This article investigates the scientific performance and impact of Jewish and politically oppositional émigré German-speaking neurophysiologists from Nazi-occupied Europe since the 1930s. The massive loss of nearly 30% of all academic psychiatrists and neurologists in Germany between 1933 and 1945 also shattered the basis of German-speaking neuroscientific research. A focus will be laid here on the contingency of situated knowledge economies in Central Europe, the UK and North America, as well as their roles in the formation of international cultures of scientific excellence in the forced migration process. While examining excellent émigré laboratory research, the intriguing biographies of three Nobel Prize-winning neurophysiologists––Otto Loewi (1873–1961; from Germany/Austria to the USA), Bernard Katz (1911–2003; from Germany to the UK) and Eric Kandel (b. 1929; from Austria to the USA)—can tell us considerably more about the appraisal of medico-scientific knowledge through an epistemic lens representing world history along explicit regional knowledge economies. This article examines some of the more intricate scientific practices and professional patterns of determining academic excellence related to situated knowledge communities in the contemporary brain sciences.
{"title":"Émigré neurophysiologists' situated knowledge economies and their roles in forming international cultures of scientific excellence","authors":"F. Stahnisch","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0049","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the scientific performance and impact of Jewish and politically oppositional émigré German-speaking neurophysiologists from Nazi-occupied Europe since the 1930s. The massive loss of nearly 30% of all academic psychiatrists and neurologists in Germany between 1933 and 1945 also shattered the basis of German-speaking neuroscientific research. A focus will be laid here on the contingency of situated knowledge economies in Central Europe, the UK and North America, as well as their roles in the formation of international cultures of scientific excellence in the forced migration process. While examining excellent émigré laboratory research, the intriguing biographies of three Nobel Prize-winning neurophysiologists––Otto Loewi (1873–1961; from Germany/Austria to the USA), Bernard Katz (1911–2003; from Germany to the UK) and Eric Kandel (b. 1929; from Austria to the USA)—can tell us considerably more about the appraisal of medico-scientific knowledge through an epistemic lens representing world history along explicit regional knowledge economies. This article examines some of the more intricate scientific practices and professional patterns of determining academic excellence related to situated knowledge communities in the contemporary brain sciences.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74694231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centre d’Archives en Philosophie, Histoire et Édition des Sciences (CAPHÉS), École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France University of Heidelberg Center of European Historical and Cultural Studies—History of Medicine, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf—Medical Faculty—Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany University of Oxford—History of Science Museum, Oxford, UK
{"title":"European academies and the Great War: an inter-academy initiative, 2014–2021","authors":"C. Debru, Wolfgang U. Eckart, H. Fangerau, R. Fox","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Centre d’Archives en Philosophie, Histoire et Édition des Sciences (CAPHÉS), École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France University of Heidelberg Center of European Historical and Cultural Studies—History of Medicine, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf—Medical Faculty—Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany University of Oxford—History of Science Museum, Oxford, UK","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85010650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project illustrates as-yet-uncharted psychiatric patients from the Royal Edinburgh Asylum (REA) around the time of World War I, predominantly ‘shell-shocked’ soldiers. Primary patient notes help to elucidate definitions, symptoms and perceptions of ‘shell-shock’, in addition to its links with other psychiatric conditions. This includes general paralysis of the insane (GPI), alcohol excess, mania and melancholia. Whereas the majority of these patients were suffering from shell-shock, it is not once explicitly listed as a diagnosis; it was a term whose use was discouraged by the War Office and key medical experts from 1916 onwards. As such, this paper demonstrates effects that canonical views held by the War Office and military psychiatrists on shell-shock aetiology had on language used in psychiatric patient notes. The results corroborate wartime views that mental distress due to a physical head injury was preferable to shell-shock without obvious cause; that neurasthenia was a more desirable diagnostic label than hysteria; and that mental illness was predominantly due to an inherited flaw in someone's character. Language used by psychiatrists to describe their patients was influenced by contemporary perspectives on gender, class and mental illness. More broadly, this paper adds to discussions about definitions and symptomatology of shell-shock that are being uncovered in historical patient notes from this period.
