Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863
S. Marashi
A 17-year-old female was admitted to our emergency room 30 min after suicidal ingestion of about 10 g Tramadol. The patient had several short-lived clonic seizures before admission. On arrival, she had an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, lasting for three minutes, which lead to cardiopulmonary arrest after administration of 10 mg diazepam intravenously. Endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted. After 30 min, normal sinus rhythm with a palpable pulse was noted, and the patient was put on mechanical ventilation and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her vital signs were stable with vasopressor medication support (norepinephrine infusion at 10 μg min-1). She had repeated short-lived tonic-clonic seizure-like movements, which responded well to midazolam. Her past medical and family history was negative for seizure, heart diseases, and hereditary disorders. Repeated neurological examination indicated that the patient had no motor response to pain and had fixed dilated pupils without corneal and vestibuloocular reflexes. About 48 h after admission to the ICU, she experienced asystole, which did not respond to resuscitation. Tramadol HCl is a synthetic opioid drug that blocks reuptake of monoamine and inhibits NMDA glutamatergic activity, while it has low affinity for mu-opioid receptors (1). It has a low potential for abuse and is usually prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain (2). Tramadol is mainly metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and its active metabolites are responsible for complications, meaning that in a CYP2D6 rapid metaboliser patient excessive side effects may develop within a short time following its overdose (2, 3). It has been reported that the LD50 value for Tramadol is about 300-350 mg kg-1 body weight in animal models (4). However, reviewing the literature, we found that it is generally considered to be non–life threatening in humans, hence, co-ingestion of Tramadol and other agents such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, and CNS depressants is occasionally reported from toxicological samples of postmortem human specimens (2, 5). In fact, there are only a few case reports of human fatality due to Tramadol overdose alone (2). It has been suggested that CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metaboliser patients may develop fatal complications (5). As its overstated toxic manifestations and accordingly its fatality are prospected during the first hours, which is related to its metabolism (5), this time is crucial in patient's care. Moreover, in the emergency situation, we have no idea about the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 in patients with Tramadol overdose, which can be induced by other drugs. Therefore, as cardiopulmonary arrest can be a fatal complication (5), we strongly suggest that all patients with exaggerated signs or symptoms of toxicity who consumed more than 150 mg kg-1 (the half dose of LD50 values in animal models) of Tramadol (4), should be intubated prophylactic
{"title":"How much Tramadol should be considered lethal in overdose?","authors":"S. Marashi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","url":null,"abstract":"A 17-year-old female was admitted to our emergency room 30 min after suicidal ingestion of about 10 g Tramadol. The patient had several short-lived clonic seizures before admission. On arrival, she had an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, lasting for three minutes, which lead to cardiopulmonary arrest after administration of 10 mg diazepam intravenously. Endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted. After 30 min, normal sinus rhythm with a palpable pulse was noted, and the patient was put on mechanical ventilation and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her vital signs were stable with vasopressor medication support (norepinephrine infusion at 10 μg min-1). She had repeated short-lived tonic-clonic seizure-like movements, which responded well to midazolam. Her past medical and family history was negative for seizure, heart diseases, and hereditary disorders. Repeated neurological examination indicated that the patient had no motor response to pain and had fixed dilated pupils without corneal and vestibuloocular reflexes. About 48 h after admission to the ICU, she experienced asystole, which did not respond to resuscitation. Tramadol HCl is a synthetic opioid drug that blocks reuptake of monoamine and inhibits NMDA glutamatergic activity, while it has low affinity for mu-opioid receptors (1). It has a low potential for abuse and is usually prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain (2). Tramadol is mainly metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and its active metabolites are responsible for complications, meaning that in a CYP2D6 rapid metaboliser patient excessive side effects may develop within a short time following its overdose (2, 3). It has been reported that the LD50 value for Tramadol is about 300-350 mg kg-1 body weight in animal models (4). However, reviewing the literature, we found that it is generally considered to be non–life threatening in humans, hence, co-ingestion of Tramadol and other agents such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, and CNS depressants is occasionally reported from toxicological samples of postmortem human specimens (2, 5). In fact, there are only a few case reports of human fatality due to Tramadol overdose alone (2). It has been suggested that CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metaboliser patients may develop fatal complications (5). As its overstated toxic manifestations and accordingly its fatality are prospected during the first hours, which is related to its metabolism (5), this time is crucial in patient's care. Moreover, in the emergency situation, we have no idea about the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 in patients with Tramadol overdose, which can be induced by other drugs. Therefore, as cardiopulmonary arrest can be a fatal complication (5), we strongly suggest that all patients with exaggerated signs or symptoms of toxicity who consumed more than 150 mg kg-1 (the half dose of LD50 values in animal models) of Tramadol (4), should be intubated prophylactic","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"57 8 1","pages":"259 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2679
