Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2900
H. Sanaei-Zadeh, S. Marashi
Dear Editor-in-Chief, We read with great interest the article entitled “A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it” written by Hashemi-Domeneh et al. (1) and recently published in the Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. The authors mentioned performing a gastric lavage using a solution of potassium permanganate (1/10000/1 g per 10 L) and administering activated charcoal (1 g kg-1 in children and 50-100 g in adults) and sodium bicarbonate (two 44 meq vials [100 mL] per L) as options for gastrointestinal decontamination, claiming that these compounds can be effective at decreasing toxic phosphine (PH3) production. However, a closer look at the list of references in the paper indicated that none of these protocols have yet been clinically studied. What drew our attention is that these solutions are composed of water. Therefore, they can facilitate PH3 gas release from aluminium phosphide (AlP) (2). To document this phenomenon, we added a 5 g tablet of Bhostoxin® into 50 mL solutions of sodium bicarbonate (44 meq), potassium permanganate (0.005 g; 1/10000 solution), activated charcoal (10 g), and castor oil (see Figure 1). The other important points recently considered by scientists and which speak in favour of our argument include an exothermic reaction that follows potassium permanganate administration (3, 4), induction of haemolysis and methemoglobinemia due to the oxidizing properties of potassium permanganate (5, 6), inconceivability of PH3 oxidation following administration of potassium permanganate considering that it is a hard nucleophile (7), and inefficiency of charcoal in AlP adsorption and prevention of PH3 release (8). On the other hand, in vitro studies have proposed that liquid vegetable oils and paraffin are effective in the prevention of phosphine fumigation (9), which has been supported by a successful management of acute AlP poisoning in a case report as well as in an animal study (10, 11). To conclude, solutions composed of water should not be used for gastric decontamination after acute AlP poisoning. Instead, using vegetable oils for gastric lavage or castor oil to inhibit greater PH3 release as well as stimulation of luminal evacuation (2) could be practical. However, this idea has not been evaluated in a properly designed study. Instead of gastric lavage, we have the experience of giving 60 mL of castor oil orally for gastrointestinal decontamination in all of the cases of acute AlP toxicity presented to the three main university hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, within the last three years. This appears to be a good starting point. Hence, the evaluation of its efficacy in a randomized clinical trial should be the next step.
尊敬的总编辑，我们怀着极大的兴趣阅读了Hashemi-Domeneh等人(1)最近发表在《工业卫生与毒理学档案》上的一篇题为《磷化铝中毒的综述和治疗流程图》的文章。作者提到使用高锰酸钾溶液(1/10000/1 g /10 L)进行洗胃，并给予活性炭(儿童1 g kg-1，成人50-100 g)和碳酸氢钠(每L两个44 meq小瓶[100 mL])作为胃肠道净化的选择，声称这些化合物可以有效减少有毒磷化氢(PH3)的产生。然而，仔细查看论文中的参考文献列表表明，这些方案尚未进行临床研究。引起我们注意的是这些溶液是由水组成的。因此，它们可以促进磷化铝(AlP)释放PH3气体(2)。为了证明这一现象，我们将5 g Bhostoxin®片加入50 mL碳酸氢钠(44 meq)，高锰酸钾(0.005 g;1/10000溶液)，活性炭(10克)和蓖麻油(见图1)。最近科学家们考虑的其他重要观点支持我们的观点，包括高锰酸钾给药后的放热反应(3,4)，高锰酸钾氧化特性导致的溶血和高铁血红蛋白血症(5,6)，不可思议的PH3高锰酸钾的氧化后政府考虑到这是一个艰难的亲核试剂(7),在高山和低效的木炭吸附和预防PH3释放(8)。另一方面,体外研究提出,液体植物油和石蜡是有效预防磷化氢熏蒸(9),已由一个成功的管理急性高山中毒的病例报告以及在动物研究中(10、11)。综上所述，急性AlP中毒后，不应使用水组成的溶液进行胃净化。相反，使用植物油或蓖麻油来洗胃，以抑制PH3的释放，并刺激腔内排泄(2)可能是可行的。然而，这个想法还没有在一个适当设计的研究中得到评估。在过去三年中，在伊朗设拉子的三所主要大学医院，我们有给所有急性AlP中毒病例口服60毫升蓖麻油以消除胃肠道污染的经验，而不是洗胃。这似乎是一个很好的起点。因此，下一步应在随机临床试验中评估其疗效。
{"title":"Gastric decontamination in aluminium phosphide poisoning: a case against the use of water-based solutions","authors":"H. Sanaei-Zadeh, S. Marashi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2900","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor-in-Chief, We read with great interest the article entitled “A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it” written by Hashemi-Domeneh et al. (1) and recently published in the Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. The authors mentioned performing a gastric lavage using a solution of potassium permanganate (1/10000/1 g per 10 L) and administering