Background & Aims of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risk and human health risk of heavy metals in some agricultural products cultivated in Dezful and Shushtar in 2020. Materials and Methods: In this research, 18 samples of 1 kg of crops grown on farms in the summer of 2020 were collected randomly from 6 stations in two areas of (Safiabad & Shamsabad farms) and two regions of Shushtar (Gelalak & Shoaibiyeh farms). ICP model Varian 710-ES measured heavy metals. Results: The average amount of zinc in tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, and onions grown in farms were 38.396, 23.440, 16.136, and 90.706 mg/kg, and in cultivated lands of Shushtar, 11.690, 6.730, 5.713, and 7.406 mg/kg were obtained. Analysis of variance showed that the heavy metals lead, cadmium, and chromium in crops of Dezful and Shushtar were significantly different (P<0.05), but in the case of zinc, copper, and nickel in tomato, cucumber, No significant difference was observed between potato and onion (P>0.05). In tomato and cucumber crops grown in Dezful and Shushtar and potatoes in Shushtar, the hazard values of cadmium, chromium, zinc, and copper were higher than 1. In the tomato crop and the potatoes grown in Shushtar, the lead metal risk index values were higher than 1. Nickel metal hazard index values were obtained in cultivated agricultural products of potatoes, cucumbers, and tomatoes in Shushtar and adults and children less than one. Conclusion: The carcinogenic rates of cadmium, chromium, and lead in the crops of Shushtar and were higher than the allowed limit of 4-10. The carcinogenicity rate of nickel metal in Shushtar and Dezful crops was 4-10 lower than the permitted limit.
{"title":"Human Health Risk of Some Heavy Metals Accumulated in Tomatoe, Cucumber, Potato, and Onion Grown in Dezful and Shushtar","authors":"K. Payandeh, A. Nazarpour, M. Velayatzadeh","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.314.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.314.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risk and human health risk of heavy metals in some agricultural products cultivated in Dezful and Shushtar in 2020. Materials and Methods: In this research, 18 samples of 1 kg of crops grown on farms in the summer of 2020 were collected randomly from 6 stations in two areas of (Safiabad & Shamsabad farms) and two regions of Shushtar (Gelalak & Shoaibiyeh farms). ICP model Varian 710-ES measured heavy metals. Results: The average amount of zinc in tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, and onions grown in farms were 38.396, 23.440, 16.136, and 90.706 mg/kg, and in cultivated lands of Shushtar, 11.690, 6.730, 5.713, and 7.406 mg/kg were obtained. Analysis of variance showed that the heavy metals lead, cadmium, and chromium in crops of Dezful and Shushtar were significantly different (P<0.05), but in the case of zinc, copper, and nickel in tomato, cucumber, No significant difference was observed between potato and onion (P>0.05). In tomato and cucumber crops grown in Dezful and Shushtar and potatoes in Shushtar, the hazard values of cadmium, chromium, zinc, and copper were higher than 1. In the tomato crop and the potatoes grown in Shushtar, the lead metal risk index values were higher than 1. Nickel metal hazard index values were obtained in cultivated agricultural products of potatoes, cucumbers, and tomatoes in Shushtar and adults and children less than one. Conclusion: The carcinogenic rates of cadmium, chromium, and lead in the crops of Shushtar and were higher than the allowed limit of 4-10. The carcinogenicity rate of nickel metal in Shushtar and Dezful crops was 4-10 lower than the permitted limit.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asgarian, K. Ghassami, Farahnaz Heshmat, A. Mohammadbeigi, M. Abbasinia
Background & Aims of the Study: Reporting human errors in healthcare agencies is often accompanied by embarrassment and the fear of punishment; such errors can highlight motivation, the lack of attention, and enough education. Thus, there is a tendency to hide them. This study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of reporting medical errors in hospitals. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study design with a conventional content analysis approach was used. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 13 employers working in the hospital in Qom Province, Iran. Interviews were transcribed and finally analyzed through conventional content analysis. Accordingly, its results were presented in a theme, subcategories, and categories. Results: Our findings indicated that the employees had a multilevel perspective of medical error, viewing facilitators, and barriers to a medical error concerning several system levels. The barriers to medical error included individual, organizational, and social barriers. The facilitators of medical errors consisted of education, organizational, and cultural facilities. Conclusion: Findings suggested the need for support and security for employees and consideration of facilities to prevent the nonreporting of errors. Managers must provide the necessary personal, professional, and legal support to employees to remove barriers to encourage them to report the mistakes effectively.
