Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Introduction: This randomized controlled trial study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet intervention by the registered dietitians.

Methods: Eighty-two people living with HIV (PLHIV) with dyslipidemia were randomly allocated to the intervention group as well as another 82 PLHIV with dyslipidemia to the control group. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to meet the registered dietitians every 2 weeks at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 (a totally of 12 weeks) to receive individual medical nutrition therapy according to the TLC diet principles, while the participants in the control group only received routine health care service.

Results: Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group at the endpoint (p < 0.05). In addition, these biomarkers and C-reactive protein of the intervention group were significantly lower when compared with their baseline (p < 0.05). The overall dietary habits of participants in the intervention group were significantly improved at the end of the study (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The medical nutrition therapy intervention based on the TLC diet is effective in improving blood lipid profiles among PLHIV with dyslipidemia.

Introduction: Interventions promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) may benefit infant health outcomes, but evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this review was to assess the effect of interventions promoting EBF on health outcomes in infants and children under 7 years of age.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to April 2022. Inclusion criteria were randomized or cluster-randomized controlled trials aiming to increase EBF that reported effects on offspring growth, morbidity, and/or mortality up to age 7 years. The primary outcome was infant/child growth. Secondary outcomes were infant morbidity and mortality and EBF rates. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results: Thirty-two studies (40 papers) were identified. No effect on infant/child growth was observed. EBF promotion interventions significantly improved EBF rates up to 6 months (n = 25; OR 3.15; 95% CI: 2.36, 4.19) and significantly reduced the odds of respiratory illness at 0-3 months by 59% (n = 2; OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.84) but not at later time-points. A borderline significant effect was observed for diarrhea (n = 12; OR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.00). Effects on hospitalizations or mortality were not significant.

Discussion/conclusion: EBF promotion interventions improve EBF rates and might yield modest reductions in infant morbidity without affecting infant/child growth. Future studies should investigate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions and examine potential benefits on other health outcomes.

Introduction: Lipid emulsion preparations, known for their clinical utility, are associated with various adverse events related to lipid metabolism. In this study, we analyzed the safety profile of lipid emulsions in clinical practice, using a real-world database.

Methods: The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database was used to retrieve adverse events associated with lipid emulsion use. The risk of adverse events was evaluated based on the reported odds ratio and time-to-onset analysis.

Results: A total of 4,430 relevant adverse event reports were identified. Hepatic dysfunction tended to occur in the early stages after administration, regardless of the lipid emulsion type. The incidence of hepatic dysfunction varies depending on the triglyceride content of the administered lipid emulsion. Infection tended to occur in the early stages of lipid emulsion administration; however, the incidence did not significantly differ depending on triglyceride content.

Conclusion: Our study revealed adverse lipid emulsion events, indicating the need for comprehensive safety management, particularly in the early stages, for clinical use. Particularly, patients receiving parenteral nutrition, irrespective of lipid emulsion administration, necessitate thorough monitoring of liver function and triglyceride levels and reassessment of infusion rates.

Introduction: Oxylipins are mediators of oxidative stress. To characterize the underlying inflammatory processes and phenotype effect of iron metabolism disorders, we investigated the oxylipin profile in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) patients.

Methods: An LC-MS/MS-based method was performed to quantify plasma oxylipins in 20 HH and 20 DIOS patients in fasting conditions and 3 h after an iron-rich meal in HH patients.

Results: Principal component analysis showed no separation between HH and DIOS, suggesting that the clinical phenotype has no direct impact on oxylipin metabolism. 20-HETE was higher in DIOS and correlated with hypertension (p = 0.03). Different oxylipin signatures were observed in HH before and after the iron-rich meal. Discriminant oxylipins include epoxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid as well as 13-HODE and 9-HODE. Mediation analysis found no major contribution of dietary iron absorption for 16/22 oxylipins significantly affected by the meal.

Discussion: The oxylipin profiles of HH and DIOS seemed similar except for 20-HETE, possibly reflecting different hypertension prevalence between the two groups. Oxylipins were significantly affected by the iron-rich meal, but the specific contribution of iron was not clear. Although iron may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation in HH and DIOS, this does not seem to directly affect oxylipin metabolism.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between overweight/obesity and the combined behavior of speed-eating and eating until full among part-time high school students.