activated charcoal (1 g kg-1 in children and 50-100 g in adults) and sodium bicarbonate (two 44 meq vials [100 mL] per L) as options for gastrointestinal decontamination, claiming that these compounds can be effective at decreasing toxic phosphine (PH3) production. However, a closer look at the list of references in the paper indicated that none of these protocols have yet been clinically studied. What drew our attention is that these solutions are composed of water. Therefore, they can facilitate PH3 gas release from aluminium phosphide (AlP) (2). To document this phenomenon, we added a 5 g tablet of Bhostoxin® into 50 mL solutions of sodium bicarbonate (44 meq), potassium permanganate (0.005 g; 1/10000 solution), activated charcoal (10 g), and castor oil (see Figure 1). The other important points recently considered by scientists and which speak in favour of our argument include an exothermic reaction that follows potassium permanganate administration (3, 4), induction of haemolysis and methemoglobinemia due to the oxidizing properties of potassium permanganate (5, 6), inconceivability of PH3 oxidation following administration of potassium permanganate considering that it is a hard nucleophile (7), and inefficiency of charcoal in AlP adsorption and prevention of PH3 release (8). On the other hand, in vitro studies have proposed that liquid vegetable oils and paraffin are effective in the prevention of phosphine fumigation (9), which has been supported by a successful management of acute AlP poisoning in a case report as well as in an animal study (10, 11). To conclude, solutions composed of water should not be used for gastric decontamination after acute AlP poisoning. Instead, using vegetable oils for gastric lavage or castor oil to inhibit greater PH3 release as well as stimulation of luminal evacuation (2) could be practical. However, this idea has not been evaluated in a properly designed study. Instead of gastric lavage, we have the experience of giving 60 mL of castor oil orally for gastrointestinal decontamination in all of the cases of acute AlP toxicity presented to the three main university hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, within the last three years. This appears to be a good starting point. Hence, the evaluation of its efficacy in a randomized clinical trial should be the next step.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"364 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81995004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2795
Milica G. Paunović, B. Ognjanović, M. Matić, A. Stajn, Z. Saicic
Abstract Nicotine is a potential inducer of oxidative stress, through which it can damage numerous biological molecules. The aim of our study was to investigate the prooxidative effects of nicotine and protective (additive or synergistic) effects of quercetin and vitamin C in the blood of experimental animals, to determine whether the combination of these antioxidants might be beneficial for clinical purposes. Wistar albino rats were receiving intraperitoneal nicotine injection (0.75 mg kg-1 per day) or saline (control group) or nicotine plus quercetin (40 mg kg-1 per day) and vitamin C (100 mg kg-1 per day) for three consecutive days. On day 4, we determined their blood lipid profile, liver enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidative system parameters. Compared to untreated control, nicotine significantly increased total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress parameters (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxide) and decreased HDL-cholesterol, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase/catalase activity. Quercetin + vitamin C reversed these values significantly compared to the nicotine alone group. Our results confirm that nicotine has significant prooxidative effects that may disrupt the redox balance and show that the quercetin + vitamin C combination supports antioxidant defence mechanisms with strong haematoprotective activity against nicotine-induced toxicity. In practical terms, this means that a diet rich in vitamin C and quercetin could prevent nicotine-induced toxicity and could also be useful in the supportive care of people exposed to nicotine.