R. Liscic
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by signs of deteriorating motor and cognitive functions, and short survival. The cause is unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. For ALS, there is only a drug Riluzole and a promising substance arimoclomol. The overlap between ALS and FTD occurs at clinical, genetic, and pathological levels. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic (SALS) and a subset of patients has an inherited form of the disease, familial ALS (FALS), with a common SOD1 mutation, also present in SALS. A few of the mutant genes identified in FALS have also been found in SALS. Recently, hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 gene were found to comprise the largest fraction of ALS- and FTD-causing mutations known to date. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), encoded by the TARDBP gene, has been identified as the pathological protein of FALS, SALS and, less frequently, FTD. The less frequent TDP-43 pathology in other forms of familial FTD has been linked to a range of mutations in GRN, FUS/TLS, rarely VCP, and other genes. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS have striking structural and functional similarities, most likely implicating altered RNA processing as a major event in ALS pathogenesis. The clinical overlap of the symptoms of FTD and ALS is complemented by overlapping neuropathology, with intracellular inclusions composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, TDP-43 and less frequently FUS, or unknown ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches continue to emerge, by targeting SOD1, TDP-43 or GRN proteins. This review addresses new advances that are being made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of both diseases, which may eventually translate into new treatment options. Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) i frontotemporalna demencija (FTD) neurodegenerativni su poremećaji koji su povezani znakovima pogoršanja motoričkih i kognitivnih funkcija i kratkim vremenom preživljavanja. Uzrok je nepoznat i trenutačno ne postoji učinkovita terapija, tek lijek Riluzol i obećavajuća nova tvar arimoclomol za liječenje ALS-a. Preklapanje između ALS-a i FTD-a odvija se na kliničkoj, genetičkoj i patološkoj razini. Većina slučajeva ALS-a je sporadična (SALS), a podskupina bolesnika ima naslijeđeni oblik bolesti, obiteljski ALS (FALS), sa zajedničkom mutacijom SOD1, koja je prisutna i kod SALS-a. Nekoliko mutiranih gena koji su utvrđeni u FALS-u, pronađeni su i u SALS-u. Nedavno je utvrđeno da ponavljajući sljedovi heksanukleotida u genu C9orf72 sadrže najveću frakciju mutacija koje uzrokuju ALS i FTD, koja je poznata do danas. TAR DNA-povezujući protein 43 (TDP-43), koji kodira gen TARDBP, identificiran je kao patološki protein FALS-a, SALS-a i rjeđe FTD-a. Rjeđa TDP-43 patologija u drugim oblicima obiteljskoga FTD-a vezana je uz niz mutacija u GRN-u, FUS/TLS-u, rijetko VCP-u i drugim genima. TDP-43 i FUS/ TLS imaju velike strukturne i funkcion
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆(FTD)是神经退行性疾病，与运动和认知功能恶化的迹象相关，生存期短。病因不明，目前也没有有效的治疗方法。对于肌萎缩性侧索硬化症，只有一种药物利鲁唑和一种很有前景的药物阿莫洛莫尔。ALS和FTD之间的重叠发生在临床、遗传和病理水平。大多数ALS病例是散发性(SALS)，一部分患者具有遗传性疾病，家族性ALS (FALS)，具有常见的SOD1突变，也存在于SALS中。在FALS中发现的一些突变基因也在SALS中被发现。最近，C9ORF72基因的六核苷酸重复扩增被发现包含了迄今为止已知的引起ALS和ftd的突变的最大比例。由TARDBP基因编码的TAR dna结合蛋白43 (TDP-43)已被鉴定为FALS、SALS以及少见的FTD的病理蛋白。在其他形式的家族性FTD中，较少见的TDP-43病理与GRN、FUS/TLS、极少的VCP和其他基因的一系列突变有关。TDP-43和FUS/TLS具有惊人的结构和功能相似性，很可能暗示RNA加工的改变是ALS发病机制的主要事件。FTD和ALS症状的临床重叠与神经病理重叠相辅相成，细胞内包涵体由微管相关蛋白tau、TDP-43和较少出现的FUS或未知的泛素化蛋白组成。此外，新的治疗方法不断出现，通过靶向SOD1, TDP-43或GRN蛋白。这篇综述阐述了我们对这两种疾病的分子机制的理解所取得的新进展，这些进展最终可能转化为新的治疗方案。amiotrofina na lateral skleroza (ALS) i额颞叶痴呆(FTD)神经退行性退行性su poremećaji koji su povezani znakovima pogoršanja motori kih i cognnitivnih funkcija i kratkim vremom preživljavanja。Uzrok je nepoznat i trenutta no ne postoji uinkovita terapija, tek lijek Riluzol i obećavajuća nova tvar armoclomool za lijeje enje ALS-a。Preklapanje između ALS-a i FTD-a odvija se na klini koj, geneti koj i patološkoj razini。Većina sluajeva ALS-a je sporadi na (SALS)， a podskupina bolesnika ima naslijeđeni oblik bolesti, obiteljski ALS (FALS)， sa zajednikom mutacijom SOD1, koja je prisutna i kod ALS-a。Nekoliko mutiranih gena koji su utvrđeni u FALS-u, pronađeni su i u SALS-u。Nedavno je utvrđeno da ponavljajući sljedovi heksanukleotida u genu C9orf72 sadrže najveću frakciju mutacija koje uzrokuju ALS i FTD, koja je poznata do danas。TAR DNA-povezujući蛋白43 (TDP-43)， koji kodira gen TARDBP，鉴定jao patološki蛋白FALS-a, SALS-a和rjeđe FTD-a。Rjeđa TDP-43的病理病理特征与药物致癌变的关系;ftd - 1的病理特征与GRN-u、FUS/TLS-u、rijetko VCP-u的关系;TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43] / TDP-43 [f] / TDP-43] / TDP-43klini preklapanje simoma FTD-a i ALS-a nadopunjuje se preklapajućom神经病理学，s unutarstaninim inkluzijama koje se sastojed protein tau povezanog s微管，TDP-43 i rjeđe FUS-a nepoznatih ubikvitiniranih protein。Nadalje, pojavljuju se novi terapijski pristupi koji ciljaju na SOD1, TDP-43 ili GRN蛋白。ojii pregledni和daje - daje - uvid的新发现，分子分子的机械化，obiju - bolesti - koja, se potenticicijalno mogla prevoriti to nove mogućnosti lijeje enja。