{"title":"Hysteria, head injuries and heredity: ‘shell-shocked’ soldiers of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, Edinburgh (1914–24)","authors":"Joanna Park, Louise Neilson, A. Demetriades","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0057","url":null,"abstract":"This project illustrates as-yet-uncharted psychiatric patients from the Royal Edinburgh Asylum (REA) around the time of World War I, predominantly ‘shell-shocked’ soldiers. Primary patient notes help to elucidate definitions, symptoms and perceptions of ‘shell-shock’, in addition to its links with other psychiatric conditions. This includes general paralysis of the insane (GPI), alcohol excess, mania and melancholia. Whereas the majority of these patients were suffering from shell-shock, it is not once explicitly listed as a diagnosis; it was a term whose use was discouraged by the War Office and key medical experts from 1916 onwards. As such, this paper demonstrates effects that canonical views held by the War Office and military psychiatrists on shell-shock aetiology had on language used in psychiatric patient notes. The results corroborate wartime views that mental distress due to a physical head injury was preferable to shell-shock without obvious cause; that neurasthenia was a more desirable diagnostic label than hysteria; and that mental illness was predominantly due to an inherited flaw in someone's character. Language used by psychiatrists to describe their patients was influenced by contemporary perspectives on gender, class and mental illness. More broadly, this paper adds to discussions about definitions and symptomatology of shell-shock that are being uncovered in historical patient notes from this period.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89198310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study of the history of brain injury, I take up the discursive study of medical cases as a genre for the purposes of illustrating clinically important, philosophically meaningful and socially pertinent elements of medical patients’ lives. My objective is to assert the value of single cases, which derives from the way they allow others insight into significant and otherwise often overlooked elements of personal, social and future experience that speak to the harm from such injuries. Drawing on examples of brain damage recorded in clinical literature, textbooks, legal documents and popular books published over the last two centuries, I contrast the power of those texts’ single cases with qualifications and equivocations about the status of such evidence as it emerges in clinical practice and courtroom settings. I argue that single cases illustrate loss, redemption, context and narrative in ways that cannot be dismissed as merely anecdotal and that they point the way towards clinical discovery and patient survival.
{"title":"The anecdotal patient: brain injury and the magnitude of harm","authors":"S. Casper","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"In this study of the history of brain injury, I take up the discursive study of medical cases as a genre for the purposes of illustrating clinically important, philosophically meaningful and socially pertinent elements of medical patients’ lives. My objective is to assert the value of single cases, which derives from the way they allow others insight into significant and otherwise often overlooked elements of personal, social and future experience that speak to the harm from such injuries. Drawing on examples of brain damage recorded in clinical literature, textbooks, legal documents and popular books published over the last two centuries, I contrast the power of those texts’ single cases with qualifications and equivocations about the status of such evidence as it emerges in clinical practice and courtroom settings. I argue that single cases illustrate loss, redemption, context and narrative in ways that cannot be dismissed as merely anecdotal and that they point the way towards clinical discovery and patient survival.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84172624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarship on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and her involvement in the introduction of smallpox inoculation into 1720s English society generally concurs that, were it not for Montagu, inoculation might never, or would have taken significantly longer to, come about. This article argues that whilst Montagu can take the credit for popularizing the notion of inoculating against smallpox, it was not the method she personally introduced that ended up becoming general practice. Her ‘Turkish’ technique was shunned, not just by the male medical elite, but by those in her female network. For whilst they were evidently convinced by the idea of inoculation, they were not prepared to apply her foreign method, which strayed so considerably outside the bounds of what made sense to them intellectually and morally. Sanctioning a version of inoculation that adhered to the tenets of humoral medicine, they effectively advanced an ‘English’ version of it. These findings not only nuance the true nature of Montagu's contribution to the introduction of smallpox inoculation, but also reveal the extent to which its success depended upon the knowledge, experience and say-so of the female circle who first adopted it.
{"title":"‘A thankless enterprise’: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's campaign to establish medical unorthodoxy amongst her female network","authors":"Helen Esfandiary","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and her involvement in the introduction of smallpox inoculation into 1720s English society generally concurs that, were it not for Montagu, inoculation might never, or would have taken significantly longer to, come about. This article argues that whilst Montagu can take the credit for popularizing the notion of inoculating against smallpox, it was not the method she personally introduced that ended up becoming general practice. Her ‘Turkish’ technique was shunned, not just by the male medical elite, but by those in her female network. For whilst they were evidently convinced by the idea of inoculation, they were not prepared to apply her foreign method, which strayed so considerably outside the bounds of what made sense to them intellectually and morally. Sanctioning a version of inoculation that adhered to the tenets of humoral medicine, they effectively advanced an ‘English’ version of it. These findings not only nuance the true nature of Montagu's contribution to the introduction of smallpox inoculation, but also reveal the extent to which its success depended upon the knowledge, experience and say-so of the female circle who first adopted it.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87202135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ample number of studies have shown that during the late eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, botany attracted the attention and involvement of women not only as readers of literature on the subject but also as participants in botanical activities and as authors. However, women are still largely absent from the historiography of Portuguese botany in this period. This article contributes to filling this gap by focusing on the translation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Letters on the elements of botany (1800) by the Marquise of Alorna (1750–1839) and her long poem Botanical recreations (1844). It addresses the issue of women's participation in science and looks not only at the importance of gender but also genre and social status in the dissemination of botany in Portugal. This article shows that in the period, the cultivation of science by women was associated with the upper classes while exchanges within circles of sociability through salons offered them an alternative to the public male-centred world of publication.