{"title":"Protective effects of quercetin and vitamin C against nicotine-induced toxicity in the blood of Wistar rats","authors":"Milica G. Paunović, B. Ognjanović, M. Matić, A. Stajn, Z. Saicic","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nicotine is a potential inducer of oxidative stress, through which it can damage numerous biological molecules. The aim of our study was to investigate the prooxidative effects of nicotine and protective (additive or synergistic) effects of quercetin and vitamin C in the blood of experimental animals, to determine whether the combination of these antioxidants might be beneficial for clinical purposes. Wistar albino rats were receiving intraperitoneal nicotine injection (0.75 mg kg-1 per day) or saline (control group) or nicotine plus quercetin (40 mg kg-1 per day) and vitamin C (100 mg kg-1 per day) for three consecutive days. On day 4, we determined their blood lipid profile, liver enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidative system parameters. Compared to untreated control, nicotine significantly increased total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress parameters (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxide) and decreased HDL-cholesterol, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase/catalase activity. Quercetin + vitamin C reversed these values significantly compared to the nicotine alone group. Our results confirm that nicotine has significant prooxidative effects that may disrupt the redox balance and show that the quercetin + vitamin C combination supports antioxidant defence mechanisms with strong haematoprotective activity against nicotine-induced toxicity. In practical terms, this means that a diet rich in vitamin C and quercetin could prevent nicotine-induced toxicity and could also be useful in the supportive care of people exposed to nicotine.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"113 1","pages":"304 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91347320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2812
A. O. Ada, S. Bilgen, V. Karacaoğlan, C. S. Kunak, E. Soydaş, S. Alpar, M. Gulhan, M. Iscan
Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in tumour suppressor genes and genes encoding xenobiotic metabolising enzymes alter the activity of their corresponding enzymes and are important individual susceptibility factors for NSCLC. Because of the lack of information in literature, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (Arg72Pro) and the xenobiotic metabolising CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms on the risk of NSCLC development. The study population consisted of 172 patients and 172 controls (156 men and 16 women in each group). Genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with NSCLC for the combination between the TP53 codon72 Arg/Pro and the Pro/Pro genotypes (OR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.390-3.51; p=0.001). We also analysed whether combinations of these gene variants with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 exon 5 (Ile105Val), and GSTP1 exon 6 (Ala114Val) gene polymorphisms were associated with the NSCLC risk. A significant increase in the risk was observed for the following combinations: TP53 codon72 variant with GSTM1 null (OR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.23-4.04; p=0.009), GSTT1 null (OR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.49-5.94; p=0.002), and GSTP1 (Ala114Val) variant genotypes (OR 3.38, 95 % CI 1.54-7.41; p=0.002). Further studies with larger samples are needed to verify these findings.
非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是最常见的肺癌类型。肿瘤抑制基因和编码外源代谢酶的基因的遗传多态性改变了相应酶的活性，是NSCLC的重要个体易感因素。由于文献资料缺乏，我们的研究目的是探讨肿瘤抑制基因TP53 (Arg72Pro)和外源代谢CYP2E1*5B基因多态性在NSCLC发展风险中的作用。研究人群包括172名患者和172名对照组(每组156名男性和16名女性)。采用实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)和PCR限制性片段长度多态性(PCR- rflp)检测遗传多态性。多因素分析显示，TP53密码子72 Arg/Pro和Pro/Pro基因型与非小细胞肺癌有显著相关性(OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.390-3.51;p = 0.001)。我们还分析了这些基因变异与GSTM1、GSTT1、GSTP1外显子5 (Ile105Val)和GSTP1外显子6 (Ala114Val)基因多态性的组合是否与NSCLC风险相关。观察到以下组合的风险显著增加:TP53密码子72变异与GSTM1无效(OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.23-4.04;p=0.009)， GSTT1为零(OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.49-5.94;p=0.002)和GSTP1 (Ala114Val)变异基因型(OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.54-7.41;p = 0.002)。需要更大样本的进一步研究来验证这些发现。
{"title":"Association between the TP53 and CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms and non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"A. O. Ada, S. Bilgen, V. Karacaoğlan, C. S. Kunak, E. Soydaş, S. Alpar, M. Gulhan, M. Iscan","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2812","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in tumour suppressor genes and genes encoding xenobiotic metabolising enzymes alter the activity of their corresponding enzymes and are important individual susceptibility factors for NSCLC. Because of the lack of information in literature, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (Arg72Pro) and the xenobiotic metabolising CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms on the risk of NSCLC development. The study population consisted of 172 patients and 172 controls (156 men and 16 women in each group). Genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with NSCLC for the combination between the TP53 codon72 Arg/Pro and the Pro/Pro genotypes (OR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.390-3.51; p=0.001). We also analysed whether combinations of these gene variants with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 exon 5 (Ile105Val), and GSTP1 exon 6 (Ala114Val) gene polymorphisms were associated with the NSCLC risk. A significant increase in the risk was observed for the following combinations: TP53 codon72 variant with GSTM1 null (OR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.23-4.04; p=0.009), GSTT1 null (OR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.49-5.94; p=0.002), and GSTP1 (Ala114Val) variant genotypes (OR 3.38, 95 % CI 1.54-7.41; p=0.002). Further studies with larger samples are needed to verify these findings.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":"311 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84625518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2793
