It is widely believed that a little flexibility added at the right place can reap significant benefits for operations. Unfortunately, despite the extensive literature on this topic, we are not aware of any general methodology that can be used to guide managers in designing sparse (i.e., slightly flexible) and yet efficient operations. We address this issue using a distributionally robust approach to model the performance of a stochastic system under different process structures. We use the dual prices obtained from a related conic program to guide managers in the design process. This leads to a general solution methodology for the construction of efficient sparse structures for several classes of operational problems. Our approach can be used to design simple yet efficient structures for workforce deployment and for any level of sparsity requirement, to respond to deviations and disruptions in the operational environment. Furthermore, in the case of the classical process flexibility problem, our methodolo...
{"title":"On the Design of Sparse But Efficient Structures in Operations","authors":"Zhenzhen Yan, S. Y. Gao, C. Teo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2899008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2899008","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely believed that a little flexibility added at the right place can reap significant benefits for operations. Unfortunately, despite the extensive literature on this topic, we are not aware of any general methodology that can be used to guide managers in designing sparse (i.e., slightly flexible) and yet efficient operations. We address this issue using a distributionally robust approach to model the performance of a stochastic system under different process structures. We use the dual prices obtained from a related conic program to guide managers in the design process. This leads to a general solution methodology for the construction of efficient sparse structures for several classes of operational problems. Our approach can be used to design simple yet efficient structures for workforce deployment and for any level of sparsity requirement, to respond to deviations and disruptions in the operational environment. Furthermore, in the case of the classical process flexibility problem, our methodolo...","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75088973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer, where the supplier uses a simple and easily implementable incentive scheme - making a side payment - to influence the retailer’s ordering plan. The supplier makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer to the retailer in the form of a menu of contracts, each consisting of a procurement plan plus a side payment. The retailer, who possesses private information about customer demand and his cost parameters, either accepts one of the contracts or imposes his own optimal plan. We formulate the supplier’s problem of designing optimal contracts with the realistic assumption that the retailer’s outside option depends on his private information. Taking into account the retailer’s reaction to the proposed offer, the supplier faces a nested (bi-level) optimization problem, which we transform into a single-level mixed integer programming formulation. In our analysis, we use a network interpretation for the set of incentive constraints and show some properties of optimal contracts. This enables us to considerably reduce the number of incentive constraints and to find optimal values of the side payment quantities. Our findings regarding the possible behavior of the opportunistic retailer deviate from those of previous studies as a result of considering more realistic assumptions.
{"title":"Designing Multi-Period Supply Contracts in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain Asymmetric Information","authors":"Z. Mobini, Wilco van den Heuvel, A. Wagelmans","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2862652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2862652","url":null,"abstract":"We study a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer, where the supplier uses a simple and easily implementable incentive scheme - making a side payment - to influence the retailer’s ordering plan. The supplier makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer to the retailer in the form of a menu of contracts, each consisting of a procurement plan plus a side payment. The retailer, who possesses private information about customer demand and his cost parameters, either accepts one of the contracts or imposes his own optimal plan. We formulate the supplier’s problem of designing optimal contracts with the realistic assumption that the retailer’s outside option depends on his private information. Taking into account the retailer’s reaction to the proposed offer, the supplier faces a nested (bi-level) optimization problem, which we transform into a single-level mixed integer programming formulation. In our analysis, we use a network interpretation for the set of incentive constraints and show some properties of optimal contracts. This enables us to considerably reduce the number of incentive constraints and to find optimal values of the side payment quantities. Our findings regarding the possible behavior of the opportunistic retailer deviate from those of previous studies as a result of considering more realistic assumptions.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72658302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2016.81308
O. Pihnastyi
A method of constructing a system of multi-moment balance equations, based on the statistical description of a production system is proposed. The need for research is determined by current trends in the development of production systems. The system of equations, which simulates the behavior of the production line for the transient conditions is obtained. It is shown that the resulting balance equations are not closed. The methods of closure of the self-linking chain of balance equations: the small-parameter method and the method of setting the equations of states for higher-order moments are considered. The known models using various methods of closure of the system of equations are analyzed. The model of the production line for the assembly-line production method is considered. The limitations and constraint equations, which enable the transition to single-moment PDE model of description of the assembly line and two-moment PDE model of the production line using the Burgers' equation are shown. The model of the production line for the company with the flow production method is considered. One-, two- and three-moment systems of equations for the two-level model of the production line are obtained. A general system of balance equations for the flow parameters of the production line is constructed.
