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The most widely studied model of plasmacytomagenesis is the induction of plasmacytomas by intraperitoneal injections of pure alkanes such as pristane (2.6.10.14-tetramethylpentadecane). The presence of small amounts of genotoxic contaminants, that could contribute to the complex oncogenic process, in commercial pristane preparations has not been completely ruled out. Therefore, we conducted a chemical analysis of different pristane preparations applying a combined GC/MS technique, but were not capable of identifying any obvious or putative genotoxic/cancerogenic contaminants.

For an adequate therapy decision it is necessary to diagnose tumour suspicious findings always as immediately as possible. Bronchological methods and bioptic measurements take the first place in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. With these methods an exact localization of tumour growth in the bronchial system, collection of specimens from the tumour for histological and cytological examinations, and the examination of the bronchial system with regard to the local operability are possible. The bronchological technique using rigid and flexible instruments allows an exact inspection of all bronchial parts down to the bronchi of the 5th generation. With supplementary equipment peripheral tumours are also attainable. The value of bronchological and bioptic methods are critically represented.

A survey is given about the so far known mode of action and the therapeutic application of the following agents with immunostimulatory effects: Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma, Tumor necrosis factor, Thymosin alpha 1, Thymopentin, Splenopentin, Thymulin, Thymostimulin, Muramyl dipeptide, Bestatin, Tuftsin and Levamisole. The treatment of patients suffering from immunodeficiency disorders and cancer with such agents seems to be possible in the near future.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin (Alb.) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), with and without leukaemic infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS). The following indexes: (formula; see text) were calculated and used to express a protein profile of the CSF. This profile was found to be inflammatory-like in 10 children (71%) and normal in 4 (29%). The first two indexes, that reflect a local synthesis of IgG correlated significantly (r = 0.823; p less than 0.001). The follow-up made in five children showed a relationship between clinical course and local IgG synthesis.

The karyotypes of 30 tumors (sarcomas and adenocarcinomas) induced with methylcholanthrene in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus campbelli) have been investigated. In 23 tumors structural changes of the short arm of X-chromosome (Xp+ or Xp = type) were revealed. Non-random rearrangements of 3p, 7q and 8q were also observed. Other structural or numerical changes of the karyotype were accidential. For majority of tumors the presence of chromosome markers with long homogeneously staining regions or double minutes, structures are known as cytological manifestation of gene amplification, was typical. Induced tumors of the Djungarian hamster might serve as an interesting tool for studies of relationship of somatic cell genetic changes to different aspects of chemical carcinogenesis.

In comparison with cis-DDP four new platinum (II) and platinum (IV) complexes were evaluated for their acute nephrotoxic and myelotoxic potency in male rats following i.v. administration of maximum tolerated doses on 5 consecutive days. Parameters for nephrotoxicity determined on day 6, 13 and 22 after the first administration of the drugs included blood, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine volume, urinary glucose and tubule cell excretion. Parameters for myelotoxicity determined on the same days included leucocytes, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Cis-DDP was found to be the most nephrotoxic compound. The myelotoxicity of the new platinum complexes appeared to be similar to that of cis-DDP with exception of trans-ODDP.