A. C. K. Benli, Duygu Şahin, Rabia Sarıkaya, B. Memmi, A. Dinçel
Abstract 2,4-D is a widely used phenoxy herbicide, potentially toxic to humans and biota. The objective of the present study was to reveal short term sublethal effects of 2,4-D on narrow-clawed freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), based on histology, total haemocyte counts, selected haemolymph parameters, and oxidative stress parameters. In the laboratory conditions crayfish specimens were exposed to 9 mg L-1 of 2,4-D for one week. Experiments were conducted under semi-static conditions in 20 L-capacity aquaria where 10 freshwater crayfish were stocked per aquarium. Exposure (experimental) and control groups were used and the experiments were repeated two times. No mortality and behavioural changes were recorded during the experiments. Total haemocyte counts decreased significantly, while haemolymph glucose levels increased (P<0.05), when compared to the control group. Haemolymph levels of calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and lactate did not change. Exposure resulted with increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) only in hepatopancreas. However, results of gill FOX assay showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters (P<0.05). MDA levels of gill and abdominal muscle tissues and FOX levels of hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle tissues did not change when compared to the control group. Significant histopathological alterations were observed both in hepatopancreas (multifocal deformations in tubule lumen) and gill tissue (melanisation of gill lamella). Exposure of crayfish even to a sublethal concentration of 2,4-D alters histopathology and lipid peroxidation due to stress. Biomarkers studied here seem to be useful for the assessment of adverse/toxic effects of pesticides on non-target, indicator aquatic organisms.
{"title":"The sublethal effects of (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) on narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823)","authors":"A. C. K. Benli, Duygu Şahin, Rabia Sarıkaya, B. Memmi, A. Dinçel","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 2,4-D is a widely used phenoxy herbicide, potentially toxic to humans and biota. The objective of the present study was to reveal short term sublethal effects of 2,4-D on narrow-clawed freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), based on histology, total haemocyte counts, selected haemolymph parameters, and oxidative stress parameters. In the laboratory conditions crayfish specimens were exposed to 9 mg L-1 of 2,4-D for one week. Experiments were conducted under semi-static conditions in 20 L-capacity aquaria where 10 freshwater crayfish were stocked per aquarium. Exposure (experimental) and control groups were used and the experiments were repeated two times. No mortality and behavioural changes were recorded during the experiments. Total haemocyte counts decreased significantly, while haemolymph glucose levels increased (P<0.05), when compared to the control group. Haemolymph levels of calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and lactate did not change. Exposure resulted with increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) only in hepatopancreas. However, results of gill FOX assay showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters (P<0.05). MDA levels of gill and abdominal muscle tissues and FOX levels of hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle tissues did not change when compared to the control group. Significant histopathological alterations were observed both in hepatopancreas (multifocal deformations in tubule lumen) and gill tissue (melanisation of gill lamella). Exposure of crayfish even to a sublethal concentration of 2,4-D alters histopathology and lipid peroxidation due to stress. Biomarkers studied here seem to be useful for the assessment of adverse/toxic effects of pesticides on non-target, indicator aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"289 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82932277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2823
Z. Stančić, D. Vujević, Ana Gomaz, S. Bogdan, D. Vincek
Abstract The present study was aimed at the estimation of heavy metal content in vegetables sold at the city market of one of the densely populated Croatian cities, Varaždin, and to establish the relationship between their levels and possible sources of contamination. Twenty-eight samples of the most common diet vegetables (red and white potato, onion, carrot, common bean, lettuce, and cabbage) were randomly bought at the market in September and October 2013. Using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in the selected samples. The results showed that, in five out of 28 samples analysed, six concentrations exceeded the maximum levels provided for in the regulations: five for Pb and one for Cd. Maximum regulated levels for Pb were exceeded in two samples of red potato, two samples of common bean, and one sample of carrot (17.9 %), and for Cd in a sample of red potato (3.6 %). In conclusion, the cause of the overstepping of the maximum levels for Pb and Cd in the vegetables analysed was most likely the contaminated soil. The possible sources of soil contamination include traffic, nearby industry, floodwaters of rivers and streams, and the use of pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural production.