{"title":"Statistical Validity and Derivation of Balance Equations for the Two-Level Model of a Production Line","authors":"O. Pihnastyi","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2016.81308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2016.81308","url":null,"abstract":"A method of constructing a system of multi-moment balance equations, based on the statistical description of a production system is proposed. The need for research is determined by current trends in the development of production systems. The system of equations, which simulates the behavior of the production line for the transient conditions is obtained. It is shown that the resulting balance equations are not closed. The methods of closure of the self-linking chain of balance equations: the small-parameter method and the method of setting the equations of states for higher-order moments are considered. The known models using various methods of closure of the system of equations are analyzed. The model of the production line for the assembly-line production method is considered. The limitations and constraint equations, which enable the transition to single-moment PDE model of description of the assembly line and two-moment PDE model of the production line using the Burgers' equation are shown. The model of the production line for the company with the flow production method is considered. One-, two- and three-moment systems of equations for the two-level model of the production line are obtained. A general system of balance equations for the flow parameters of the production line is constructed.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84849579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problem definition: Reference prices arise as price expectations against which consumers evaluate products in their purchase scenarios. We investigate what will happen when prospect theory (e.g., reference prices) meets consumer choice models from the perspectives of both the consumers and the firm. Academic/practical relevance: Consumers see multiple relevant products on a particular purchase occasion and often compare their prices to form the willingness to pay when considering whether to purchase a particular product. Reference prices, which are not included in many choice models, may impact consumer choice behavior, so we incorporate reference prices into consumer choice models and investigate the operations management problems. Methodology: We take the widely used multinomial logit model as a showcase to examine the effects of reference prices through analytical and empirical study. We consider the optimization problems on assortment planning and pricing under consumer choice models with a variety of...
{"title":"When Prospect Theory Meets Consumer Choice Models: Assortment and Pricing Management with Reference Prices","authors":"Ruxian Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2819600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2819600","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Reference prices arise as price expectations against which consumers evaluate products in their purchase scenarios. We investigate what will happen when prospect theory (e.g., reference prices) meets consumer choice models from the perspectives of both the consumers and the firm. Academic/practical relevance: Consumers see multiple relevant products on a particular purchase occasion and often compare their prices to form the willingness to pay when considering whether to purchase a particular product. Reference prices, which are not included in many choice models, may impact consumer choice behavior, so we incorporate reference prices into consumer choice models and investigate the operations management problems. Methodology: We take the widely used multinomial logit model as a showcase to examine the effects of reference prices through analytical and empirical study. We consider the optimization problems on assortment planning and pricing under consumer choice models with a variety of...","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78306701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the relationship between contract manufacturing and quality risk — a term defined as the propensity of a manufacturing plant to operate out of compliance with required procedures. Contract manufacturing plants (hereafter, CM) are increasingly being used in many industrial sectors. While CMs have been anecdotally blamed for many recalls and other outgoing product quality failures, there is a neither a strong coherent theory in operations and supply chain management nor empirical evidence that considers whether and when CMs pose a differential quality risk in contrast to internal plants (IPs). By definition, CMs produce products to another firm’s specifications, whereas IPs make products to their own firm’s specifications. This basic difference between CMs and IPs potentially leads to systemic dissimilarities in their operational contexts. Drawing upon these contextual dissimilarities, we posit that, on average, CMs will operate with higher quality risk than IPs. Subsequently, we develop contingencies related to key factors that moderate the relationship between plant type (CM vs. IP) and quality risk. We test our hypotheses using a plant-level measure of process compliance based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection data on a sample of 152 plants classified as drug manufacturers by the FDA. In addition to finding moderate evidence of a first-order difference, we do find evidence that production experience and the intensity of external regulation serve as important contingencies regarding quality risk. We find strong evidence that among plants with low production experience, CMs operate with higher quality risk than IPs, but this difference is mitigated as CMs gain production experience. We also find that increased regulatory intensity seems to influence CMs to reduce quality risk more than it does IPs.