{"title":"Molecular basis of ALS and FTD: implications for translational studies / Molekularna osnova ALS-a i FTD-a: implikacije za translacijska istraživanja","authors":"R. Liscic","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2679","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by signs of deteriorating motor and cognitive functions, and short survival. The cause is unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. For ALS, there is only a drug Riluzole and a promising substance arimoclomol. The overlap between ALS and FTD occurs at clinical, genetic, and pathological levels. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic (SALS) and a subset of patients has an inherited form of the disease, familial ALS (FALS), with a common SOD1 mutation, also present in SALS. A few of the mutant genes identified in FALS have also been found in SALS. Recently, hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 gene were found to comprise the largest fraction of ALS- and FTD-causing mutations known to date. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), encoded by the TARDBP gene, has been identified as the pathological protein of FALS, SALS and, less frequently, FTD. The less frequent TDP-43 pathology in other forms of familial FTD has been linked to a range of mutations in GRN, FUS/TLS, rarely VCP, and other genes. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS have striking structural and functional similarities, most likely implicating altered RNA processing as a major event in ALS pathogenesis. The clinical overlap of the symptoms of FTD and ALS is complemented by overlapping neuropathology, with intracellular inclusions composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, TDP-43 and less frequently FUS, or unknown ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches continue to emerge, by targeting SOD1, TDP-43 or GRN proteins. This review addresses new advances that are being made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of both diseases, which may eventually translate into new treatment options. Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) i frontotemporalna demencija (FTD) neurodegenerativni su poremećaji koji su povezani znakovima pogoršanja motoričkih i kognitivnih funkcija i kratkim vremenom preživljavanja. Uzrok je nepoznat i trenutačno ne postoji učinkovita terapija, tek lijek Riluzol i obećavajuća nova tvar arimoclomol za liječenje ALS-a. Preklapanje između ALS-a i FTD-a odvija se na kliničkoj, genetičkoj i patološkoj razini. Većina slučajeva ALS-a je sporadična (SALS), a podskupina bolesnika ima naslijeđeni oblik bolesti, obiteljski ALS (FALS), sa zajedničkom mutacijom SOD1, koja je prisutna i kod SALS-a. Nekoliko mutiranih gena koji su utvrđeni u FALS-u, pronađeni su i u SALS-u. Nedavno je utvrđeno da ponavljajući sljedovi heksanukleotida u genu C9orf72 sadrže najveću frakciju mutacija koje uzrokuju ALS i FTD, koja je poznata do danas. TAR DNA-povezujući protein 43 (TDP-43), koji kodira gen TARDBP, identificiran je kao patološki protein FALS-a, SALS-a i rjeđe FTD-a. Rjeđa TDP-43 patologija u drugim oblicima obiteljskoga FTD-a vezana je uz niz mutacija u GRN-u, FUS/TLS-u, rijetko VCP-u i drugim genima. TDP-43 i FUS/ TLS imaju velike strukturne i funkcion","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"9 1","pages":"285 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90726066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2686
Rok Fink, Andreja Kukec, Ivan Eržen
Slovene press has recently expressed concern for the health of children who ingest playground sand contaminated with lead. However, current assessments may be overestimating the health risk, as they assume that human body absorbs the whole amount of a contaminant. The aim of our study was to see how much lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia really is absorbed and what health risk it may present. To do that, we ran bioaccessibility tests to simulate metabolism and see how digestion affects lead levels. Our results show low bioaccessibility of lead from sand (0.01- 36.84 %). Taking into account lead bioaccessibility, we ran several scenarios of sand ingestion in children and established that in general the risk is negligible, except for pica behaviour with extremely high (20 g) ingestion of sand with highly mobilised lead (2.69 μg g-1). Further research should assess real-life exposure to lead from playground sand in children and perhaps update these preliminary bioaccessibility data. V zadnjem obdobju so se v Sloveniji pojavili številni pomisleki o varnosti mivke, ki je namenjena za otroške peskovnike. Ocena tveganja otrok, ki so izpostavljeni svincu temelji na predpostavki, da je celotna količina toksične kovine biološko dostopna. Zato je bil namen raziskave analizirati biološko dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen za peskovnike otroških igrišč. Z simulacijo prebavnega trakta smo analizirali vpliv prebavnih sokov za izplavljanje svinca iz mivke. Rezultati kažejo na majhno biodostopnost svinca v mivki (0,01-36,84 %) slovenskih proizvajalcev. Na podlagi biološke dostopnosti smo simulirali različne scenarije vnosa in ugotovili, da je tveganje zanemarljivo, razen v primeru pica sindroma (zaužitje 20 g mivke) ter ob predpostavki največje dokazane biološke dostopnosti (2,69 μg g-1). Raziskave v prihodnosti bodo vključevale realno izpostavljenost otrok svincu iz peskovnikov in bodo morda nadgradile preliminarno raziskavo.
斯洛文尼亚新闻界最近对儿童摄入被铅污染的操场沙子的健康表示关注。然而，目前的评估可能高估了健康风险，因为它们假设人体吸收了污染物的全部量。我们研究的目的是了解斯洛文尼亚用于操场沙箱的沙子中有多少铅真正被吸收了，以及它可能带来的健康风险。为了做到这一点，我们进行了生物可及性测试来模拟新陈代谢，看看消化是如何影响铅水平的。结果表明，砂土中铅的生物可达性较低(0.01 ~ 36.84%)。考虑到铅的生物可及性，我们运行了儿童摄入沙子的几个场景，并确定一般情况下风险可以忽略不计，除了异食症行为，极高(20克)摄入含高流动性铅的沙子(2.69 μg -1)。进一步的研究应该评估儿童在现实生活中从游乐场的沙子中接触铅的情况，并可能更新这些初步的生物可及性数据。V zadnjem obdobju so se V Sloveniji pojavili številni pomisleki o varnosti mivke, ki je namenjena za otroške peskovnike。Ocena tveganja otrok, ki so izpostavljeni svincu temelji na predpostavki, da je celotna kooliina toksikne kovine biološko dostopna。Zato je bilenen raziskave analyizirati biološko dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen za peskovnike otroških igrišč。在此基础上，建立了一种新的研究方法，并对该方法进行了分析。Rezultati kažejo na majhno biodostopnost svinca v mivki(0,01-36,84 %)斯洛文尼亚proizvajalcev。Na podlagi biološke dostopnosti smo simulirali razli， ne场景vnosa在ugotovili, da je tveganje zanemarljivo, razen v原发性异食症(zaužitje 20 g mivke)， ter ob predpostavki najve je dokazane biološke dostopnosti (2,69 μg -1)。Raziskave v prihodnosti bodo vkljuv评估realno izizpostavavljenotrok svincu iz peskovnikov在bodo morda和gradile预审no raziskkavo。