{"title":"Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia","authors":"Z. Stančić, D. Vujević, Ana Gomaz, S. Bogdan, D. Vincek","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was aimed at the estimation of heavy metal content in vegetables sold at the city market of one of the densely populated Croatian cities, Varaždin, and to establish the relationship between their levels and possible sources of contamination. Twenty-eight samples of the most common diet vegetables (red and white potato, onion, carrot, common bean, lettuce, and cabbage) were randomly bought at the market in September and October 2013. Using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in the selected samples. The results showed that, in five out of 28 samples analysed, six concentrations exceeded the maximum levels provided for in the regulations: five for Pb and one for Cd. Maximum regulated levels for Pb were exceeded in two samples of red potato, two samples of common bean, and one sample of carrot (17.9 %), and for Cd in a sample of red potato (3.6 %). In conclusion, the cause of the overstepping of the maximum levels for Pb and Cd in the vegetables analysed was most likely the contaminated soil. The possible sources of soil contamination include traffic, nearby industry, floodwaters of rivers and streams, and the use of pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":"340 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77242006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2885
M. Šoštarić, B. Petrinec, D. Babić
Abstract This paper tackles the issue of interpreting the number of airborne particles adsorbed on a filter through which a certain volume of sampled air has been pumped. This number is equal to the product of the pumped volume and particle concentration in air, but only if the concentration is constant over time and if there is no substance decomposition on the filter during sampling. If this is not the case, one must take into account the inconstancy of the concentration and the decay law for a given substance, which is complicated even further if the flow rate through the filter is not constant. In this paper, we develop a formalism which considers all of these factors, resulting in a single, compact expression of general applicability. The use of this expression is exemplified by addressing a case of sampling airborne radioactive matter, where the decay law is already well known. This law is combined with three experimentally observed time dependence of the flow rate and two models for the time dependence of the particle concentration. We also discuss the implications of these calculations for certain other situations of interest to environmental studies.
{"title":"Air sampling by pumping through a filter: effects of air flow rate, concentration, and decay of airborne substances","authors":"M. Šoštarić, B. Petrinec, D. Babić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2885","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper tackles the issue of interpreting the number of airborne particles adsorbed on a filter through which a certain volume of sampled air has been pumped. This number is equal to the product of the pumped volume and particle concentration in air, but only if the concentration is constant over time and if there is no substance decomposition on the filter during sampling. If this is not the case, one must take into account the inconstancy of the concentration and the decay law for a given substance, which is complicated even further if the flow rate through the filter is not constant. In this paper, we develop a formalism which considers all of these factors, resulting in a single, compact expression of general applicability. The use of this expression is exemplified by addressing a case of sampling airborne radioactive matter, where the decay law is already well known. This law is combined with three experimentally observed time dependence of the flow rate and two models for the time dependence of the particle concentration. We also discuss the implications of these calculations for certain other situations of interest to environmental studies.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"9 1","pages":"326 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88100044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2809
R. Valencia-Quintana, S. Gómez-Arroyo, J. Sánchez-Alarcón, M. Milić, J. L. Olivares, S. Waliszewski, J. Cortés-Eslava, R. Villalobos-pietrini, M. Calderón-Segura
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate genotoxic effects of Pirimor-50®, a pirimicarb-based formulation (50 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures and Vicia faba root meristems. Furthermore, the objective was to examine a combined influence of insecticide treatment with mammalian microsomal S9 and vegetal S10 metabolic fractions or S10 mix metabolic transformation extracts (after Vicia faba primary roots treatment with Pirimor-50®). We used sister chromatid exchange assay-SCE and measured cell cycle progression and proliferation (proportion of M1-M3 metaphases and replication index ratio-RI). Two processes were used for plant promutagen activation: in vivo activation-Pirimor-50® was applied for 4 h to the plant and then S10 mix was added to lymphocytes; and, in vitro activation-lymphocytes were treated with Pirimor-50® and S10 or S9 for 2 h. Direct treatment induced significantly higher SCE frequencies in meristems at 0.01 mg mL-1. In lymphocytes, significantly higher SCE was at 1 mg mL-1 with decrease in RI and M1-M3 metaphase proportions at 0.5 mg mL-1 and cell division stop at 2.5 mg mL1. S10 mix lymphocyte treatment showed significantly elevated SCE values at 2-2.5 mg mL-1, with cell death at 3 mg mL-1. Lymphocyte treatment with Pirimor-50® together with S9 or S10 showed slightly elevated SCE frequency but had a significant influence on RI decrease, with lowest values in S9 treatment. Since no data are available on the genotoxicity of Pirimor-50®, this study is one of the first to evaluate and compare its direct effect in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and also the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.