本文研究了合同制造和质量风险之间的关系，质量风险是指制造工厂不遵守规定程序的倾向。合同制造工厂(以下简称CM)越来越多地应用于许多工业部门。虽然CMs因许多召回和其他外向产品质量失败而受到指责，但在运营和供应链管理方面既没有强有力的连贯理论，也没有经验证据来考虑CMs是否以及何时与内部工厂(ip)相比构成不同的质量风险。根据定义，CMs按照另一家公司的规格生产产品，而ip则按照自己公司的规格生产产品。CMs和ip之间的这种基本差异可能导致其操作环境的系统性差异。根据这些背景差异，我们假设，平均而言，CMs将比ip面临更高的质量风险。随后，我们开发了与调节植物类型(CM vs. IP)和质量风险之间关系的关键因素相关的突发事件。我们使用基于食品和药物管理局(FDA)对152家被FDA归类为药品制造商的工厂样本的检查数据的工厂级工艺合规性测量来检验我们的假设。除了发现一阶差异的适度证据外，我们还发现生产经验和外部监管强度是质量风险的重要偶然因素。我们发现强有力的证据表明，在生产经验较低的植物中，CMs的质量风险高于IPs，但随着CMs获得生产经验，这种差异会减轻。我们还发现，监管力度的增加似乎比ip更能影响CMs降低质量风险。
{"title":"Contract Manufacturing and Quality Risk: Theory and Empirical Evidence","authors":"John V. Gray, A. Roth, Brian Tomlin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2815520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2815520","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between contract manufacturing and quality risk — a term defined as the propensity of a manufacturing plant to operate out of compliance with required procedures. Contract manufacturing plants (hereafter, CM) are increasingly being used in many industrial sectors. While CMs have been anecdotally blamed for many recalls and other outgoing product quality failures, there is a neither a strong coherent theory in operations and supply chain management nor empirical evidence that considers whether and when CMs pose a differential quality risk in contrast to internal plants (IPs). By definition, CMs produce products to another firm’s specifications, whereas IPs make products to their own firm’s specifications. This basic difference between CMs and IPs potentially leads to systemic dissimilarities in their operational contexts. Drawing upon these contextual dissimilarities, we posit that, on average, CMs will operate with higher quality risk than IPs. Subsequently, we develop contingencies related to key factors that moderate the relationship between plant type (CM vs. IP) and quality risk. We test our hypotheses using a plant-level measure of process compliance based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection data on a sample of 152 plants classified as drug manufacturers by the FDA. In addition to finding moderate evidence of a first-order difference, we do find evidence that production experience and the intensity of external regulation serve as important contingencies regarding quality risk. We find strong evidence that among plants with low production experience, CMs operate with higher quality risk than IPs, but this difference is mitigated as CMs gain production experience. We also find that increased regulatory intensity seems to influence CMs to reduce quality risk more than it does IPs.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85327879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-18DOI: 10.1142/S2339547816500011
Charles C. Sharkey, Jiahe Li, S. Roy, Qianhui Wu, M. King
This study outlines a drug delivery mechanism that utilizes two independent vehicles, allowing for delivery of chemically and physically distinct agents. The mechanism was utilized to deliver a new anti-cancer combination therapy consisting of piperlongumine (PL) and TRAIL to treat PC3 prostate cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cells. PL, a small-molecule hydrophobic drug, was encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. TRAIL was chemically conjugated to the surface of liposomes. PL was first administered to sensitize cancer cells to the effects of TRAIL. PC3 and HCT116 cells had lower survival rates in vitro after receiving the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to each agent individually. In vivo testing involved a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model using NOD-SCID gamma mice and HCT116 cells. Two treatment cycles were administered over 48 hours. Higher apoptotic rates were observed for HCT116 tumor cells that received the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to individual stages of the nanoparticle therapy alone.
