate Change Loss and Damage Mechanisms","authors":"Kenneth Shockley","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.563","url":null,"abstract":"Shockley uses equity to assess the moral significance of loss and damage in any successor treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. He argues that we might conceptualize loss and damage either in terms of the costs associated with rectifying a past wrong, a backward-looking accountability approach, or in terms of balancing uncertain future burdens in the face of unknown harms, a forward-looking distributional approach. Shockley argues that the forward looking approach is more practicable, better able to address problems that have not yet arisen but will arise, and better able to integrate intuitive strengths of the backward-looking view. He argues that there is good reason to think of loss and damage in terms of the opportunities and prospects that may accompany a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.552
Gwynne Taraska, Kenneth Shockley
The human costs of climate change are now widespread and severe. Communities across the globe are facing adverse climate impacts--including food and water insecurity, increased prevalence of tropical diseases, and the loss of lives and livelihoods--that will only escalate along with escalating global temperatures. Moreover, many regions that are particularly vulnerable to climate change--from Haiti to the Philippines and from Bangladesh to Sudan--are also relatively low emitters of greenhouse gases. Calls for an international response to climate change that is not only effective but also sensitive to moral concerns are therefore reaching a crescendo. For example, the 2013 U.N. climate negotiations in Warsaw, which commenced just days after the devastating Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Philippines, saw a consuming focus on the issue of "loss and damage"--which refers to repairable damage or permanent loss due to the impacts of climate change--as well as demands for financial assistance from industrialized countries. Concerns about loss and damage and concerns about climate finance continued unabated during the 2014 climate negotiations in Lima and promise to continue as the parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC, work toward striking an international climate agreement during the 2015 negotiations in Paris. At the same time, the normative and conceptual landscapes of the negotiations are shifting and evolving. Developing countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia are now among the world's top greenhouse gas emitters, and there is growing recognition that the UNFCCC's categorization of countries into Annex I parties and non-Annex I parties--according to their states of development as of 1992--is too outmoded to serve as an organizing principle for a new climate agreement. China and the U.S., which have been notorious antagonists in the negotiations, recently came forward with a historic joint announcement on new greenhouse gas mitigation targets. Parties such as Mexico, Peru, and Colombia are aligning themselves with parties such as Japan, the E.U., and the U.S. as contributors of international climate finance and have made pledges to the nascent Green Climate Fund, which aims to help developing countries transition to pathways of low-carbon and climate-resilient growth. And all parties to the UNFCCC are currently grappling with how to represent concepts such as national responsibility and capability in the 2015 agreement. There is therefore a great need for philosophical analysis and the clarity it provides as we head toward Paris and aim for a durable, fair, and ambitious new climate regime. This volume is part of a growing body of research that engages with the normative and conceptual dimensions of the international climate negotiations and has the potential to shape a more reflective and successful climate policy. In this volume, each author draws substantive conclusions that arise in the context
{"title":"Introduction: Normative and Conceptual Dimensions of the International Climate Negotiations","authors":"Gwynne Taraska, Kenneth Shockley","doi":"10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13021/G8PPPQ.322014.552","url":null,"abstract":"The human costs of climate change are now widespread and severe. Communities across the globe are facing adverse climate impacts--including food and water insecurity, increased prevalence of tropical diseases, and the loss of lives and livelihoods--that will only escalate along with escalating global temperatures. Moreover, many regions that are particularly vulnerable to climate change--from Haiti to the Philippines and from Bangladesh to Sudan--are also relatively low emitters of greenhouse gases. Calls for an international response to climate change that is not only effective but also sensitive to moral concerns are therefore reaching a crescendo. For example, the 2013 U.N. climate negotiations in Warsaw, which commenced just days after the devastating Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Philippines, saw a consuming focus on the issue of \"loss and damage\"--which refers to repairable damage or permanent loss due to the impacts of climate change--as well as demands for financial assistance from industrialized countries. Concerns about loss and damage and concerns about climate finance continued unabated during the 2014 climate negotiations in Lima and promise to continue as the parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC, work toward striking an international climate agreement during the 2015 negotiations in Paris. At the same time, the normative and conceptual landscapes of the negotiations are shifting and evolving. Developing countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia are now among the world's top greenhouse gas emitters, and there is growing recognition that the UNFCCC's categorization of countries into Annex I parties and non-Annex I parties--according to their states of development as of 1992--is too outmoded to serve as an organizing principle for a new climate agreement. China and the U.S., which have been notorious antagonists in the negotiations, recently came forward with a historic joint announcement on new greenhouse gas mitigation targets. Parties such as Mexico, Peru, and Colombia are aligning themselves with parties such as Japan, the E.U., and the U.S. as contributors of international climate finance and have made pledges to the nascent Green Climate Fund, which aims to help developing countries transition to pathways of low-carbon and climate-resilient growth. And all parties to the UNFCCC are currently grappling with how to represent concepts such as national responsibility and capability in the 2015 agreement. There is therefore a great need for philosophical analysis and the clarity it provides as we head toward Paris and aim for a durable, fair, and ambitious new climate regime. This volume is part of a growing body of research that engages with the normative and conceptual dimensions of the international climate negotiations and has the potential to shape a more reflective and successful climate policy. In this volume, each author draws substantive conclusions that arise in the context ","PeriodicalId":82464,"journal":{"name":"Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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