{"title":"Bioaccessibility of lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia: a preliminary study / Biološka dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen otroškim peskovnikom v Sloveniji","authors":"Rok Fink, Andreja Kukec, Ivan Eržen","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2686","url":null,"abstract":"Slovene press has recently expressed concern for the health of children who ingest playground sand contaminated with lead. However, current assessments may be overestimating the health risk, as they assume that human body absorbs the whole amount of a contaminant. The aim of our study was to see how much lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia really is absorbed and what health risk it may present. To do that, we ran bioaccessibility tests to simulate metabolism and see how digestion affects lead levels. Our results show low bioaccessibility of lead from sand (0.01- 36.84 %). Taking into account lead bioaccessibility, we ran several scenarios of sand ingestion in children and established that in general the risk is negligible, except for pica behaviour with extremely high (20 g) ingestion of sand with highly mobilised lead (2.69 μg g-1). Further research should assess real-life exposure to lead from playground sand in children and perhaps update these preliminary bioaccessibility data. V zadnjem obdobju so se v Sloveniji pojavili številni pomisleki o varnosti mivke, ki je namenjena za otroške peskovnike. Ocena tveganja otrok, ki so izpostavljeni svincu temelji na predpostavki, da je celotna količina toksične kovine biološko dostopna. Zato je bil namen raziskave analizirati biološko dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen za peskovnike otroških igrišč. Z simulacijo prebavnega trakta smo analizirali vpliv prebavnih sokov za izplavljanje svinca iz mivke. Rezultati kažejo na majhno biodostopnost svinca v mivki (0,01-36,84 %) slovenskih proizvajalcev. Na podlagi biološke dostopnosti smo simulirali različne scenarije vnosa in ugotovili, da je tveganje zanemarljivo, razen v primeru pica sindroma (zaužitje 20 g mivke) ter ob predpostavki največje dokazane biološke dostopnosti (2,69 μg g-1). Raziskave v prihodnosti bodo vključevale realno izpostavljenost otrok svincu iz peskovnikov in bodo morda nadgradile preliminarno raziskavo.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"90 1","pages":"309 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85953299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2653
K. Bíliková, Tatiana Krištof Kraková, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi
Until now, the properties of honey have been defined based exclusively on the content of plant components in the nectar of given plant. We showed that apalbumin1, the major royal jelly (RJ) protein, is an authentic and regular component of honey. Apalbumin1 and other RJ proteins and peptides are responsible for the immunostimulatory properties and antibiotic activity of honey. For the quantification of apalbumin1, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal anti-apalbumin1 antibody. The method is suitable for honey authenticity determination; moreover it is useful for detection of the honey, honeybee pollen and RJ in products of medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, and food industry, where presences of these honeybee products are declared. Results from the analysis for presence and amount of apalbumin1 in honeys will be used for high-throughput screening of honey samples over the world. On the basis of our experiments which show that royal jelly proteins are regular and physiologically active components of honey we propose to change the definition of honey (according to the EU Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) as follows: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secretions of plants, or excretions of plant sucking insects, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with major royal jelly proteins and other specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Do sada su svojstva meda bila definirana isključivo na temelju sadržaja komponenti nektara određene biljke. Mi smo pokazali da je apalbumin1, glavni protein matične mliječi, izvoran i uobičajeni sastojak meda. Apalbumin1, ostali proteini matične mliječi i peptidi odgovorni su za imunostimulatorna svojstva i antibiotsko djelovanje meda. Korištenjem poliklonalnog anti-apalbumin 1 protutijela osmišljen je imunoenzimski test (ELISA) za kvantifikaciju apalbumina 1. Metoda je ne samo prikladna za utvrđivanje izvornosti meda nego i korisna za detekciju meda, peluda i matične mliječi u medicinskim, farmaceutskim, kozmetičkim i prehrambenim proizvodima na kojima je naznačena prisutnost pčelinjih proizvoda. Rezultati analize prisutnosti i količine apalbumina 1 koristit će se za probir velike količine uzoraka meda diljem svijeta. Na temelju naših eksperimenata, koji pokazuju da su proteini matične mliječi uobičajene i fiziološki aktivne komponente meda, predlažemo izmjenu definicije meda (na temelju Direktive EU-a o medu 2001/110/EC): Med je prirodna slatka tvar koju pčele proizvode od nektara ili izlučevina biljaka ili izlučevina insekata koji sišu biljke. Nju pčele skupljaju, pretvaraju kombinacijom glavnih proteina matične mliječi i ostalih vlastitih specifičnih tvari, polažu, dehidriraju, pohranjuju i ostavljaju u saću da sazrije.
到目前为止，蜂蜜的性质完全是根据给定植物的花蜜中植物成分的含量来定义的。我们发现，蜂王浆(RJ)的主要蛋白apalbumin1是蜂蜜的一种真正的常规成分。Apalbumin1和其他RJ蛋白和肽负责蜂蜜的免疫刺激特性和抗生素活性。采用多克隆抗apalbumin1抗体建立酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量测定apalbumin1。该方法适用于蜂蜜的真实性测定;此外，它还可用于检测药品，制药，化妆品和食品工业产品中的蜂蜜，蜜蜂花粉和RJ，这些产品声明存在这些蜜蜂产品。分析蜂蜜中apalbumin1的存在和数量的结果将用于世界各地蜂蜜样品的高通量筛选。根据我们的实验，蜂王浆蛋白是蜂蜜的常规和生理活性成分，我们建议改变蜂蜜的定义(根据欧盟蜂蜜指令2001/110/EC)如下:蜂蜜是蜜蜂从植物的花蜜或植物的分泌物，或植物吸吮昆虫的排泄物中提取出来的一种天然甜物质，蜜蜂将其收集起来，与自身的主要蜂王浆蛋白和其他特定物质结合转化，沉淀、脱水、储存并留在蜂巢中成熟和成熟。Do sada su svojstva meda bila definirana isklju_ivo na temelju sadržaja komponenti nektara određene biljke。Mi smo pokazali da je apalbumin1, glavni蛋白matimnemlije i, izvoran i uobi， ajeni sastojak介质。Apalbumin1, ostali protein matimne mlije i i i peptide odgovorni su，免疫刺激剂svojstva，抗生素jlovanje meas。Korištenjem poliklonalnog抗apalbumin1 protutijela osmišljen je免疫enzimski试验(ELISA) za kvantifikaciju apalbumin1。Metoda je ne samo prikladna za utvrđivanje izvornosti媒体nego i korisna za detekciju媒体，peluda i matii nem mlijej i i medicinskim, farmaceuticals, kozmetikim i prerambenim proizvodima na kojima je naznana priutnost pellinjih proizvoda。Rezultati分析了prisutnosti koliine apalbumina 1 koristit će se za probir velike koliine uzoraka meda diljem svijeta。Na temelju naših eksperimenata, koji pokazuju da su proteini matine mlije i uobi ajene fiziološki aktivne komponente meda, predlažemo izmjenu definicije meda (Na temelju directive EU-a - o medu 2001/110/EC): Med je prirodna slatka tvar koju p ele proizvode od nektara ili izlu biljaka ili izlu evina insekata koji sišu biljke。Nju p ele skupljaju, prevaraju kombinacijom glavnih proteina mati ne mlije i i ostalih vlastitih specifi nih tvari, polažu, dehidriraju, pohranjuju i ostavljaju saću da sazrije。
