This text investigates the twentieth-century scientific memoir genre from the perspective of two of its perhaps most influential contributors, the American Nobel laureates Richard Feynman and James Watson, by using theoretical tools from masculinity studies and the studies of scientific personae. The term ‘the seductive scientist’ is proposed to describe the main innovation to scientific personae that Watson introduces and Feynman perfects: a scientist who is brutally honest, openly seeks joy and fun, and is interested in sexual conquests. To include these topics is deliberately provocative in relation to earlier scientific personae, most importantly ‘the reverential scientist’, aiming for gravitas and depicting the scientific life as revolving around awe. As is shown, however, the seductive scientist, for all its bravado, is actually a persona which only promotes mild, non-disruptive rebellion. Rather than actually challenging the system, it incorporates several aspects of counter-cultural critique against science, showing it to not be pompous, conformist and boring, but rather fun, exciting and full of life. This reconfiguration of self-presentations by scientists, then, strongly influences the scientific memoir as a genre, affecting the ability of scientists to speak in the name of science.
{"title":"The ‘seductive scientist’: the emergence of a new persona centred on virility and joy in twentieth-century scientific memoirs","authors":"Annelie Drakman","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0051","url":null,"abstract":"This text investigates the twentieth-century scientific memoir genre from the perspective of two of its perhaps most influential contributors, the American Nobel laureates Richard Feynman and James Watson, by using theoretical tools from masculinity studies and the studies of scientific personae. The term ‘the seductive scientist’ is proposed to describe the main innovation to scientific personae that Watson introduces and Feynman perfects: a scientist who is brutally honest, openly seeks joy and fun, and is interested in sexual conquests. To include these topics is deliberately provocative in relation to earlier scientific personae, most importantly ‘the reverential scientist’, aiming for gravitas and depicting the scientific life as revolving around awe. As is shown, however, the seductive scientist, for all its bravado, is actually a persona which only promotes mild, non-disruptive rebellion. Rather than actually challenging the system, it incorporates several aspects of counter-cultural critique against science, showing it to not be pompous, conformist and boring, but rather fun, exciting and full of life. This reconfiguration of self-presentations by scientists, then, strongly influences the scientific memoir as a genre, affecting the ability of scientists to speak in the name of science.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90278161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the professional identity-building of Arthur de Carle Sowerby (1885–1954), a China-born explorer of Anglo descent who was a versatile hunter-sportsman aspiring to become a naturalist. Existing work on Sowerby acknowledges his role as the founder of the China Journal of Science and Arts and as president of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in Shanghai; yet his pre-Shanghai life and career prior to 1922 has received scant scholarly attention. Between 1907 and 1922, Sowerby joined several expeditions exploring the terrain and collecting animal specimens in the Manchurian and Sino-Mongolian borderland before taking up residence in Shanghai in 1923 until his departure from China in 1946. Sowerby's zoological expedition in Manchuria is discussed as a backdrop against which his subsequent Shanghai career is portrayed. Sowerby's roles as an explorer and fieldworker have not been subject to independent examination. I argue that the making of Sowerby's naturalist identity reflects a career route for amateur practitioners to build a scientific identity via expeditionary fieldwork, writing natural history for popular audiences and curating biological specimens in early twentieth-century China.