{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators of Reporting Medical Errors in a Hospital: A Qualitative Study","authors":"A. Asgarian, K. Ghassami, Farahnaz Heshmat, A. Mohammadbeigi, M. Abbasinia","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.251.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.251.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Reporting human errors in healthcare agencies is often accompanied by embarrassment and the fear of punishment; such errors can highlight motivation, the lack of attention, and enough education. Thus, there is a tendency to hide them. This study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of reporting medical errors in hospitals. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study design with a conventional content analysis approach was used. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 13 employers working in the hospital in Qom Province, Iran. Interviews were transcribed and finally analyzed through conventional content analysis. Accordingly, its results were presented in a theme, subcategories, and categories. Results: Our findings indicated that the employees had a multilevel perspective of medical error, viewing facilitators, and barriers to a medical error concerning several system levels. The barriers to medical error included individual, organizational, and social barriers. The facilitators of medical errors consisted of education, organizational, and cultural facilities. Conclusion: Findings suggested the need for support and security for employees and consideration of facilities to prevent the nonreporting of errors. Managers must provide the necessary personal, professional, and legal support to employees to remove barriers to encourage them to report the mistakes effectively.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47159715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mousavi, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini, M. Sadeghian, Saied Yazdanirad
Background & Aims of the Study: Occupational stress is a psychological condition that occurs due to an imbalance between occupational needs and individual abilities. Resilience is an approach to cope with occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different dimensions of occupational stress and the level of resilience in the employees of an oil refinery. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 275 operational staff of an oil refinery in southern Iran in 2020. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the tools used included three electronic questionnaires, demographic information, Osipow occupational stress questionnaire, and the Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis. Results: The Pearson correlation test data indicated that different dimensions of occupational stress, including occupational scope, responsibility, and physical environment, also, the total score of occupational stress, have a significant negative correlation with the resilience score of individuals. The highest correlation concerned the physical environment dimension, with a coefficient of -0.189. Conclusion: We can increase employees’ resilience by improving the working environment and raising people’s awareness of occupational responsibility; it can reduce occupational stress among employees.
研究背景与目的:职业压力是由于职业需求与个人能力不平衡而产生的一种心理状态。弹性是一种应对职业压力的方法。本研究旨在探讨某炼油厂员工职业压力不同维度与心理弹性水平的关系。材料和方法:本描述性分析研究于2020年在伊朗南部一家炼油厂的275名操作人员中进行。研究参与者采用简单的随机抽样方法进行选择。由于2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，使用的工具包括三份电子问卷、人口统计信息、Osipow职业压力问卷和Connor- Davidson弹性量表。收集的数据在SPSS v. 22中进行描述性检验、Pearson相关检验、单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和线性回归分析。结果:Pearson相关检验数据显示，职业压力的不同维度(职业范围、责任、物理环境)以及职业压力总分与个体心理弹性得分呈显著负相关。相关系数最高的是自然环境维度，为-0.189。结论:通过改善工作环境，提高员工的职业责任意识，可以提高员工的心理弹性;它可以减少员工的职业压力。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Different Dimensions of Occupational Stress and Resilience Levels in the Employees of an Oil Refinery","authors":"S. Mousavi, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini, M. Sadeghian, Saied Yazdanirad","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.221.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.221.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Occupational stress is a psychological condition that occurs due to an imbalance between occupational needs and individual abilities. Resilience is an approach to cope with occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different dimensions of occupational stress and the level of resilience in the employees of an oil refinery. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 275 operational staff of an oil refinery in southern Iran in 2020. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the tools used included three electronic questionnaires, demographic information, Osipow occupational stress questionnaire, and the Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis. Results: The Pearson correlation test data indicated that different dimensions of occupational stress, including occupational scope, responsibility, and physical environment, also, the total score of occupational stress, have a significant negative correlation with the resilience score of individuals. The highest correlation concerned the physical environment dimension, with a coefficient of -0.189. Conclusion: We can increase employees’ resilience by improving the working environment and raising people’s awareness of occupational responsibility; it can reduce occupational stress among employees.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45442076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ahs.10.4.345.1.3
Ehsan Habibi, H. Dehghan, S. Mousavi, Parnian Ilbag, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini
Background & Aims of the Study: Cognitive functions, such as precision and speed, significantly affect human errors and incidents. The temperature of light color and heat can impact cognitive functions. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of heat and color temperature on the speed and precision of work in the laboratory. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 10 female students in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Medical School of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan City, Iran. Piron v-vibrometer and precision and target vibrometer devices were used to measure accuracy and speed. The test was held in 4 turns, each time for 1 hour. The first turn, 22°C, and color temperature 3000°K, the second turn 22°C and color temperature 6000°K, the third turn 36°C and color temperature 3000°K and the fourth turn 36°C and color temperature 6000°K, adjusted. Results: Based on the obtained results, precision measurement with precision and target vibrometer was significant in two cases with a color temperature of 3000 and temperatures of 22°C and 36°C (P<0.05); thus, with increasing temperature, the frequency of errors enhanced, and consequently the precision decreased. Furthermore, the speed measurement with the precision and target and Piron v-vibrometer in color temperature state 6000 and temperatures of 22°C and 36°C and the color temperature of 3000 and temperatures 22°C and 36°C were significant (P<0.05). In other words, with increasing temperature, the time of work decreased, and as a result, the speed of work increased, and in other cases, no significant relationship was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, the present study results indicated that the precision of work at 36°C is less than exposure to 22°C; the speed of work is higher, and changing the color temperature of light has no significant effect on increasing the precision of work. Therefore, it is suggested to use control strategies to reduce the temperature in environments with temperatures higher than comfort.