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Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2715
Mira Zovko, Ž. Vidaković-Cifrek, Želimira Cvetković, J. Bošnir, Sandra Šikić
Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms. Akrilamid je monomer koji se koristi kao intermedijer u proizvodnji organskih kemikalija, npr. poliakrilamida (PAM-a). PAM se primjenjuje u različitim industrijama te u obradi otpadnih voda i tretmanu vode za piće, a prihvatljiv je i zbog niske cijene. Široka upotreba PAM-a u spomenute svrhe predstavlja rizik od toga da određena količina nepolimeriziranog akrilamida dospije u vodene ekosustave. PAM je netoksičan, ali akrilamid ima neurotoksične učinke u ljudi te je također dokazana njegova genotoksičnost, kancerogenost i štetan utjecaj na reprodukcijski sustav u laboratorijskih životinja. U cilju procjene toksičnosti akrilamida provedeni su biotestovi na četirima vrstama slatkovodnih organizama: na zelenim algama Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, vodenoj leći Lemna minor i vodenbuhi Daphnia magna. Biotestovi su provedeni prema standardiziranim ISO metodama, što osigurava procjenu toksičnosti akrilamida na organizme različitog stupnja organizacije, usporedivost rezultata i procjenu pogodnosti korištenja niza standardiziranih biotestova prihvatljive cijene za praćenje zagađenja i onečišćenja vodnih ekosustava. Rezultati su pokazali da su EC50 vrijednosti niže nakon izlaganja zelenih algi Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata akrilamidu u odnosu na vrijednosti dobivene za vodenu leću Lemn
丙烯酰胺是一种广泛用于生产有机化学品的中间体，如聚丙烯酰胺(pam)。由于pam是一种低成本的化学物质，应用于各种工业以及废水和饮用水处理，因此预计会有一定数量的未聚合的丙烯酰胺最终进入水道。PAMs是无毒的，但丙烯酰胺对人类有神经毒性作用，对实验动物有遗传毒性、生殖毒性和致癌作用。为了评价丙烯酰胺对淡水生物的影响，根据ISO (International Organization for standardization)标准方法，对4种淡水生物进行了生物测定:亚spicatus Desmodesmus和Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata，浮萍lena minor和水蚤Daphnia magna。这种方法确保评估丙烯酰胺对具有不同组织水平的生物体的毒性和结果的可比性，并检查在监测水生生态系统的污染和污染中使用一系列低成本标准化生物测定的价值。结果表明，亚棘连丝霉和亚冠伪kirchneriella的EC50值低于大水蚤和小莱姆纳，表明藻类对丙烯酰胺的敏感性增加。根据毒性单位法，由小Lemna和大水蚤生物测定所估计的值将丙烯酰胺分类为轻度毒性(TU=0-1;藻类生物测定的结果(亚棘桥菌和亚冠伪基氏菌)显示丙烯酰胺的毒性作用(TU=1-10;这些有机体的第2类。Akrilamid单体koji se koristi kao中间体[proizvodnji organskih kemikalija]， npr。poliakrilamida (PAM-a)。PAM se primjenjuje u razlij; ititimindustria .(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司(中国)有限公司。Široka upotreba pama - u spomenute svrpreprestavlja rizik od toga da određena kooli ina nepolimeriziranog akrilamida dospije u vodene ekostave。PAM je netoksi an, ali akrilamid ima neurotoksi ne uinke u ljudi je također dokazana njegova genotoksi nost，癌症学家štetan utjecaj na redukcijski sustav u laboratorijskih životinja。【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】【中文翻译】bio。Rezultati su pokazali da su EC50 vrijednosti niže nakon izlaganja zelenih algi desmodesatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata akrilamidu u odnosu na vrijednosti dobivene za vodenu leću小Lemna i vodenbuhu大水蚤，što pokazuje veću osjetljivost algi。S obziom na klasifikacijski sustav za izražavanje stupnja toksi nosti, a na temelju vrijednosti utvrđenih za vodenu leću小Lemna i vodenbuhu大水蚤，akrilamid se može klasificirati kao slabo toksi nosti (TU=0-1;(1). dozultati dobiveni (TU=1-10;razr 2)。
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Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2740
Maja Katalinić, Nikolina Maček Hrvat, Jana Žďárová Karasová, Jan Misik, Zrinka Kovarik
Even if organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents were banned entirely, their presence would remain a problem as weapons of terror (like in Syria). Oxime antidotes currently used in medical practice still fall short of their therapeutic purpose, as they fail to fully restore the activity of cholinesterases, the main target for OPs. As orphan drugs, these antidotes are tested too seldom for anybody’s benefit. Over the last few decades, search for improved reactivators has reached new levels, but the translation of data obtained in vitro to in vivo application is still a problem that hinders efficient therapy. In this study, we tested the strengths and weaknesses of extrapolating pyridinium oxime antidotes reactivation efficiency from in vitro to in vivo application. Our results show that this extrapolation is possible with well-determined kinetic constants, but that it also largely depends on oxime circulation time and its tissue-specific distribution. This suggests that pharmacokinetic studies should be planned at the early stages of antidote development. Special attention should also be given to improving oxime distribution throughout the organism to overcome this major constraint in improving overall OP therapy. Iako su organofosforni živčani bojni otrovi potpuno zabranjeni za upotrebu, njihova je prisutnost i dalje velik problem, posebice kao kemijsko oružje u terorističkim napadima (poput nedavnih u Siriji). Oksimi koji se danas koriste kao protuotrovi u tretmanu nemaju dostatno djelovanje na reaktivaciju aktivnosti kolinesteraza, glavnih meta djelovanja organofosfornih spojeva. Valja napomenuti kako se klinička testiranja ovih protuotrova rijetko provode zbog svoje iznimne specifičnosti. Tijekom zadnjih desetljeća učinjen je napredak u istraživanju novih učinkovitijih protuotrova, međutim još je uvijek veliki nedostatak u poboljšavanju terapije translacija in vitro dobivenih rezultata u in vivo primjenu. Ovom studijom ispitali smo mogućnosti ekstrapolacije reaktivacijske učinkovitosti određene za oksimske protuotrove iz in vitro u in vivo sustav. Naši rezultati pokazuju kako je ova translacija moguća uz detaljno određene kinetičke parametre in vitro i uz poznavanje distribucije oksima i vremena cirkulacije u organizmu. Takav rezultat ističe važnost planiranja i farmakokinetičkih istraživanja već u samom početku razvoja protuotrova. Također, poseban naglasak u istraživanju trebalo bi staviti i na poboljšanje tkivo-specifične distribucije oksima u organizmu čime bi se poboljšala cjelokupna terapijska učinkovitost.