本文考察了阿瑟·德卡尔·索尔比(Arthur de Carle Sowerby, 1885-1954)的职业认同建设。索尔比是一位出生于中国的盎格鲁裔探险家，他是一位多才多艺的狩猎运动员，立志成为一名博物学家。关于索尔比的现有工作承认他是《中国科学与艺术杂志》的创始人，也是上海皇家亚洲学会华北分会主席;然而，他在1922年之前的上海生活和职业生涯却很少受到学术界的关注。1907年至1922年间，索尔比参加了几次探险，在满洲和中蒙边境探索地形，收集动物标本，1923年在上海定居，直到1946年离开中国。索尔比在满洲的动物探险作为他后来在上海的职业生涯的背景进行了讨论。索尔比作为一名探险家和实地工作者的角色没有受到独立的审查。我认为，索尔比博物学家身份的形成反映了业余从业者的职业路线，即通过探险实地考察、为大众撰写自然历史以及在20世纪初的中国管理生物标本来建立科学身份。
{"title":"The making of a naturalist in Manchuria: Arthur de Carle Sowerby, 1885–1922","authors":"Christine Y. L. Luk","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0028","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the professional identity-building of Arthur de Carle Sowerby (1885–1954), a China-born explorer of Anglo descent who was a versatile hunter-sportsman aspiring to become a naturalist. Existing work on Sowerby acknowledges his role as the founder of the China Journal of Science and Arts and as president of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in Shanghai; yet his pre-Shanghai life and career prior to 1922 has received scant scholarly attention. Between 1907 and 1922, Sowerby joined several expeditions exploring the terrain and collecting animal specimens in the Manchurian and Sino-Mongolian borderland before taking up residence in Shanghai in 1923 until his departure from China in 1946. Sowerby's zoological expedition in Manchuria is discussed as a backdrop against which his subsequent Shanghai career is portrayed. Sowerby's roles as an explorer and fieldworker have not been subject to independent examination. I argue that the making of Sowerby's naturalist identity reflects a career route for amateur practitioners to build a scientific identity via expeditionary fieldwork, writing natural history for popular audiences and curating biological specimens in early twentieth-century China.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89086733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sociedade Real Marítima, Militar e Geográfica (Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society) was a scientific institution founded in Portugal by the Minister of the Navy, Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, in the late eighteenth century. Its advent was contemporary with the rise of hydrographic institutes in several European maritime powers. However, the Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society differed from the specialization of those institutions, being deeply involved in determining longitudes and producing good precision hydrographic cartography. Conceived as a multidisciplinary institute gathering scientific and technical knowledge and focusing on overseas and metropolitan territories, it had an intense activity, resulting in a scientific production (unfortunately largely lost) in tune with its foreign counterparts. However, and unlike other European hydrographic institutes, this Portuguese institute had an ephemeral existence.
Sociedade Real Marítima, Militar e Geográfica(皇家海事、军事和地理学会)是由海军部长Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho于18世纪末在葡萄牙成立的一个科学机构。它的出现与几个欧洲海洋强国的水文研究所的兴起是同时代的。然而，皇家海事、军事和地理学会不同于这些机构的专业化，它深入参与确定经度和制作高精度的水文制图。作为一个多学科的研究所，它汇集了科学和技术知识，并专注于海外和大都市地区，它的活动非常激烈，导致了与外国同行一致的科学生产(不幸的是，大部分都丢失了)。然而，与其他欧洲水文研究所不同，这个葡萄牙研究所的存在是短暂的。
{"title":"Making science for the Portuguese Empire: The Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society (1798–1809)","authors":"Carlos Moura Martins, F. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The Sociedade Real Marítima, Militar e Geográfica (Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society) was a scientific institution founded in Portugal by the Minister of the Navy, Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, in the late eighteenth century. Its advent was contemporary with the rise of hydrographic institutes in several European maritime powers. However, the Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society differed from the specialization of those institutions, being deeply involved in determining longitudes and producing good precision hydrographic cartography. Conceived as a multidisciplinary institute gathering scientific and technical knowledge and focusing on overseas and metropolitan territories, it had an intense activity, resulting in a scientific production (unfortunately largely lost) in tune with its foreign counterparts. However, and unlike other European hydrographic institutes, this Portuguese institute had an ephemeral existence.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that Robert Whytt's concepts of ‘particular’ and ‘general sympathy’ in animate bodies are homologous with a less-discussed concept of sympathy in David Hume. There are at least three different concepts of sympathy in Hume's Treatise of human nature. Hume is rather critical of alleged sympathies between different bodies, but he elaborates a much-discussed theory of sympathy explaining the interpersonal exchange of sentiments. He invokes a third concept to designate the phenomenon of mutual responsiveness between, and coordination for a common end among, the parts of the mind while suggesting that the mind's unity and identity is of the same kind as the unity of organized living bodies. Without deploying this concept explicitly, he speaks a remarkably identical language while discussing social coordination and convention. This third concept is congruent with the physiological sympathies that Whytt finds in animate bodies. According to the unfolding picture, Whytt and Hume provide conceptually highly integrated accounts of living bodies, minds, and societies inspired by an idea of vital matter.
