Pub Date : 2016-09-22DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2753
Imededdine Kadi, F. Dahdouh
Abstract Nickel is an abundant carcinogenic and nephrotoxic metal whose activity leads to renal impairment. Previous studies have shown a protective effect of simultaneous vitamin C administration on acute and chronic nickel toxicity. However, very little research relating to the effect of vitamin C pretreatment in preventing nickel-induced acute nephrotoxicity is available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the efficiency of vitamin C (VC) pretreatment in preventing acute renal toxicity of nickel. Mice were pretreated orally with vitamin C (16.6 mg kg-1 body weight, b.w.) for seven consecutive days, prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nickel chloride at different doses (3, 5, and 10 mg Ni kg-1 b.w.) for an exposure period of 24 hours. Thereafter, animals were killed and kidney tissue and blood samples were taken for histological examination and biochemical marker analyses. Vitamin C pretreatment alone did not alter the levels of serum kidney markers (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). However, treatment with Ni alone showed a significant increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid with marked necrotic epithelial cells and infiltration by inflammatory cells in kidney sections as compared to the control group. Pretreatment with vitamin C and treatment with Ni at all doses tested for 24 hours showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid, as well as an improvement in histological changes compared to those previously seen in the group treated with Ni alone. It is concluded that vitamin C pretreatment effectively improved renal function and tissue damage caused by nickel.
摘要镍是一种丰富的致癌和肾毒性金属，其活性可导致肾脏损害。先前的研究表明，同时服用维生素C对急性和慢性镍中毒有保护作用。然而，关于维生素C预处理在预防镍引起的急性肾毒性中的作用的研究很少。因此，本研究旨在探讨维生素C (VC)预处理对镍急性肾毒性的预防作用。小鼠连续7天口服维生素C (16.6 mg kg-1体重，体重)，然后腹腔注射不同剂量的氯化镍(3、5和10 mg Ni kg-1体重)，暴露时间为24小时。随后处死动物，取肾脏组织和血液标本进行组织学检查和生化标志物分析。单独的维生素C预处理不会改变血清肾标志物(肌酐、尿素和尿酸)的水平。然而，与对照组相比，单独使用镍治疗显示血清肌酐、尿素和尿酸水平显著增加，肾切片有明显的坏死上皮细胞和炎症细胞浸润。用维生素C预处理和用所有剂量的镍治疗24小时的试验显示，血清肌酐、尿素和尿酸水平显著降低，与先前单独用镍治疗的组相比，组织学变化也有所改善。由此可见，维生素C预处理能有效改善镍致肾组织损伤。
{"title":"Vitamin C pretreatment protects from nickel-induced acute nephrotoxicity in mice","authors":"Imededdine Kadi, F. Dahdouh","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2753","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nickel is an abundant carcinogenic and nephrotoxic metal whose activity leads to renal impairment. Previous studies have shown a protective effect of simultaneous vitamin C administration on acute and chronic nickel toxicity. However, very little research relating to the effect of vitamin C pretreatment in preventing nickel-induced acute nephrotoxicity is available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the efficiency of vitamin C (VC) pretreatment in preventing acute renal toxicity of nickel. Mice were pretreated orally with vitamin C (16.6 mg kg-1 body weight, b.w.) for seven consecutive days, prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nickel chloride at different doses (3, 5, and 10 mg Ni kg-1 b.w.) for an exposure period of 24 hours. Thereafter, animals were killed and kidney tissue and blood samples were taken for histological examination and biochemical marker analyses. Vitamin C pretreatment alone did not alter the levels of serum kidney markers (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). However, treatment with Ni alone showed a significant increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid with marked necrotic epithelial cells and infiltration by inflammatory cells in kidney sections as compared to the control group. Pretreatment with vitamin C and treatment with Ni at all doses tested for 24 hours showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid, as well as an improvement in histological changes compared to those previously seen in the group treated with Ni alone. It is concluded that vitamin C pretreatment effectively improved renal function and tissue damage caused by nickel.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"210 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-22DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2730
M. Vrecl, V. Jenčič
Abstract The aim of this preliminary research was to establish if there are intersex occurrences in wild freshwater fish in Slovenian rivers and streams. In the first study we evaluated all fish species of both sexes obtained from the river Ljubljanica from its source to mouth. In the second study we focused on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) males from 30 rivers and streams in different parts of Slovenia. The male gonads were histologically assessed for the presence of oocytes to determine the frequency and degree of intersex. Oocytes were found in the testicular tissue of a single grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and in the adipose tissue adjacent to the testis of a single common barbel (Barbus barbus), both from the Ljubljanica. Several cyst-like structures that resemble degenerated presumptive oocytes were also present in several trout testes. This preliminary report is the first of its kind in Slovenia. To gain a better insight into the intersex issue in Slovenia, we plan to regularly biomonitor freshwater pollution by histologically examining fish gonads and, if possible, by determining vitellogenin plasma levels in fish.