{"title":"Investigating the Combined Effects of Heat and Light Color Temperature on Precision and Speed in Female Students in Laboratory Conditions","authors":"Ehsan Habibi, H. Dehghan, S. Mousavi, Parnian Ilbag, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.345.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.345.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Cognitive functions, such as precision and speed, significantly affect human errors and incidents. The temperature of light color and heat can impact cognitive functions. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of heat and color temperature on the speed and precision of work in the laboratory. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 10 female students in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Medical School of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan City, Iran. Piron v-vibrometer and precision and target vibrometer devices were used to measure accuracy and speed. The test was held in 4 turns, each time for 1 hour. The first turn, 22°C, and color temperature 3000°K, the second turn 22°C and color temperature 6000°K, the third turn 36°C and color temperature 3000°K and the fourth turn 36°C and color temperature 6000°K, adjusted. Results: Based on the obtained results, precision measurement with precision and target vibrometer was significant in two cases with a color temperature of 3000 and temperatures of 22°C and 36°C (P<0.05); thus, with increasing temperature, the frequency of errors enhanced, and consequently the precision decreased. Furthermore, the speed measurement with the precision and target and Piron v-vibrometer in color temperature state 6000 and temperatures of 22°C and 36°C and the color temperature of 3000 and temperatures 22°C and 36°C were significant (P<0.05). In other words, with increasing temperature, the time of work decreased, and as a result, the speed of work increased, and in other cases, no significant relationship was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, the present study results indicated that the precision of work at 36°C is less than exposure to 22°C; the speed of work is higher, and changing the color temperature of light has no significant effect on increasing the precision of work. Therefore, it is suggested to use control strategies to reduce the temperature in environments with temperatures higher than comfort.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yarmohammadi, Z. Rezaei, H. Yarmohammadi, V. Ranaei, T. Marashi
Background & Aims of the Study: A major factor affecting health is regular physical activity. Physical activity reduces the risk of infectious diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the Perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy of physical activity of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a sample of 300 employees of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran, was selected by a convenience sampling method. The study variables included demographic information, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy physical activity. SPSS v. 16 was used to analyze the obtained data using the Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal- Wallis test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The collected results indicated a significant relationship between personal (P<0.03) and interpersonal (P<0.001) benefits and gender. Moreover, among the barriers, only environmental barriers had a significant relationship with gender (P<0.03). A significant association was observed between benefits and barriers and self-efficacy (P<0.01). The most common (environmental) barriers were the lack of sports space for men (51.6%) and women (62.9%), and being away from sports spaces for men (41.5%) and women (49.4%); the (personal) barriers were time-consuming for men (38.5%), women (43%). The most common benefits were better sleep for men (96.9%) and improved appearance for women (95.3%). The most general self-efficacy was exercising alone in men (61.5%) and women (56.5%). Conclusion: The staff expressed common barriers to physical activity. These barriers should be considered in designing health care policies and interventions such as providing sports facilities to promote physical activity.