{"title":"Sympathetic Organizations: body, mind, and society in Robert Whytt and David Hume","authors":"T. Demeter","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that Robert Whytt's concepts of ‘particular’ and ‘general sympathy’ in animate bodies are homologous with a less-discussed concept of sympathy in David Hume. There are at least three different concepts of sympathy in Hume's Treatise of human nature. Hume is rather critical of alleged sympathies between different bodies, but he elaborates a much-discussed theory of sympathy explaining the interpersonal exchange of sentiments. He invokes a third concept to designate the phenomenon of mutual responsiveness between, and coordination for a common end among, the parts of the mind while suggesting that the mind's unity and identity is of the same kind as the unity of organized living bodies. Without deploying this concept explicitly, he speaks a remarkably identical language while discussing social coordination and convention. This third concept is congruent with the physiological sympathies that Whytt finds in animate bodies. According to the unfolding picture, Whytt and Hume provide conceptually highly integrated accounts of living bodies, minds, and societies inspired by an idea of vital matter.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the activities of those British travellers and settlers who carried out open field research in the Andean northwest of Río de la Plata during the 1820s. The focus is set upon Doctor Joseph Redhead, who became a regional expert on questions of mountain altitudes and natural portents such as giant fossil bones and large masses of native iron. Redhead was at the centre of a network of British doctors, entrepreneurs, adventurers and civil servants who crisscrossed the territory attracted by new mining ventures and the opening of trade, and driven by the need for geographical surveys implicit in the logic of empire. James Paroissien, Woodbine Parish, Joseph Pentland and others managed to combine research on the natural environment while engaged in their commercial, diplomatic or military missions. Particular attention is paid to the interactions of Redhead and his fellow countrymen with Humboldt and the kind of science cultivated by him, as well as to issues of scientific authority at the time of deciding on the cause of unexplained natural phenomena.
本文探讨了19世纪20年代在Río de la Plata的安第斯山脉西北部进行野外考察的英国旅行者和定居者的活动。重点放在约瑟夫·雷德黑德博士身上，他成为了研究高山海拔和自然预兆(如巨大的化石骨骼和大量的天然铁)问题的地区专家。红头是一个由英国医生、企业家、冒险家和公务员组成的网络的中心，他们在新的矿业企业和贸易开放的吸引下，在帝国逻辑中隐含的地理调查需求的推动下，在这片领土上纵横交错。詹姆斯·帕罗西森、伍德拜·帕里什、约瑟夫·彭特兰等人在从事商业、外交或军事任务的同时，成功地将对自然环境的研究结合起来。书中特别关注了红头和他的同胞们与洪堡的互动，以及他所培养的那种科学，以及在决定无法解释的自然现象的原因时的科学权威问题。
{"title":"Redhead, Paroissien, Parish & Co.: British Field Science in early Independent Río de la Plata","authors":"M. de Asúa","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the activities of those British travellers and settlers who carried out open field research in the Andean northwest of Río de la Plata during the 1820s. The focus is set upon Doctor Joseph Redhead, who became a regional expert on questions of mountain altitudes and natural portents such as giant fossil bones and large masses of native iron. Redhead was at the centre of a network of British doctors, entrepreneurs, adventurers and civil servants who crisscrossed the territory attracted by new mining ventures and the opening of trade, and driven by the need for geographical surveys implicit in the logic of empire. James Paroissien, Woodbine Parish, Joseph Pentland and others managed to combine research on the natural environment while engaged in their commercial, diplomatic or military missions. Particular attention is paid to the interactions of Redhead and his fellow countrymen with Humboldt and the kind of science cultivated by him, as well as to issues of scientific authority at the time of deciding on the cause of unexplained natural phenomena.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77789799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The life of matter: early modern vital matter theories introduction","authors":"C. Wolfe","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0049","url":null,"abstract":"‘ Matter","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a comprehensive study of Thomas Willis' chemistry and matter theory. Willis' medical and chemical views rest on the assumption that matter is both active and endowed with life. He resorted to chemical principles, which he interpreted in corpuscular terms, to account for physiological processes, including those occurring in the brain and in the nervous system. He combined anatomical research with the chemical investigation of organic fluids, giving a central role to spirits, which he saw as active particles of matter. Willis deployed analogies between chemical apparatuses (and processes) and physiological phenomena, as attested by his study of the brain and of the nervous system. He saw muscular motion, sensation and imagination as the result of chemical reactions triggered by animal spirits, i.e. by volatile and active corpuscles generated by the distillation of blood in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, he posited that elementary forms of reasoning are reducible to matter, namely to the activity of animal spirits.