摘要本初步研究的目的是确定斯洛文尼亚河流和溪流中的野生淡水鱼是否存在双性人。在第一项研究中，我们评估了从卢布尔雅尼察河源头到河口获得的所有两性鱼类。在第二项研究中，我们重点研究了来自斯洛文尼亚不同地区30条河流和溪流的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和褐鳟(Salmo trutta m. fario)雄性。对男性性腺进行组织学评估，以确定存在卵母细胞的频率和程度。在卢布尔雅那一条灰鲑(胸腺鱼)的睾丸组织和一条普通鲃(Barbus Barbus)睾丸附近的脂肪组织中都发现了卵母细胞。在一些鳟鱼睾丸中也发现了一些类似于退化卵母细胞的囊肿样结构。这份初步报告是斯洛文尼亚同类报告中的第一份。为了更好地了解斯洛文尼亚的双性人问题，我们计划定期对淡水污染进行生物监测，方法是对鱼的性腺进行组织学检查，如果可能的话，还可以测定鱼体内的卵黄原蛋白血浆水平。
{"title":"Occurrence of intersex in wild freshwater fish in Slovenian rivers: a histological evaluation","authors":"M. Vrecl, V. Jenčič","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this preliminary research was to establish if there are intersex occurrences in wild freshwater fish in Slovenian rivers and streams. In the first study we evaluated all fish species of both sexes obtained from the river Ljubljanica from its source to mouth. In the second study we focused on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) males from 30 rivers and streams in different parts of Slovenia. The male gonads were histologically assessed for the presence of oocytes to determine the frequency and degree of intersex. Oocytes were found in the testicular tissue of a single grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and in the adipose tissue adjacent to the testis of a single common barbel (Barbus barbus), both from the Ljubljanica. Several cyst-like structures that resemble degenerated presumptive oocytes were also present in several trout testes. This preliminary report is the first of its kind in Slovenia. To gain a better insight into the intersex issue in Slovenia, we plan to regularly biomonitor freshwater pollution by histologically examining fish gonads and, if possible, by determining vitellogenin plasma levels in fish.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"216 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73846690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-22DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780
I. Tlak Gajger, M. Kosanović, N. Bilandžić, M. Sedak, Bruno Čalopek
Abstract Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg-1) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.
{"title":"Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology","authors":"I. Tlak Gajger, M. Kosanović, N. Bilandžić, M. Sedak, Bruno Čalopek","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg-1) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"39 1","pages":"223 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78366949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2829
Vladica Čudić, D. Stojiljković, A. Jovović
Abstract Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs higher plants to cleanup contaminated environments, including metal-polluted soils. Because it produces a biomass rich in extracted toxic metals, further treatment of this biomass is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the five-year potential of the following native wild plants to produce biomass and remove heavy metals from a polluted site: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L). Average soil contamination with Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the root zone was 22,948.6 mg kg-1, 865.4 mg kg-1, 85,301.7 mg kg-1, 3,193.3 mg kg-1, 50.7 mg kg-1, 41.7 mg kg-1,and 617.9 mg kg-1, respectively. We measured moisture and ash content, concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the above-ground parts of the plants and in ash produced by combustion of the plants, plus gross calorific values. The plants’ phytoextraction and phytostabilisation potential was evaluated based on their bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). Mullein was identified as a hyperaccumulator for Cd. It also showed a higher gross calorific value (19,735 kJ kg-1) than ragweed (16,469 kJ kg-1).The results of this study suggest that mullein has a great potential for phytoextraction and for biomass generation, and that ragweed could be an effective tool of phytostabilisation.