{"title":"Physical Activity in Staff: Perceived Benefits, Barriers, and Self-efficacy","authors":"S. Yarmohammadi, Z. Rezaei, H. Yarmohammadi, V. Ranaei, T. Marashi","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.281.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.281.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: A major factor affecting health is regular physical activity. Physical activity reduces the risk of infectious diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the Perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy of physical activity of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a sample of 300 employees of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran, was selected by a convenience sampling method. The study variables included demographic information, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy physical activity. SPSS v. 16 was used to analyze the obtained data using the Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal- Wallis test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The collected results indicated a significant relationship between personal (P<0.03) and interpersonal (P<0.001) benefits and gender. Moreover, among the barriers, only environmental barriers had a significant relationship with gender (P<0.03). A significant association was observed between benefits and barriers and self-efficacy (P<0.01). The most common (environmental) barriers were the lack of sports space for men (51.6%) and women (62.9%), and being away from sports spaces for men (41.5%) and women (49.4%); the (personal) barriers were time-consuming for men (38.5%), women (43%). The most common benefits were better sleep for men (96.9%) and improved appearance for women (95.3%). The most general self-efficacy was exercising alone in men (61.5%) and women (56.5%). Conclusion: The staff expressed common barriers to physical activity. These barriers should be considered in designing health care policies and interventions such as providing sports facilities to promote physical activity.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dargahi, M. Vosoughi, Yousef Hamidzadeh Arbabi, H. Sadeghi, Robab Hosseinpour
Background & Aims of the Study: By being aware of the state of critical thinking and the factors affecting it in students, it is possible to help improve the planning and quality of education. This study aimed to comparatively determine the status of critical thinking and the factors affecting it in students. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study’s population and the sample consisted of health disciplines students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in Ardabil City, Iran. All students of the two entrances of 2017 and 2020 were enrolled in the study by completing a virtual questionnaire. According to the relevant results, 155 individuals completed the questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS v. 20 analyzed the collected data. Results: The minimum score of critical thinking was 4, the maximum was 16, and the Mean±SD essential score of thinking was 10.17±2.56 in all students. Among the studied variables, only the relationship between the subscales of inference and inductive reasoning with the year of entry of the studied students was significant (P=0.02) and (P=0.026). In other cases, there was no significant correlation between demographic variables, such as age, gender, the year of entry, native or non-native, the field of study, and grade point average with the overall scores of critical thinking and its subscales (P>0.05). Conclusion: The current study results indicated that the critical thinking skills of health students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences are poor in all dimensions and subscales. Considering the importance of critical thinking in the development, progress, and well-being of individuals and societies, reviewing and correcting the curriculum, training and empowering teachers concerning critical thinking skills, and teaching it in higher education and academic centers.
研究背景与目的:通过了解学生批判性思维的状态和影响学生批判性思维的因素，可以帮助改善教育的规划和质量。本研究旨在比较确定学生批判性思维的现状及其影响因素。材料和方法:本横断面研究的人群和样本包括伊朗阿达比尔市阿达比尔医科大学卫生学科的学生。2017年和2020年两个入口的所有学生都通过填写一份虚拟问卷参与了这项研究。根据相关结果，155人完成了问卷调查。在SPSS v. 20中进行描述性和分析性测试，分析收集到的数据。结果:所有学生的批判性思维得分最低为4分，最高为16分，思维基本得分均值±SD为10.17±2.56分。在研究的变量中，只有推理和归纳推理的分量表与被研究学生的入学年份有显著的关系(P=0.02)和(P=0.026)。在其他情况下，年龄、性别、入学年份、母语或非母语、学习领域和平均绩点等人口统计学变量与批判性思维及其子量表的总分之间没有显著相关性(P < 0.05)。结论:目前的研究结果表明，阿达比尔医科大学卫生专业学生的批判性思维能力在各维度和各分量表上都较差。考虑到批判性思维在个人和社会的发展、进步和福祉中的重要性，审查和修改课程，培训和增强教师的批判性思维技能，并在高等教育和学术中心教授。
{"title":"Comparing the Status of Critical Thinking and Its Associated Factors in Students","authors":"A. Dargahi, M. Vosoughi, Yousef Hamidzadeh Arbabi, H. Sadeghi, Robab Hosseinpour","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.4.38.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.4.38.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: By being aware of the state of critical thinking and the factors affecting it in students, it is possible to help improve the planning and quality of education. This study aimed to comparatively determine the status of critical thinking and the factors affecting it in students. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study’s population and the sample consisted of health disciplines students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in Ardabil City, Iran. All students of the two entrances of 2017 and 2020 were enrolled in the study by completing a virtual questionnaire. According to the relevant results, 155 individuals completed the questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS v. 20 analyzed the collected data. Results: The minimum score of critical thinking was 4, the maximum was 16, and the Mean±SD essential score of thinking was 10.17±2.56 in all students. Among the studied variables, only the relationship between the subscales of inference and inductive reasoning with the year of entry of the studied students was significant (P=0.02) and (P=0.026). In other cases, there was no significant correlation between demographic variables, such as age, gender, the year of entry, native or non-native, the field of study, and grade point average with the overall scores of critical thinking and its subscales (P>0.05). Conclusion: The current study results indicated that the critical thinking skills of health students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences are poor in all dimensions and subscales. Considering the importance of critical thinking in the development, progress, and well-being of individuals and societies, reviewing and correcting the curriculum, training and empowering teachers concerning critical thinking skills, and teaching it in higher education and academic centers.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahnaz Tork-Zahrani, Farahnaz Heshmat, H. Abbasinia, H. Delshad, N. Shakeri, M. Valiani