{"title":"Gender and botany in early nineteenth-century Portugal: the circle of the Marquise of Alorna","authors":"P. Fontes da Costa","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0069","url":null,"abstract":"An ample number of studies have shown that during the late eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, botany attracted the attention and involvement of women not only as readers of literature on the subject but also as participants in botanical activities and as authors. However, women are still largely absent from the historiography of Portuguese botany in this period. This article contributes to filling this gap by focusing on the translation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Letters on the elements of botany (1800) by the Marquise of Alorna (1750–1839) and her long poem Botanical recreations (1844). It addresses the issue of women's participation in science and looks not only at the importance of gender but also genre and social status in the dissemination of botany in Portugal. This article shows that in the period, the cultivation of science by women was associated with the upper classes while exchanges within circles of sociability through salons offered them an alternative to the public male-centred world of publication.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86832175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No person proposed to the early Royal Society has a less certain biography than Giles Rawlins. A ‘Mr. Rawlins’ was proposed as a candidate for election on 26 December 1660 in a group of seven. The other members of this group were Robert Boyle, Henry Oldenburg, John Denham, Elias Ashmole, John Evelyn and Nathaniel Henshaw. But whereas these six other men are greater or lesser luminaries of the Society, Rawlins is a blank. R. E. W. Maddison in 1960 could only ‘suggest’ his likely identity; and Michael Hunter in The Royal Society and its Fellows (1982 and 1994) went no further than Maddison.1 Following my discovery in the National Library of Ireland of Rawlins's only autograph letter, it is possible for the first time to confirm his identity. Further, this discovery allows the reconstruction of the rest of Rawlins's life: his upbringing as the son of a minor diplomat; his work in the Interregnum as a cross-Channel royalist messenger; his consequent rise and reward in the Duke of York's household; and his death in one of the most notorious duels of the Restoration.
{"title":"‘A man of intrigue’: Giles Rawlins, 1631?–1662","authors":"Benjamin Lomas","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0065","url":null,"abstract":"No person proposed to the early Royal Society has a less certain biography than Giles Rawlins. A ‘Mr. Rawlins’ was proposed as a candidate for election on 26 December 1660 in a group of seven. The other members of this group were Robert Boyle, Henry Oldenburg, John Denham, Elias Ashmole, John Evelyn and Nathaniel Henshaw. But whereas these six other men are greater or lesser luminaries of the Society, Rawlins is a blank. R. E. W. Maddison in 1960 could only ‘suggest’ his likely identity; and Michael Hunter in The Royal Society and its Fellows (1982 and 1994) went no further than Maddison.1 Following my discovery in the National Library of Ireland of Rawlins's only autograph letter, it is possible for the first time to confirm his identity. Further, this discovery allows the reconstruction of the rest of Rawlins's life: his upbringing as the son of a minor diplomat; his work in the Interregnum as a cross-Channel royalist messenger; his consequent rise and reward in the Duke of York's household; and his death in one of the most notorious duels of the Restoration.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75712305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article uses the records at the Royal Mint to explore how Isaac Newton worked with metal beyond his alchemical and natural philosophical pursuits. It demonstrates how institutional paperwork can be used to think in new ways about the management of working resources as well as the relationship of material and mental practices across the linked urban worlds of state, science and finance. It reveals how Newton negotiated artisanal and administrative skills through a learned ‘practical objectivity’, unable to rely wholly upon his scientific reputation or mathematical ability when working with men and metals within a government department. Finally, it illuminates how Newton's activities at the Mint intersected and influenced a growing interest in the pursuit of scholarly antiquarianism as well as commercial geology, mining, metallurgy and metrology in the early eighteenth century.