{"title":"Phytoremediation potential of wild plants growing on soil contaminated with heavy metals","authors":"Vladica Čudić, D. Stojiljković, A. Jovović","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs higher plants to cleanup contaminated environments, including metal-polluted soils. Because it produces a biomass rich in extracted toxic metals, further treatment of this biomass is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the five-year potential of the following native wild plants to produce biomass and remove heavy metals from a polluted site: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L). Average soil contamination with Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the root zone was 22,948.6 mg kg-1, 865.4 mg kg-1, 85,301.7 mg kg-1, 3,193.3 mg kg-1, 50.7 mg kg-1, 41.7 mg kg-1,and 617.9 mg kg-1, respectively. We measured moisture and ash content, concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the above-ground parts of the plants and in ash produced by combustion of the plants, plus gross calorific values. The plants’ phytoextraction and phytostabilisation potential was evaluated based on their bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). Mullein was identified as a hyperaccumulator for Cd. It also showed a higher gross calorific value (19,735 kJ kg-1) than ragweed (16,469 kJ kg-1).The results of this study suggest that mullein has a great potential for phytoextraction and for biomass generation, and that ragweed could be an effective tool of phytostabilisation.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"466 1","pages":"229 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76829571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2801
Alja Plošnik, M. Vračko, M. Dolenc
Abstract Knowing the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chemicals is very important for their hazard (and risk) assessment. One of the crucial events that trigger genotoxic and sometimes carcinogenic effects is the forming of adducts between chemical compounds and nucleic acids and histones. This review takes a look at the mechanisms related to specific functional groups (structural alerts or toxicophores) that may trigger genotoxic or epigenetic effects in the cells. We present up-to-date information about defined structural alerts with their mechanisms and the software based on this knowledge (QSAR models and classification schemes).
{"title":"Mutagenic and carcinogenic structural alerts and their mechanisms of action","authors":"Alja Plošnik, M. Vračko, M. Dolenc","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowing the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chemicals is very important for their hazard (and risk) assessment. One of the crucial events that trigger genotoxic and sometimes carcinogenic effects is the forming of adducts between chemical compounds and nucleic acids and histones. This review takes a look at the mechanisms related to specific functional groups (structural alerts or toxicophores) that may trigger genotoxic or epigenetic effects in the cells. We present up-to-date information about defined structural alerts with their mechanisms and the software based on this knowledge (QSAR models and classification schemes).","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":"169 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72983574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2770
S. Pintarić, I. Zeljković, G. Pehnec, V. Nesek, Mislav Vrsalović, H. Pintarić
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and certain meteorological conditions had an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related emergency department (ED) visits in the metropolitan area of Zagreb. This retrospective, ecological study included 20,228 patients with a cardiovascular disease as their primary diagnosis who were examined in the EDs of two Croatian University Hospitals, Sisters of Charity and Holy Spirit, in the study period July 2008-June 2010. The median of daily CVD-related ED visits during the study period was 28 and was the highest during winter. A significant negative correlation was found between CVD-related emergency visits and air temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit, and the highest negative correlation coefficient was measured two days earlier (R=0.266, p≤0.001). The number of CVD-related emergency visits significantly correlated with the average NO2 concentration on the same day (R=0.191, p<0.001). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of CVD-related emergency visits depended on air temperature, and NO2 and O3 concentrations. The higher the air temperatures, the lower the number of daily CVD-related emergency visits (p<0.001). An increase in NO2 concentrations (p=0.005) and a decrease in O3 concentrations of two days earlier (p=0.006) led to an increase in CVD-related ED visits. In conclusion, the decrease in O3 concentrations and the increase in NO2, even if below the legally binding thresholds, could be associated with an increase in CVD-related emergency visits and a similar effect was observed with lower temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit.