Methods: In 2015, 2,507 male and female part-time high school students from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, who completed a self-reported questionnaire on lifestyle, were included in the analysis. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or more. Responses regarding speed-eating and eating until full were obtained by self-reporting. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for overweight/obesity.

Results: Among the participants, 340 (13.6%) were overweight/obese and 468 (18.7%) reported both speed-eating and eating until full. Compared to neither speed-eating nor eating until full group, after adjustment for sex, age, work pattern, physical activity level, sleep duration, frequency of picky eating, frequency of snack intake, fast food intake frequency, frequency of adding salty condiments, frequency of eating less food to save money, and survey schools, the OR (95% CI) for overweight/obesity in speed-eating and not eating until full, eating until full and not speed-eating, and speed-eating and eating until full was 2.11 (1.38-3.22), 1.54 (1.12-2.10), and 2.94 (2.08-4.16), respectively.

Conclusions: The combination of speed-eating and eating until full was associated with overweight/obesity among part-time high school students independent of other lifestyle factors.

Introduction: Dietary fat intake in pregnancy, lactation, and childhood determines child growth, neurodevelopment, and long-term health.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of dietary guidelines on fat intake for pregnant and lactating women, infants, children, and adolescents. We systematically searched several databases and websites for relevant documents published in English from 2015 to 2019.

Results: We included 14 documents. Of those, eight targeted pregnant and/or lactating women, mainly recommending daily intake of approx. 250 mg/d of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while one advised supplementing 800 mg/d DHA and 100 mg/d EPA in women of low omega-3 fatty acid status. The number of guidelines for infants was low (n = 3). Recommended intakes of total fat were 30-40% and 20-35% of total energy intake (TEI) for infants and children, respectively. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) <10% of TEI and avoidance of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) were recommended across childhood. The methodology applied to develop guidelines and to grade the strength of recommendations was heterogeneous.

Conclusion: Quantitative recommendations on fat intake during pregnancy focused mainly on PUFA intake, and those targeting infants were limited. Consistent recommendations were provided for total fat, SFA, and TFA intake in childhood; however, strength of recommendation was mostly not reported.

The 22nd International Congress of Nutrition (ICN) was organized under the auspices of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) and was celebrated Japan, December 6-11, 2022. The IUNS-ICN is a four-yearly meeting that has been held since 1946. The 2022 IUNS- ICN edition has been conjointly organized by the Japan society of Nutrition and Food Science, The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics and the IUNS Council with the integrative collaboration of the Organizing, Scientific and Executive Committees under the motto "The Power of Nutrition: for the smiles of 10 billion people". The aim of this IUNS 22nd ICN was to promote the global exchange of knowledge in Nutritional Sciences and to encourage communications well as capacity building. The scientific program comprised 2 Opening Lectures, 8 Plenary Lectures, 32 Special Lectures, 8 Special Symposia, 124 Symposia and 2 Panel Discussions and 1 Closing Lecture. The congress focused on every aspect of nutrition issues, going through a wide variety of topics, which were dealt with from different perspectives in order to enrich our attendees' points of view. Let us mention the tracks of the developed program: Advances in Nutrition Research, Nutrients and Nutritional Assessment, Nutrition Through Life Course, Nutrition and Management of Diseases, Food Culture Practices and Nutrition Education, Public Health Nutrition and Environment, Functional Foods and Bioactive Compounds, Agriculture, Food Science and Safety, Additional Global Nutritional The main goal was to offer a high-level scientific meeting focused on addressing the key aspects of nutrition in a multicultural environment, from state-of-the-art reviews to cutting edge nutritional science information. Sessions are planned to deliver latest investigations and outcomes concerning the impact of nutrition on homeostasis and body metabolism, on dietary intake and nutritional status of the population and the individual for precision nutrition as well on the role of dietary prescriptions in disease management and prevention. Translational research orientated to design and implement strategies and approaches to change dietary behaviors and to develop policies, as well as aspects related to public health issues, Nutrition Education and Climate Change, or Food and Agriculture for Health Maintenance, were included in the program. Eight plenary sessions framed the program with eminent speakers covering all health aspects in the life cycle with integrative views on food security. The present supplement accounts for 1798 abstracts from 97 countries, including the summaries of more than 500 selected guest speakers participating in the scientific symposia.