即使有机磷(OP)神经毒剂被完全禁止，它们作为恐怖武器的存在仍将是一个问题(就像在叙利亚一样)。目前在医疗实践中使用的肟类解毒剂仍然没有达到其治疗目的，因为它们不能完全恢复胆碱酯酶的活性，而胆碱酯酶是OPs的主要目标。作为孤儿药，这些解药很少为了任何人的利益而进行测试。在过去的几十年里，对改进的再激活剂的研究已经达到了新的水平，但是将体外获得的数据转化为体内应用仍然是一个阻碍有效治疗的问题。在这项研究中，我们测试了从体外到体内应用推断吡啶肟解毒剂再激活效率的优点和缺点。我们的研究结果表明，在确定动力学常数的情况下，这种外推是可能的，但它也在很大程度上取决于肟循环时间及其组织特异性分布。这表明，应在解毒剂开发的早期阶段计划进行药代动力学研究。还应特别注意改善肟在整个机体中的分布，以克服改善整体OP治疗的这一主要限制。Iako su organofofforni živčani bojni otrovi potpuno zabranjeni za upotrebu, njihova je prisutnoist i dalje velik problem, posebice kao kemijsko oružje u terrorist titikim napadima (poput nedavnih u Siriji)。Oksimi koji se danas koriste kao protuotrovi u tretmanu nemaju dostatno djelovanje na reaktivaciju aktivnosti kolinesteraza, glavnih meta djelovanja organofornih spojeva。Valja napomenuti kako se klinika testiranja ovih protuotrova rijetko provode bog svoje iznimne specifinosti。Tijekom zadnjih desetljeća u injen je napredak u istraživanju novih u inkovitijih protuotrova, međutim joje uvijek veliki nedostatak u poboljšavanju terapije transacija体外dobivenih rezultata u体内primjenu。Ovom studijom ispitali smo mogućnosti ekstrapolacje reaktivacijske u inkovitosti određene za oksimske protuotrove是体外和体内的维持。Naši rezultati pokazuju kako je ova translacija moguća uz detaljno određene kineti体外参数i uz poznavanje distribucije oksima i vremena cirkulacije u组织。Takav rezultat isti e važnost planiranja i farmakokineti kih istraživanja veki u samom po etku razvoja protuotrova。Također, poseban naglasak u istraživanju trebalo bi staviti i na poboljšanje tkivo- specififi ne distribucije oksima u organizmu ime bi se poboljšala cjelokupna terapijska u inkovitost。
{"title":"Translation of in vitro to in vivo pyridinium oxime potential in tabun poisoning / Translacija učinkovitosti piridinijevih oksima kod trovanja tabunom iz in vitro sustava u in vivo primjenu","authors":"Maja Katalinić, Nikolina Maček Hrvat, Jana Žďárová Karasová, Jan Misik, Zrinka Kovarik","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2740","url":null,"abstract":"Even if organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents were banned entirely, their presence would remain a problem as weapons of terror (like in Syria). Oxime antidotes currently used in medical practice still fall short of their therapeutic purpose, as they fail to fully restore the activity of cholinesterases, the main target for OPs. As orphan drugs, these antidotes are tested too seldom for anybody’s benefit. Over the last few decades, search for improved reactivators has reached new levels, but the translation of data obtained in vitro to in vivo application is still a problem that hinders efficient therapy. In this study, we tested the strengths and weaknesses of extrapolating pyridinium oxime antidotes reactivation efficiency from in vitro to in vivo application. Our results show that this extrapolation is possible with well-determined kinetic constants, but that it also largely depends on oxime circulation time and its tissue-specific distribution. This suggests that pharmacokinetic studies should be planned at the early stages of antidote development. Special attention should also be given to improving oxime distribution throughout the organism to overcome this major constraint in improving overall OP therapy. Iako su organofosforni živčani bojni otrovi potpuno zabranjeni za upotrebu, njihova je prisutnost i dalje velik problem, posebice kao kemijsko oružje u terorističkim napadima (poput nedavnih u Siriji). Oksimi koji se danas koriste kao protuotrovi u tretmanu nemaju dostatno djelovanje na reaktivaciju aktivnosti kolinesteraza, glavnih meta djelovanja organofosfornih spojeva. Valja napomenuti kako se klinička testiranja ovih protuotrova rijetko provode zbog svoje iznimne specifičnosti. Tijekom zadnjih desetljeća učinjen je napredak u istraživanju novih učinkovitijih protuotrova, međutim još je uvijek veliki nedostatak u poboljšavanju terapije translacija in vitro dobivenih rezultata u in vivo primjenu. Ovom studijom ispitali smo mogućnosti ekstrapolacije reaktivacijske učinkovitosti određene za oksimske protuotrove iz in vitro u in vivo sustav. Naši rezultati pokazuju kako je ova translacija moguća uz detaljno određene kinetičke parametre in vitro i uz poznavanje distribucije oksima i vremena cirkulacije u organizmu. Takav rezultat ističe važnost planiranja i farmakokinetičkih istraživanja već u samom početku razvoja protuotrova. Također, poseban naglasak u istraživanju trebalo bi staviti i na poboljšanje tkivo-specifične distribucije oksima u organizmu čime bi se poboljšala cjelokupna terapijska učinkovitost.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":"291 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79245645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2721
Dušanka Milojković Opsenica, D. Lušić, Ž. Tešić
Food authenticity in a broader sense means fulfilling chemical and physical criteria prescribed by the proposed legislation. In the case of honey authenticity, two aspects are of major concern: the manufacturing process and the labelling of final products in terms of their geographical and botanical origin. A reliable assessment of honey authenticity has been a longterm preoccupation of chemists-analysts and it usually involves the use of several criteria and chemical markers, as well as a combination of analytical and statistical (chemometric) methods. This paper provides an overview of different criteria and modern methods for the assessment of honey authenticity in the case of a statistically significant number of authentic honey samples of several botanical types from various regions of Serbia. Izvornost hrane u širem smislu znači udovoljavanje kemijskim i fizikalnim kriterijima koji su propisani zakonodavstvom. U pogledu izvornosti meda, dva su ključna aspekta: proizvodni proces i označavanje proizvoda u smislu zemljopisnog i botaničkog podrijetla. Pouzdana procjena izvornosti meda, koja uobičajeno uključuje korištenje nekoliko kriterija i kemijskih markera te kombinaciju analitičkih i statističkih (kemometrijskih) metoda, već dugo vremena zaokuplja pozornost kemijskih analitičara. Ovaj rad pruža uvid u različite kriterije i moderne metode za procjenu izvornosti meda koristeći se slučajem statistički značajnog broja uzoraka izvornog meda nekoliko botaničkih tipova iz različitih regija u Srbiji.