{"title":"Genotoxic effects of the carbamate insecticide Pirimor-50® in Vicia faba root tip meristems and human lymphocyte culture after direct application and treatment with its metabolic extracts","authors":"R. Valencia-Quintana, S. Gómez-Arroyo, J. Sánchez-Alarcón, M. Milić, J. L. Olivares, S. Waliszewski, J. Cortés-Eslava, R. Villalobos-pietrini, M. Calderón-Segura","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate genotoxic effects of Pirimor-50®, a pirimicarb-based formulation (50 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures and Vicia faba root meristems. Furthermore, the objective was to examine a combined influence of insecticide treatment with mammalian microsomal S9 and vegetal S10 metabolic fractions or S10 mix metabolic transformation extracts (after Vicia faba primary roots treatment with Pirimor-50®). We used sister chromatid exchange assay-SCE and measured cell cycle progression and proliferation (proportion of M1-M3 metaphases and replication index ratio-RI). Two processes were used for plant promutagen activation: in vivo activation-Pirimor-50® was applied for 4 h to the plant and then S10 mix was added to lymphocytes; and, in vitro activation-lymphocytes were treated with Pirimor-50® and S10 or S9 for 2 h. Direct treatment induced significantly higher SCE frequencies in meristems at 0.01 mg mL-1. In lymphocytes, significantly higher SCE was at 1 mg mL-1 with decrease in RI and M1-M3 metaphase proportions at 0.5 mg mL-1 and cell division stop at 2.5 mg mL1. S10 mix lymphocyte treatment showed significantly elevated SCE values at 2-2.5 mg mL-1, with cell death at 3 mg mL-1. Lymphocyte treatment with Pirimor-50® together with S9 or S10 showed slightly elevated SCE frequency but had a significant influence on RI decrease, with lowest values in S9 treatment. Since no data are available on the genotoxicity of Pirimor-50®, this study is one of the first to evaluate and compare its direct effect in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and also the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"53 1","pages":"266 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86493433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2788
Amela Kasić, Amira Kasumović, F. Adrović, Muhamed Hodžić
Abstract Investigations of natural radioactivity in water, air, and soil are conducted frequently and routinely. Exposure to high concentrations of natural radioactive radon gas can cause irradiation of respiratory organs, which can lead to lung cancer. This paper presents measurements of radon activity concentrations in dug wells and natural springs of the Tuzla area (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which ranged from 214 to 3702 mBq L-1. Our results have shown that the radon activity concentration did not exceed the EU reference level for radon in drinking water (100 Bq L-1).
{"title":"Radon measurements in well and spring water of the Tuzla area, Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Amela Kasić, Amira Kasumović, F. Adrović, Muhamed Hodžić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2788","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigations of natural radioactivity in water, air, and soil are conducted frequently and routinely. Exposure to high concentrations of natural radioactive radon gas can cause irradiation of respiratory organs, which can lead to lung cancer. This paper presents measurements of radon activity concentrations in dug wells and natural springs of the Tuzla area (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which ranged from 214 to 3702 mBq L-1. Our results have shown that the radon activity concentration did not exceed the EU reference level for radon in drinking water (100 Bq L-1).","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"238 1","pages":"332 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76875248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2785
A. Slišković, Zvjezdan Penezić
Abstract The aim of this study was to test for associations between different aspects of contract and on-board internet access and seafarers’ satisfaction and health. Altogether 298 Croatian seafarers, all officers, employed on cargo ships, with a minimum work experience of two years with their current shipping company, participated in an online survey. The questionnaire included sociodemographic items, questions relating to their employment contract and internet access, and measures of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, mental health, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms. Their job- and lifesatisfaction levels were higher for shorter duration on board, favourable ratio of work to non-work days, and compliance with the employment contract regarding the changes to work and non-work days. Mental health differed likewise but only in relation to two aspects of the contract: on-board duration and compliance with the contract. The level of gastrointestinal symptoms was lower in cases of shorter on-board duration and compliance with the contract, and in seafarers who have free, unlimited internet access on board. Lower level of cardiovascular symptoms was found in seafarers with free, unlimited internet access on board. Our findings suggest that in promoting satisfaction and health in seafaring, attention should be given to reducing on-board duration, compliance with the contract, and internet accessibility on board.