{"title":"Two-stage nanoparticle delivery of piperlongumine and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) anti-cancer therapy.","authors":"Charles C. Sharkey, Jiahe Li, S. Roy, Qianhui Wu, M. King","doi":"10.1142/S2339547816500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547816500011","url":null,"abstract":"This study outlines a drug delivery mechanism that utilizes two independent vehicles, allowing for delivery of chemically and physically distinct agents. The mechanism was utilized to deliver a new anti-cancer combination therapy consisting of piperlongumine (PL) and TRAIL to treat PC3 prostate cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cells. PL, a small-molecule hydrophobic drug, was encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. TRAIL was chemically conjugated to the surface of liposomes. PL was first administered to sensitize cancer cells to the effects of TRAIL. PC3 and HCT116 cells had lower survival rates in vitro after receiving the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to each agent individually. In vivo testing involved a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model using NOD-SCID gamma mice and HCT116 cells. Two treatment cycles were administered over 48 hours. Higher apoptotic rates were observed for HCT116 tumor cells that received the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to individual stages of the nanoparticle therapy alone.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86671817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-18DOI: 10.1142/S2339547816400070
Ryan Thompson, C. Chan
Neural differentiation is largely dependent on extracellular signals within the cell microenvironment. These extracellular signals are mainly in the form of soluble factors that activate intracellular signaling cascades that drive changes in the cell nucleus. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the physical microenvironment provides signals that can also influence lineage commitment and very low modulus surfaces has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing mechano-induced neural differentiation are still largely uncharacterized; however, a growing body of evidence indicates that physical stimuli can regulate known signaling cascades and transcription factors involved in neural differentiation. Understanding how the physical environment affects neural differentiation at the molecular level will enable research and design of materials that will eventually enhance neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, homogeneity and specificity.
{"title":"Signal transduction of the physical environment in the neural differentiation of stem cells.","authors":"Ryan Thompson, C. Chan","doi":"10.1142/S2339547816400070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547816400070","url":null,"abstract":"Neural differentiation is largely dependent on extracellular signals within the cell microenvironment. These extracellular signals are mainly in the form of soluble factors that activate intracellular signaling cascades that drive changes in the cell nucleus. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the physical microenvironment provides signals that can also influence lineage commitment and very low modulus surfaces has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing mechano-induced neural differentiation are still largely uncharacterized; however, a growing body of evidence indicates that physical stimuli can regulate known signaling cascades and transcription factors involved in neural differentiation. Understanding how the physical environment affects neural differentiation at the molecular level will enable research and design of materials that will eventually enhance neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, homogeneity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76919445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-18DOI: 10.1142/S2339547816400100
D. Vocelle, Olivia M Chesniak, A. Malefyt, Georgina Comiskey, Kwasi Adu-Berchie, Milton R. Smith, C. Chan, S. Walton
Understanding the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle complexes remains a critical bottleneck in designing siRNA delivery vehicles for highly active RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics. In this study, we show that dextran functionalization of silica nanoparticles enhanced uptake and intracellular delivery of siRNAs in cultured cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors for endocytotic pathways, we determined that our complexes are endocytosed via a previously unreported mechanism for siRNA delivery in which dextran initiates scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis through a clathrin/caveolin-independent process. Our findings suggest that siRNA delivery efficiency could be enhanced by incorporating dextran into existing delivery platforms to activate scavenger receptor activity across a variety of target cell types.
{"title":"Dextran functionalization enhances nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery and silencing.","authors":"D. Vocelle, Olivia M Chesniak, A. Malefyt, Georgina Comiskey, Kwasi Adu-Berchie, Milton R. Smith, C. Chan, S. Walton","doi":"10.1142/S2339547816400100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547816400100","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle complexes remains a critical bottleneck in designing siRNA delivery vehicles for highly active RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics. In this study, we show that dextran functionalization of silica nanoparticles enhanced uptake and intracellular delivery of siRNAs in cultured cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors for endocytotic pathways, we determined that our complexes are endocytosed via a previously unreported mechanism for siRNA delivery in which dextran initiates scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis through a clathrin/caveolin-independent process. Our findings suggest that siRNA delivery efficiency could be enhanced by incorporating dextran into existing delivery platforms to activate scavenger receptor activity across a variety of target cell types.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83832584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-23DOI: 10.1142/S2339547815200058
Y. Shin, Jungwoo Kim, Dazy Johnson, A. Dooraghi, Wilson X. Mai, Lisa Ta, A. Chatziioannou, M. Phelps, D. Nathanson, J. Heath
The most common positron emission tomography (PET) radio-labeled probe for molecular diagnostics in patient care and research is the glucose analog, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). We report on an integrated microfluidics-chip/beta particle imaging system for in vitro18F-FDG radioassays of glycolysis with single cell resolution. We investigated the kinetic responses of single glioblastoma cancer cells to targeted inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Further, we find a weak positive correlation between cell size and rate of glycolysis.