广义上的食品真实性意味着符合拟议立法规定的化学和物理标准。在蜂蜜真实性的情况下，主要关注两个方面:制造过程和最终产品的地理和植物来源标签。蜂蜜真实性的可靠评估一直是化学家和分析人员长期关注的问题，它通常涉及使用几种标准和化学标记，以及分析和统计(化学计量学)方法的结合。本文概述了在塞尔维亚不同地区几种植物类型的真实蜂蜜样本的统计显著数量的情况下，评估蜂蜜真实性的不同标准和现代方法。Izvornost hranu širem smislu zna i udovoljavanje kemijskim i fizikalnim kriterijima koji su proisani zakonodavstom。[1] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j]。]数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据统计，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析，数据分析。Ovaj rad pruža uvid u razli ite kriterije i modern mede za projenu izvornosti media koristeći se slujem statistics ki zna ajnog broja uzoraka izvornog media nekoliko botani kih tipova iz razli与regija u Srbiji。
{"title":"Modern analytical techniques in the assessment of the authenticity of Serbian honey / Moderne analitičke tehnike u procjeni izvornosti meda iz Srbije","authors":"Dušanka Milojković Opsenica, D. Lušić, Ž. Tešić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2721","url":null,"abstract":"Food authenticity in a broader sense means fulfilling chemical and physical criteria prescribed by the proposed legislation. In the case of honey authenticity, two aspects are of major concern: the manufacturing process and the labelling of final products in terms of their geographical and botanical origin. A reliable assessment of honey authenticity has been a longterm preoccupation of chemists-analysts and it usually involves the use of several criteria and chemical markers, as well as a combination of analytical and statistical (chemometric) methods. This paper provides an overview of different criteria and modern methods for the assessment of honey authenticity in the case of a statistically significant number of authentic honey samples of several botanical types from various regions of Serbia. Izvornost hrane u širem smislu znači udovoljavanje kemijskim i fizikalnim kriterijima koji su propisani zakonodavstvom. U pogledu izvornosti meda, dva su ključna aspekta: proizvodni proces i označavanje proizvoda u smislu zemljopisnog i botaničkog podrijetla. Pouzdana procjena izvornosti meda, koja uobičajeno uključuje korištenje nekoliko kriterija i kemijskih markera te kombinaciju analitičkih i statističkih (kemometrijskih) metoda, već dugo vremena zaokuplja pozornost kemijskih analitičara. Ovaj rad pruža uvid u različite kriterije i moderne metode za procjenu izvornosti meda koristeći se slučajem statistički značajnog broja uzoraka izvornog meda nekoliko botaničkih tipova iz različitih regija u Srbiji.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"233 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89338892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2630
A. Kostić, M. Pešić, Mirjana D. Mosić, B. Dojčinović, M. Natić, J. Trifković
In this study we analysed mineral composition of bee pollen of different plant origin collected across Serbia using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The most abundant elements were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The samples were also exceptionally rich in iron and zinc, which are very important as nutrients. Judging by our findings, mineral composition of bee pollen much more depends on the type of pollen-producing plant than on its geographical origin. U ovom radu analiziran je mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda različitoga biljnoga podrijetla prikupljenoga diljem Srbije primjenom inducirano spregnute plazme - optičke emisijske spektroskopije. Najzastupljeniji elementi su kalij, kalcij i magnezij. Uzorci su također iznimno bogati željezom i cinkom, što povećava njihovu nutritivnu vrijednost. Prema našim saznanjima, mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda puno više ovisi o vrsti biljaka koje proizvode pelud nego o njegovu zemljopisnom podrijetlu.
{"title":"Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia / Sadržaj minerala u uzorcima pčelinjega peluda iz Srbije","authors":"A. Kostić, M. Pešić, Mirjana D. Mosić, B. Dojčinović, M. Natić, J. Trifković","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2630","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we analysed mineral composition of bee pollen of different plant origin collected across Serbia using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The most abundant elements were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The samples were also exceptionally rich in iron and zinc, which are very important as nutrients. Judging by our findings, mineral composition of bee pollen much more depends on the type of pollen-producing plant than on its geographical origin. U ovom radu analiziran je mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda različitoga biljnoga podrijetla prikupljenoga diljem Srbije primjenom inducirano spregnute plazme - optičke emisijske spektroskopije. Najzastupljeniji elementi su kalij, kalcij i magnezij. Uzorci su također iznimno bogati željezom i cinkom, što povećava njihovu nutritivnu vrijednost. Prema našim saznanjima, mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda puno više ovisi o vrsti biljaka koje proizvode pelud nego o njegovu zemljopisnom podrijetlu.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"251 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81355813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651
D. Kanelis, C. Tananaki, Vasilis Liolios, M. Dimou, G. Goras, M. Rodopoulou, Emmanuel Karazafiris, A. Thrasyvoulou
This article proposes guidelines for quality standards of royal jelly. The proposals are based on two sets of data; the first from our study of the factors that may affect the royal jelly’s chemical composition (protein and sugar supplementation of beehives) and the second on the analysis of a great number of samples from across Greece to establish natural variability of this product. We compared our findings with the adopted national limits, the proposals of the working group of the International Honey Commission (IHC), and the draft proposal of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO). The studied parameters included moisture, total proteins, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars), and 10-hydroxy- 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Our results indicate that the limits for royal jelly in some countries should be amended and the proposals of the IHC and the ISO reviewed in view of recent data on variability. We believe that our proposals could be considered for setting global standards for royal jelly, as they incorporate national legislations, proposals of scientific groups, experimental data, and updated information. U ovome se članku predlažu međunarodne smjernice za kakvoću matične mliječi. U prvom dijelu istraživanja analizirali smo koliko dohrana bjelančevinama i šećerima utječe na kemijski sastav matične mliječi, a u drugom smo analizirali velik broj uzoraka matične mliječi prikupljene iz cijele Grčke kako bismo ustanovili prirodnu varijabilnost ovog proizvoda. Svoje smo rezultate usporedili s usvojenim standardima različitih država, prijedlogom standarda Međunarodne komisije za med (International Honey Commission - IHC) te nacrtom prijedloga Međunarodne organizacije za normizaciju (International Organization of Standardization - ISO). Analizom su obuhvaćeni sljedeći parametri: vlažnost, ukupne bjelančevine, šećeri (fruktoza, glukoza, saharoza) te 10-hidroksi-2-decenska kiselina (10-HDA). Naši rezultati upućuju na to da neke zemlje trebaju izmijeniti i dopuniti svoje standarde, a IHC i ISO trebaju ponovo razmotriti svoje prijedloge u svjetlu najnovijih podataka o prirodnoj varijabilnosti matične mliječi. Smatramo da bi naš prijedlog mogao poslužiti za utvrđivanje međunarodnih standarda za matičnu mliječ s obzirom na to da obuhvaća podatke iz zakona i propisa pojedinih država, prijedloge znanstvenih i stručnih skupina, podatke iz istraživanja te najnovije informacije iz literature.