{"title":"Impact of meteorological parameters and air pollution on emergency department visits for cardiovascular diseases in the city of Zagreb, Croatia","authors":"S. Pintarić, I. Zeljković, G. Pehnec, V. Nesek, Mislav Vrsalović, H. Pintarić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2770","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and certain meteorological conditions had an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related emergency department (ED) visits in the metropolitan area of Zagreb. This retrospective, ecological study included 20,228 patients with a cardiovascular disease as their primary diagnosis who were examined in the EDs of two Croatian University Hospitals, Sisters of Charity and Holy Spirit, in the study period July 2008-June 2010. The median of daily CVD-related ED visits during the study period was 28 and was the highest during winter. A significant negative correlation was found between CVD-related emergency visits and air temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit, and the highest negative correlation coefficient was measured two days earlier (R=0.266, p≤0.001). The number of CVD-related emergency visits significantly correlated with the average NO2 concentration on the same day (R=0.191, p<0.001). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of CVD-related emergency visits depended on air temperature, and NO2 and O3 concentrations. The higher the air temperatures, the lower the number of daily CVD-related emergency visits (p<0.001). An increase in NO2 concentrations (p=0.005) and a decrease in O3 concentrations of two days earlier (p=0.006) led to an increase in CVD-related ED visits. In conclusion, the decrease in O3 concentrations and the increase in NO2, even if below the legally binding thresholds, could be associated with an increase in CVD-related emergency visits and a similar effect was observed with lower temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"1638 1","pages":"240 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77724596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2774
A. Dzhambov
Abstract There is compelling evidence from animal experiments that noise exposure suppresses testosterone in males by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Virtually nothing is known about its effect in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association between occupational noise exposure and serum testosterone in a representative sample of the general population. The sample has been taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for the period between 1999 and 2004 and is limited to employed men aged 16-85+ years at the time. The associations between noise exposure (either established according to the Occupational Information Network - O*NET categories or self-reported) and total and free testosterone (TT and FT, respectively) were analysed using linear regression models with increasing adjustments. In the fully adjusted model (n=414), the third quartile of the O*NET noise exposure was associated with lower TT and FT, which reached statistically significant decrease of -58.32 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -111.22, -5.42) and -1.58 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -2.98, -0.18), respectively. In stratified analyses, younger, lower income, normal weight, better hearing, and workers not using hearing protection at work experienced significantly more severe adverse effects than the rest. The odds for hypogonadism (TT<300 ng dL-1) did not significantly rise with one interquartile range increment in O*NET noise exposure (OR=1.24, 95 % CI: 0.64, 2.39). Self-reported loud noise exposure did not significantly decrease TT when all men were considered (n=214) and only in the men ≥37 years did it decrease TT significantly by -87.55 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -158.35, -16.74). In conclusion, noise exposure was associated with lower TT and FT only in some population subgroups and these associations were non-linear.
来自动物实验的令人信服的证据表明，噪音暴露通过影响下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴来抑制雄性睾丸激素。实际上，人们对它对人类的影响一无所知。因此，本研究的目的是探讨职业性噪声暴露与普通人群中具有代表性的血清睾酮之间的关系。样本取自1999年至2004年期间国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)的数据，仅限于当时16-85岁以上的在职男性。噪音暴露(根据职业信息网络- O*NET类别建立或自我报告)与总睾酮和游离睾酮(分别为TT和FT)之间的关系使用线性回归模型进行了分析。在完全调整模型(n=414)中，O*NET噪声暴露的第三四分位数与较低的TT和FT相关，分别达到-58.32 ng dL-1 (95% CI: -111.22， -5.42)和-1.58 ng dL-1 (95% CI: -2.98， -0.18)，具有统计学意义。在分层分析中，较年轻、收入较低、体重正常、听力较好和在工作中不使用听力保护的工人比其他人经历了更严重的不良反应。性腺功能减退(TT<300 ng dL-1)的几率没有随着O*NET噪声暴露增加一个四分位数范围而显著增加(OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.64, 2.39)。当所有男性被考虑(n=214)时，自我报告的大声噪音暴露并没有显著降低TT，只有在≥37岁的男性中，它显著降低TT -87.55 ng dL-1 (95% CI: -158.35， -16.74)。综上所述，噪声暴露与较低的TT和FT仅在某些人群亚组中相关，并且这些关联是非线性的。
{"title":"Workplace noise exposure and serum testosterone in men enrolled in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"A. Dzhambov","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2774","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is compelling evidence from animal experiments that noise exposure suppresses testosterone in males by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Virtually nothing is known about its effect in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association between occupational noise exposure and serum testosterone in a representative sample of the general population. The sample has been taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for the period between 1999 and 2004 and is limited to employed men aged 16-85+ years at the time. The associations between noise exposure (either established according to the Occupational Information Network - O*NET categories or self-reported) and total and free testosterone (TT and FT, respectively) were analysed using linear regression models with increasing adjustments. In the fully adjusted model (n=414), the third quartile of the O*NET noise exposure was associated with lower TT and FT, which reached statistically significant decrease of -58.32 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -111.22, -5.42) and -1.58 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -2.98, -0.18), respectively. In stratified analyses, younger, lower income, normal weight, better hearing, and workers not using hearing protection at work experienced significantly more severe adverse effects than the rest. The odds for hypogonadism (TT<300 ng dL-1) did not significantly rise with one interquartile range increment in O*NET noise exposure (OR=1.24, 95 % CI: 0.64, 2.39). Self-reported loud noise exposure did not significantly decrease TT when all men were considered (n=214) and only in the men ≥37 years did it decrease TT significantly by -87.55 ng dL-1 (95 % CI: -158.35, -16.74). In conclusion, noise exposure was associated with lower TT and FT only in some population subgroups and these associations were non-linear.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"70 1","pages":"247 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80941636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2762
Hatice Baş, D. Pandır, S. Kalender
Abstract Furan forms as a result of thermal treatment of food and induces harmful effects on organisms. In our work, lycopene, furan, and a combination of the two were given to diabetic male rats for 28 days. Hematological changes, total protein and cholesterol, triglyceride, and albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities of the serum, malondialdehyde levels, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities, DNA damage in liver tissues and hepatic histopathological alterations were compared to a control group. There were significant changes in the liver function tests, DNA damage, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde levels between diabetic control and non-diabetic control groups, between diabetic control and diabetic lycopene groups, and also between diabetic furan and diabetic control groups. In diabetic lycopene and diabetic furan + lycopene treated groups we designated the preventive effects of lycopene against diabetes and furan, however, on the analysed parameters only. In spite of some pathological alterations designated in diabetic furan treated group’s liver, fewer pathological alterations were observed in furan+lycopene treated groups at the end of week 4. Consequently, lycopene significantly reduced furan- and diabetes-induced toxicity in rat liver.