{"title":"Thomas Willis' iatrochemistry and the activity of matter","authors":"A. Clericuzio","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comprehensive study of Thomas Willis' chemistry and matter theory. Willis' medical and chemical views rest on the assumption that matter is both active and endowed with life. He resorted to chemical principles, which he interpreted in corpuscular terms, to account for physiological processes, including those occurring in the brain and in the nervous system. He combined anatomical research with the chemical investigation of organic fluids, giving a central role to spirits, which he saw as active particles of matter. Willis deployed analogies between chemical apparatuses (and processes) and physiological phenomena, as attested by his study of the brain and of the nervous system. He saw muscular motion, sensation and imagination as the result of chemical reactions triggered by animal spirits, i.e. by volatile and active corpuscles generated by the distillation of blood in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, he posited that elementary forms of reasoning are reducible to matter, namely to the activity of animal spirits.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83699509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that Margaret Cavendish is a metaphysical deflationist about life. That is, it claims that, in Cavendish's mature philosophy, life is no metaphysical kind. From this it also follows that claims about matter being alive play no role in Cavendish's (natural) philosophy. On my reading, living is identical with (natural) being, Cavendish has no problem of life, and the label of vitalism is explanatorily vacuous as applied to her philosophy.
{"title":"Cavendish on life","authors":"Laura Georgescu","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that Margaret Cavendish is a metaphysical deflationist about life. That is, it claims that, in Cavendish's mature philosophy, life is no metaphysical kind. From this it also follows that claims about matter being alive play no role in Cavendish's (natural) philosophy. On my reading, living is identical with (natural) being, Cavendish has no problem of life, and the label of vitalism is explanatorily vacuous as applied to her philosophy.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86461343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maverick American chemist Russell Earl Marker (1902–1995) is known for his studies on the fragmentation of organic mercury compounds, establishing the concept of the octane number, investigating the rearrangements of hydrocarbons and exploring the relationship between optical rotation and the configuration of organic compounds. His greatest achievement, however, is the elaboration of seminal isolation and synthetic methods of an important class of natural products that helped found a new industry, based on the pharmaceutical chemistry of steroids. The nomadic life of this extraordinary man demonstrates that the enormous obstacles thwarting the progress of science and technology can be surmounted by serendipity, acumen and devotion. However, his premature retirement from chemistry is a warning sign that every scientist is vulnerable and even the toughest man's perseverance can fade if the conditions worsen.
{"title":"The campfire stories of Russell Marker, a pioneer of chemistry","authors":"L. Kovács","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The maverick American chemist Russell Earl Marker (1902–1995) is known for his studies on the fragmentation of organic mercury compounds, establishing the concept of the octane number, investigating the rearrangements of hydrocarbons and exploring the relationship between optical rotation and the configuration of organic compounds. His greatest achievement, however, is the elaboration of seminal isolation and synthetic methods of an important class of natural products that helped found a new industry, based on the pharmaceutical chemistry of steroids. The nomadic life of this extraordinary man demonstrates that the enormous obstacles thwarting the progress of science and technology can be surmounted by serendipity, acumen and devotion. However, his premature retirement from chemistry is a warning sign that every scientist is vulnerable and even the toughest man's perseverance can fade if the conditions worsen.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81467210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar eclipse expeditions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries led to new scientific knowledge that is often credited to prominent male scientists such as Einstein and Eddington. Results generated by named individuals nonetheless depended on the collective effort of scientific administrators, government functionaries, manual labourers, domestic assistants, naval crew members and others. Much substantive work, essential to the success of the scientific ventures, was often done by people local to the observing stations. This paper focuses on British solar eclipse expeditions in 1889 and 1919 to highlight ways in which contributions of women and of people in colonized lands have been underrecognized by the expeditioners and in subsequent narratives about them.
{"title":"Eclipsed by history: underrecognized contributions to early British solar eclipse expeditions","authors":"Joelle Beckles, Deborah A. Kent","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Solar eclipse expeditions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries led to new scientific knowledge that is often credited to prominent male scientists such as Einstein and Eddington. Results generated by named individuals nonetheless depended on the collective effort of scientific administrators, government functionaries, manual labourers, domestic assistants, naval crew members and others. Much substantive work, essential to the success of the scientific ventures, was often done by people local to the observing stations. This paper focuses on British solar eclipse expeditions in 1889 and 1919 to highlight ways in which contributions of women and of people in colonized lands have been underrecognized by the expeditioners and in subsequent narratives about them.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77194874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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