{"title":"Testing the associations between different aspects of seafarers’ employment contract and on-board internet access and their job and life satisfaction and health","authors":"A. Slišković, Zvjezdan Penezić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to test for associations between different aspects of contract and on-board internet access and seafarers’ satisfaction and health. Altogether 298 Croatian seafarers, all officers, employed on cargo ships, with a minimum work experience of two years with their current shipping company, participated in an online survey. The questionnaire included sociodemographic items, questions relating to their employment contract and internet access, and measures of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, mental health, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms. Their job- and lifesatisfaction levels were higher for shorter duration on board, favourable ratio of work to non-work days, and compliance with the employment contract regarding the changes to work and non-work days. Mental health differed likewise but only in relation to two aspects of the contract: on-board duration and compliance with the contract. The level of gastrointestinal symptoms was lower in cases of shorter on-board duration and compliance with the contract, and in seafarers who have free, unlimited internet access on board. Lower level of cardiovascular symptoms was found in seafarers with free, unlimited internet access on board. Our findings suggest that in promoting satisfaction and health in seafaring, attention should be given to reducing on-board duration, compliance with the contract, and internet accessibility on board.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"73 1","pages":"351 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84281996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2910
Gina Branica, M. Mladinić, D. Omanović, D. Želježić
Abstract Nanoparticle use has increased radically raising concern about possible adverse effects in humans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most common nanomaterials in consumer and medical products. Several studies indicate problems with their safe use. The aim of our study was to see at which levels ZnO NPs start to produce adverse cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes as an early attempt toward establishing safety limits for ZnO NP exposure in humans. We assessed the genotoxic effects of low ZnO NP concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 μg mL-1) in lymphocyte cultures over 14 days of exposure. We also tested whether low and high-density lymphocytes differed in their ability to accumulate ZnO NPs in these experimental conditions. Primary DNA damage (measured with the alkaline comet assay) increased with nanoparticle concentration in unseparated and high density lymphocytes. The same happened with the fragmentation of TP53 (measured with the comet-FISH). Nanoparticle accumulation was significant only with the two highest concentrations, regardless of lymphocyte density. High-density lymphocytes had significantly more intracellular Zn2+ than light-density ones. Our results suggest that exposure to ZnO NPs in concentrations above 5 μg mL-1 increases cytogenetic damage and intracellular Zn2+ levels in lymphocytes.
{"title":"An alternative approach to studying the effects of ZnO nanoparticles in cultured human lymphocytes: combining electrochemistry and genotoxicity tests","authors":"Gina Branica, M. Mladinić, D. Omanović, D. Želježić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nanoparticle use has increased radically raising concern about possible adverse effects in humans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most common nanomaterials in consumer and medical products. Several studies indicate problems with their safe use. The aim of our study was to see at which levels ZnO NPs start to produce adverse cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes as an early attempt toward establishing safety limits for ZnO NP exposure in humans. We assessed the genotoxic effects of low ZnO NP concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 μg mL-1) in lymphocyte cultures over 14 days of exposure. We also tested whether low and high-density lymphocytes differed in their ability to accumulate ZnO NPs in these experimental conditions. Primary DNA damage (measured with the alkaline comet assay) increased with nanoparticle concentration in unseparated and high density lymphocytes. The same happened with the fragmentation of TP53 (measured with the comet-FISH). Nanoparticle accumulation was significant only with the two highest concentrations, regardless of lymphocyte density. High-density lymphocytes had significantly more intracellular Zn2+ than light-density ones. Our results suggest that exposure to ZnO NPs in concentrations above 5 μg mL-1 increases cytogenetic damage and intracellular Zn2+ levels in lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"277 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81437612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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