{"title":"Furan-induced hepatotoxic and hematologic changes in diabetic rats: the protective role of lycopene","authors":"Hatice Baş, D. Pandır, S. Kalender","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Furan forms as a result of thermal treatment of food and induces harmful effects on organisms. In our work, lycopene, furan, and a combination of the two were given to diabetic male rats for 28 days. Hematological changes, total protein and cholesterol, triglyceride, and albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities of the serum, malondialdehyde levels, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities, DNA damage in liver tissues and hepatic histopathological alterations were compared to a control group. There were significant changes in the liver function tests, DNA damage, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde levels between diabetic control and non-diabetic control groups, between diabetic control and diabetic lycopene groups, and also between diabetic furan and diabetic control groups. In diabetic lycopene and diabetic furan + lycopene treated groups we designated the preventive effects of lycopene against diabetes and furan, however, on the analysed parameters only. In spite of some pathological alterations designated in diabetic furan treated group’s liver, fewer pathological alterations were observed in furan+lycopene treated groups at the end of week 4. Consequently, lycopene significantly reduced furan- and diabetes-induced toxicity in rat liver.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"73 1","pages":"194 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85936031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2784
Behrooz Hashemi-Domeneh, N. Zamani, H. Hassanian‐Moghaddam, Mitra Rahimi, S. Shadnia, Peyman Erfantalab, A. Ostadi
Abstract The use of pesticides such as aluminium phosphide (AlP) has increased in the recent years and improved the quantity and quality of agricultural products in a number of developing countries. The downside is that AlP causes severe chronic and acute health effects that have reached major proportions in countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh, and Jordan. Nearly 300,000 people die due to pesticide poisoning in the world every year. Poisoning with AlP accounts for many of these deaths. Unfortunately, at the same time, there is no standard treatment for it. The aim of this article is to give a brief review of AlP poisoning and propose a treatment flowchart based on the knowledge gained so far. For this purpose we reviewed all articles on the management of AlP poisoning published from 2000 till now. Using a modified Delphi design, we have designed a handy flowchart that could be used as a guide for AlP poisoning management of patients in emergency centres.