{"title":"Quantitative assessments of glycolysis from single cells.","authors":"Y. Shin, Jungwoo Kim, Dazy Johnson, A. Dooraghi, Wilson X. Mai, Lisa Ta, A. Chatziioannou, M. Phelps, D. Nathanson, J. Heath","doi":"10.1142/S2339547815200058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547815200058","url":null,"abstract":"The most common positron emission tomography (PET) radio-labeled probe for molecular diagnostics in patient care and research is the glucose analog, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). We report on an integrated microfluidics-chip/beta particle imaging system for in vitro18F-FDG radioassays of glycolysis with single cell resolution. We investigated the kinetic responses of single glioblastoma cancer cells to targeted inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Further, we find a weak positive correlation between cell size and rate of glycolysis.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"93 1","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88425213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-23DOI: 10.1142/S2339547815500090
U. Hassan, B. Reddy, G. Damhorst, O. Sonoiki, T. Ghonge, C. Yang, R. Bashir
Complete blood cell counts (CBCs) are one of the most commonly ordered and informative blood tests in hospitals. The results from a CBC, which typically include white blood cell (WBC) counts with differentials, red blood cell (RBC) counts, platelet counts and hemoglobin measurements, can have implications for the diagnosis and screening of hundreds of diseases and treatments. Bulky and expensive hematology analyzers are currently used as a gold standard for acquiring CBCs. For nearly all CBCs performed today, the patient must travel to either a hospital with a large laboratory or to a centralized lab testing facility. There is a tremendous need for an automated, portable point-of-care blood cell counter that could yield results in a matter of minutes from a drop of blood without any trained professionals to operate the instrument. We have developed microfluidic biochips capable of a partial CBC using only a drop of whole blood. Total leukocyte and their 3-part differential count are obtained from 10 μL of blood after on-chip lysing of the RBCs and counting of the leukocytes electrically using microfabricated platinum electrodes. For RBCs and platelets, 1 μL of whole blood is diluted with PBS on-chip and the cells are counted electrically. The total time for measurement is under 20 minutes. We demonstrate a high correlation of blood cell counts compared to results acquired with a commercial hematology analyzer. This technology could potentially have tremendous applications in hospitals at the bedside, private clinics, retail clinics and the developing world.
{"title":"A microfluidic biochip for complete blood cell counts at the point-of-care.","authors":"U. Hassan, B. Reddy, G. Damhorst, O. Sonoiki, T. Ghonge, C. Yang, R. Bashir","doi":"10.1142/S2339547815500090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547815500090","url":null,"abstract":"Complete blood cell counts (CBCs) are one of the most commonly ordered and informative blood tests in hospitals. The results from a CBC, which typically include white blood cell (WBC) counts with differentials, red blood cell (RBC) counts, platelet counts and hemoglobin measurements, can have implications for the diagnosis and screening of hundreds of diseases and treatments. Bulky and expensive hematology analyzers are currently used as a gold standard for acquiring CBCs. For nearly all CBCs performed today, the patient must travel to either a hospital with a large laboratory or to a centralized lab testing facility. There is a tremendous need for an automated, portable point-of-care blood cell counter that could yield results in a matter of minutes from a drop of blood without any trained professionals to operate the instrument. We have developed microfluidic biochips capable of a partial CBC using only a drop of whole blood. Total leukocyte and their 3-part differential count are obtained from 10 μL of blood after on-chip lysing of the RBCs and counting of the leukocytes electrically using microfabricated platinum electrodes. For RBCs and platelets, 1 μL of whole blood is diluted with PBS on-chip and the cells are counted electrically. The total time for measurement is under 20 minutes. We demonstrate a high correlation of blood cell counts compared to results acquired with a commercial hematology analyzer. This technology could potentially have tremendous applications in hospitals at the bedside, private clinics, retail clinics and the developing world.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"71 1","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73472405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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