本文提出了蜂王浆质量标准的指导原则。这些建议基于两组数据;第一个是我们对可能影响蜂王浆化学成分的因素(蜂箱中的蛋白质和糖补充)的研究，第二个是对来自希腊各地的大量样本的分析，以确定该产品的自然变异性。我们将我们的发现与采用的国家限量、国际蜂蜜委员会(IHC)工作组的建议以及国际标准化组织(ISO)的建议草案进行了比较。研究参数包括水分、总蛋白质、糖(果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、总糖)和10-羟基- 2-十烯酸(10-HDA)。我们的研究结果表明，一些国家的蜂王浆限量应该修改，IHC和ISO的建议应该根据最近的变异性数据进行审查。我们相信我们的建议可以考虑为蜂王浆制定全球标准，因为它们包含了国家立法、科学团体的建议、实验数据和最新信息。U ovome se lanku predlažu međunarodne smjernice za kakvoću mati ne mlije i。【参考译文】1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题，如:1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题，如:1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题，如:1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题，如:1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题:1 .在中国，研究人员发现了许多新的问题。Svoje smo rezululusporedili is usvojenim standarma razli država, prijedlogom standarda Međunarodne komisije za med(国际蜂蜜委员会- IHC)， nactom prijedloga Međunarodne organizacje za normizaciju(国际标准化组织- ISO)。分析su obuhvaćeni sljedeći参数:vlažnost, ukupne bjelanevine， šećeri (fruktoza, glukoza，撒哈拉)10-hidroksi-2-decenska kiselina (10-HDA)。Naši rezultati upućuju na to da neke zemlje trebaju izmijeniti i dopuniti svoje standard, a IHC i ISO trebaju ponovo razmotriti svoje prijedloge u svjetlu najnovijih podataka o prirodnoj varijabilnosti matimlijei。smartramo da bi nasi prijedlog mogao poslužiti za utvrđivanje međunarodnih standarda za matiz nu mlijejes obzirom na to da obuhvaća podatke iz zakona i proisa pojedinih država, prijedloge znanstvenih i strunih skupina, podatke iz istraživanja the najnovije informacije iz literature。
{"title":"A suggestion for royal jelly specifications / Prijedlog globalnih standarda za matičnu mliječ","authors":"D. Kanelis, C. Tananaki, Vasilis Liolios, M. Dimou, G. Goras, M. Rodopoulou, Emmanuel Karazafiris, A. Thrasyvoulou","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes guidelines for quality standards of royal jelly. The proposals are based on two sets of data; the first from our study of the factors that may affect the royal jelly’s chemical composition (protein and sugar supplementation of beehives) and the second on the analysis of a great number of samples from across Greece to establish natural variability of this product. We compared our findings with the adopted national limits, the proposals of the working group of the International Honey Commission (IHC), and the draft proposal of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO). The studied parameters included moisture, total proteins, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars), and 10-hydroxy- 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Our results indicate that the limits for royal jelly in some countries should be amended and the proposals of the IHC and the ISO reviewed in view of recent data on variability. We believe that our proposals could be considered for setting global standards for royal jelly, as they incorporate national legislations, proposals of scientific groups, experimental data, and updated information. U ovome se članku predlažu međunarodne smjernice za kakvoću matične mliječi. U prvom dijelu istraživanja analizirali smo koliko dohrana bjelančevinama i šećerima utječe na kemijski sastav matične mliječi, a u drugom smo analizirali velik broj uzoraka matične mliječi prikupljene iz cijele Grčke kako bismo ustanovili prirodnu varijabilnost ovog proizvoda. Svoje smo rezultate usporedili s usvojenim standardima različitih država, prijedlogom standarda Međunarodne komisije za med (International Honey Commission - IHC) te nacrtom prijedloga Međunarodne organizacije za normizaciju (International Organization of Standardization - ISO). Analizom su obuhvaćeni sljedeći parametri: vlažnost, ukupne bjelančevine, šećeri (fruktoza, glukoza, saharoza) te 10-hidroksi-2-decenska kiselina (10-HDA). Naši rezultati upućuju na to da neke zemlje trebaju izmijeniti i dopuniti svoje standarde, a IHC i ISO trebaju ponovo razmotriti svoje prijedloge u svjetlu najnovijih podataka o prirodnoj varijabilnosti matične mliječi. Smatramo da bi naš prijedlog mogao poslužiti za utvrđivanje međunarodnih standarda za matičnu mliječ s obzirom na to da obuhvaća podatke iz zakona i propisa pojedinih država, prijedloge znanstvenih i stručnih skupina, podatke iz istraživanja te najnovije informacije iz literature.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"275 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74390780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2667
Z. Kljaković-Gašpić, S. Herceg Romanić, Darija Klinčić, V. Tičina
Levels of 17 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in the muscle tissue of 18 commercially important fish species from the eastern Adriatic Sea. PCBs [
{"title":"Chlorinated compounds in the muscle tissue of fish from the Croatian Adriatic: preliminary data on contamination and the associated health risks / Klorirani spojevi u mišićnom tkivu riba iz istočnog Jadranskog mora: preliminarni podaci o zagađenosti i zdravstvenim rizicima","authors":"Z. Kljaković-Gašpić, S. Herceg Romanić, Darija Klinčić, V. Tičina","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2667","url":null,"abstract":"Levels of 17 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in the muscle tissue of 18 commercially important fish species from the eastern Adriatic Sea. PCBs [<LOD-8,866 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw)] accounted for over 66 % of all analysed compounds. Their pattern was dominated by PCB-138 and PCB-153. DDE (14.2-649 ng g-1 lw) was the prevalent DDT isomer in all samples, suggesting no recent DDT input. β-, γ- and α-HCH and HCB were found in less than 50 % of samples. The analysed organic contaminants did not seem to bioaccumulate up the food web (trophic levels 3.0 to 4.5). Our findings show no risk of chronic (non-cancerous) effects on human health Maseni udjeli 17 poliklorbifenila (PCB) i 7 organoklorovih pesticida (OCP) izmjereni su u mišićnom tkivu 18 komercijalno važnih ribljih vrsta iz istočnog Jadranskog mora. Maseni udjeli PCB-a (<LOD do 8.866 ng g-1 masti) činili su više od 66 % svih analiziranih spojeva. U njihovu profilu PCB-138 i PCB-153 dominantni su kongeneri. DDE (14,2-649 ng g-1 masti), glavni izomer DDT-a, jedini je detektiran u svim uzorcima. U manje od 50 % analiziranih uzoraka nađeni su β-, γ- i α-HCH te HCB. U rasponu trofičkih razina analiziranih vrsta (3,0-4,5) nije bilo bioakumulacije organskih zagađivala u hranidbenom lancu. Rezultati procjene rizika za ljudsko zdravlje pokazali su da nema rizika od kroničnih (nekancerogenih) utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"77 1","pages":"299 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77440452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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