{"title":"A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it","authors":"Behrooz Hashemi-Domeneh, N. Zamani, H. Hassanian‐Moghaddam, Mitra Rahimi, S. Shadnia, Peyman Erfantalab, A. Ostadi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2784","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of pesticides such as aluminium phosphide (AlP) has increased in the recent years and improved the quantity and quality of agricultural products in a number of developing countries. The downside is that AlP causes severe chronic and acute health effects that have reached major proportions in countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh, and Jordan. Nearly 300,000 people die due to pesticide poisoning in the world every year. Poisoning with AlP accounts for many of these deaths. Unfortunately, at the same time, there is no standard treatment for it. The aim of this article is to give a brief review of AlP poisoning and propose a treatment flowchart based on the knowledge gained so far. For this purpose we reviewed all articles on the management of AlP poisoning published from 2000 till now. Using a modified Delphi design, we have designed a handy flowchart that could be used as a guide for AlP poisoning management of patients in emergency centres.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"133 1","pages":"183 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80022638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863
S. Marashi
A 17-year-old female was admitted to our emergency room 30 min after suicidal ingestion of about 10 g Tramadol. The patient had several short-lived clonic seizures before admission. On arrival, she had an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, lasting for three minutes, which lead to cardiopulmonary arrest after administration of 10 mg diazepam intravenously. Endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted. After 30 min, normal sinus rhythm with a palpable pulse was noted, and the patient was put on mechanical ventilation and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her vital signs were stable with vasopressor medication support (norepinephrine infusion at 10 μg min-1). She had repeated short-lived tonic-clonic seizure-like movements, which responded well to midazolam. Her past medical and family history was negative for seizure, heart diseases, and hereditary disorders. Repeated neurological examination indicated that the patient had no motor response to pain and had fixed dilated pupils without corneal and vestibuloocular reflexes. About 48 h after admission to the ICU, she experienced asystole, which did not respond to resuscitation. Tramadol HCl is a synthetic opioid drug that blocks reuptake of monoamine and inhibits NMDA glutamatergic activity, while it has low affinity for mu-opioid receptors (1). It has a low potential for abuse and is usually prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain (2). Tramadol is mainly metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and its active metabolites are responsible for complications, meaning that in a CYP2D6 rapid metaboliser patient excessive side effects may develop within a short time following its overdose (2, 3). It has been reported that the LD50 value for Tramadol is about 300-350 mg kg-1 body weight in animal models (4). However, reviewing the literature, we found that it is generally considered to be non–life threatening in humans, hence, co-ingestion of Tramadol and other agents such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, and CNS depressants is occasionally reported from toxicological samples of postmortem human specimens (2, 5). In fact, there are only a few case reports of human fatality due to Tramadol overdose alone (2). It has been suggested that CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metaboliser patients may develop fatal complications (5). As its overstated toxic manifestations and accordingly its fatality are prospected during the first hours, which is related to its metabolism (5), this time is crucial in patient's care. Moreover, in the emergency situation, we have no idea about the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 in patients with Tramadol overdose, which can be induced by other drugs. Therefore, as cardiopulmonary arrest can be a fatal complication (5), we strongly suggest that all patients with exaggerated signs or symptoms of toxicity who consumed more than 150 mg kg-1 (the half dose of LD50 values in animal models) of Tramadol (4), should be intubated prophylactic
{"title":"How much Tramadol should be considered lethal in overdose?","authors":"S. Marashi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","url":null,"abstract":"A 17-year-old female was admitted to our emergency room 30 min after suicidal ingestion of about 10 g Tramadol. The patient had several short-lived clonic seizures before admission. On arrival, she had an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, lasting for three minutes, which lead to cardiopulmonary arrest after administration of 10 mg diazepam intravenously. Endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted. After 30 min, normal sinus rhythm with a palpable pulse was noted, and the patient was put on mechanical ventilation and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her vital signs were stable with vasopressor medication support (norepinephrine infusion at 10 μg min-1). She had repeated short-lived tonic-clonic seizure-like movements, which responded well to midazolam. Her past medical and family history was negative for seizure, heart diseases, and hereditary disorders. Repeated neurological examination indicated that the patient had no motor response to pain and had fixed dilated pupils without corneal and vestibuloocular reflexes. About 48 h after admission to the ICU, she experienced asystole, which did not respond to resuscitation. Tramadol HCl is a synthetic opioid drug that blocks reuptake of monoamine and inhibits NMDA glutamatergic activity, while it has low affinity for mu-opioid receptors (1). It has a low potential for abuse and is usually prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain (2). Tramadol is mainly metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and its active metabolites are responsible for complications, meaning that in a CYP2D6 rapid metaboliser patient excessive side effects may develop within a short time following its overdose (2, 3). It has been reported that the LD50 value for Tramadol is about 300-350 mg kg-1 body weight in animal models (4). However, reviewing the literature, we found that it is generally considered to be non–life threatening in humans, hence, co-ingestion of Tramadol and other agents such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, and CNS depressants is occasionally reported from toxicological samples of postmortem human specimens (2, 5). In fact, there are only a few case reports of human fatality due to Tramadol overdose alone (2). It has been suggested that CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metaboliser patients may develop fatal complications (5). As its overstated toxic manifestations and accordingly its fatality are prospected during the first hours, which is related to its metabolism (5), this time is crucial in patient's care. Moreover, in the emergency situation, we have no idea about the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 in patients with Tramadol overdose, which can be induced by other drugs. Therefore, as cardiopulmonary arrest can be a fatal complication (5), we strongly suggest that all patients with exaggerated signs or symptoms of toxicity who consumed more than 150 mg kg-1 (the half dose of LD50 values in animal models) of Tramadol (4), should be intubated prophylactic","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"57 8 1","pages":"259 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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