{"title":"The science of money: Isaac Newton's mastering of the Mint","authors":"A. Marples","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0033","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the records at the Royal Mint to explore how Isaac Newton worked with metal beyond his alchemical and natural philosophical pursuits. It demonstrates how institutional paperwork can be used to think in new ways about the management of working resources as well as the relationship of material and mental practices across the linked urban worlds of state, science and finance. It reveals how Newton negotiated artisanal and administrative skills through a learned ‘practical objectivity’, unable to rely wholly upon his scientific reputation or mathematical ability when working with men and metals within a government department. Finally, it illuminates how Newton's activities at the Mint intersected and influenced a growing interest in the pursuit of scholarly antiquarianism as well as commercial geology, mining, metallurgy and metrology in the early eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76547812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When an unknown sea creature was washed ashore on the Orkney Islands in September 1808, the Edinburgh anatomist John Barclay declared that this was the first solid scientific evidence for the existence of the ‘great sea snake’. The testimony of witnesses along with some of its preserved body parts were examined by both the Wernerian Natural History Society in Edinburgh and the surgeon and anatomist Everard Home in London. Contradicting Barclay's opinion, Home identified the creature as a decomposing basking shark. While Barclay took the testimony of the local witnesses largely on trust and accepted their interpretation of the Beast, Home discounted it and instead asserted his own expert authority to correctly interpret the evidence. Both made use of the preserved physical remains of parts of the creature in strikingly different ways: Barclay to support the accounts of the witnesses, Home to undermine them. The debate between the two anatomists has much to tell us about the uses of evidence and testimony in early nineteenth-century natural history, but also has broader resonances for the roles of evidence and authority in science that still remain relevant today.
{"title":"The ‘Stronsay Beast’: testimony, evidence and authority in early early nineteenth-century natural history","authors":"Bill Jenkins","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0050","url":null,"abstract":"When an unknown sea creature was washed ashore on the Orkney Islands in September 1808, the Edinburgh anatomist John Barclay declared that this was the first solid scientific evidence for the existence of the ‘great sea snake’. The testimony of witnesses along with some of its preserved body parts were examined by both the Wernerian Natural History Society in Edinburgh and the surgeon and anatomist Everard Home in London. Contradicting Barclay's opinion, Home identified the creature as a decomposing basking shark. While Barclay took the testimony of the local witnesses largely on trust and accepted their interpretation of the Beast, Home discounted it and instead asserted his own expert authority to correctly interpret the evidence. Both made use of the preserved physical remains of parts of the creature in strikingly different ways: Barclay to support the accounts of the witnesses, Home to undermine them. The debate between the two anatomists has much to tell us about the uses of evidence and testimony in early nineteenth-century natural history, but also has broader resonances for the roles of evidence and authority in science that still remain relevant today.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the introduction to this issue of Notes and Records, I discuss key arguments of each of the essays and draw links between them. This volume is a rendering of both theory and practice in the history and narrative of neurology, facial difference, autism, face blindness and traumatic brain injury. The essays offer deep analytic insights but also a provocation: how do we frame individual cases and lived experience in the literature of neurodiversity? The scholarly essays offered by Stephen Caspar and Jonathan Cole theorize the role of the individual and the anecdotal as valuable both in framing empathy and diagnostic relationships and as a particular and often overlooked form of data. We see the manifestation of these theoretical arguments in Chloe Silverman's article, which draws our attention to the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, a widely used instrument in autism research. Accompanying these pieces are two interventions of creative non-fiction: Heather Sellers's essay on discovering her own prosopagnosia, and Jenny Edkins's poem on living with and being face blind. These pieces manifest the theoretical and grounded work of this volume, arguing in powerful ways for the individual story and sharing it here.
{"title":"Introduction: theorizing and applying the meaningfully anecdotal patient in neurodiversity research","authors":"Sharrona Pearl","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2021.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0083","url":null,"abstract":"In the introduction to this issue of Notes and Records, I discuss key arguments of each of the essays and draw links between them. This volume is a rendering of both theory and practice in the history and narrative of neurology, facial difference, autism, face blindness and traumatic brain injury. The essays offer deep analytic insights but also a provocation: how do we frame individual cases and lived experience in the literature of neurodiversity? The scholarly essays offered by Stephen Caspar and Jonathan Cole theorize the role of the individual and the anecdotal as valuable both in framing empathy and diagnostic relationships and as a particular and often overlooked form of data. We see the manifestation of these theoretical arguments in Chloe Silverman's article, which draws our attention to the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, a widely used instrument in autism research. Accompanying these pieces are two interventions of creative non-fiction: Heather Sellers's essay on discovering her own prosopagnosia, and Jenny Edkins's poem on living with and being face blind. These pieces manifest the theoretical and grounded work of this volume, arguing in powerful ways for the individual story and sharing it here.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75581711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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