Background & Aims of the Study: Beta-Endorphin (β-EP), as the main stress hormone, is secreted during delivery and labor and modifies the pain threshold and sensation. This study aimed to determine the umbilical cord blood level of β-EP and its related factors in two groups of nulliparous women with Natural Vaginal Delivery (NVD) and Elective Cesarean Section (ECS). Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 pregnant women (40 cases & 40 control) at 38-42 weeks of gestation. Besides, the study subjects presented no history of chronic diseases, pregnancy complications, abortion, stillbirth, or infertility. The explored cases were women with NVD and the control were women with ECS. After delivery, a 3-mL blood sample was collected from the placental umbilical cord. After separating the blood serum, the β-EP level was examined using a standardized β-EP kit (Glory Co., USA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS using the Chi-squared test, t-test, and Fisher’s Exact test (P≤0.05). Results: The study groups were matched on individual, social, and obstetric characteristics, such as age, educational level, occupational status, gestational age, body mass index, and the frequency of prenatal care. The obtained results indicated that the umbilical cord blood levels of β-EP were significantly higher in the NVD group, compared to the ECS group (P=0.03). Conclusion: The present research results suggested that NVD provides greater effects on the release of β-EP, in comparison with ECS.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Delivery Mode and Cord Blood Betaendorphins Values in the Newborns of Nulliparous Women","authors":"Shahnaz Tork-Zahrani, Farahnaz Heshmat, H. Abbasinia, H. Delshad, N. Shakeri, M. Valiani","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Beta-Endorphin (β-EP), as the main stress hormone, is secreted during delivery and labor and modifies the pain threshold and sensation. This study aimed to determine the umbilical cord blood level of β-EP and its related factors in two groups of nulliparous women with Natural Vaginal Delivery (NVD) and Elective Cesarean Section (ECS). Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 pregnant women (40 cases & 40 control) at 38-42 weeks of gestation. Besides, the study subjects presented no history of chronic diseases, pregnancy complications, abortion, stillbirth, or infertility. The explored cases were women with NVD and the control were women with ECS. After delivery, a 3-mL blood sample was collected from the placental umbilical cord. After separating the blood serum, the β-EP level was examined using a standardized β-EP kit (Glory Co., USA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS using the Chi-squared test, t-test, and Fisher’s Exact test (P≤0.05). Results: The study groups were matched on individual, social, and obstetric characteristics, such as age, educational level, occupational status, gestational age, body mass index, and the frequency of prenatal care. The obtained results indicated that the umbilical cord blood levels of β-EP were significantly higher in the NVD group, compared to the ECS group (P=0.03). Conclusion: The present research results suggested that NVD provides greater effects on the release of β-EP, in comparison with ECS.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims of the Study: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes. Iranian researchers have used various interventions to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients. This meta-analysis study was performed to determine the effects of the interventions performed on improving sleep quality among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline EMBASE, as well as Persian databases (SID & IranMedex) were searched until 23 September 2020. The applied keywords were “sleep, sleep quality, diabetes, and diabetes mellitus”. Meta-analysis was performed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 8 published articles were entered in this meta-analysis. The obtained results suggested a significant heterogeneity between all articles included in this meta-analysis (I2=74.09, Q=27.016, P=0.0001). The STD Mean for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score in diabetic patients after the intervention in the case group was 0.84 higher than that in the control group. Researchers found no publication bias in this study. The STD Mean for the PSQI score in diabetic patients before and after the intervention in the case group was equal to 0.64. Conclusion: All interventions were performed to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients who were eligible for this meta-analysis, and significantly improved sleep quality in them.
{"title":"The Effects of Non-pharmacological Interventions on Sleep Quality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"M. Momayyezi, H. Fallahzadeh","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes. Iranian researchers have used various interventions to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients. This meta-analysis study was performed to determine the effects of the interventions performed on improving sleep quality among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline EMBASE, as well as Persian databases (SID & IranMedex) were searched until 23 September 2020. The applied keywords were “sleep, sleep quality, diabetes, and diabetes mellitus”. Meta-analysis was performed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 8 published articles were entered in this meta-analysis. The obtained results suggested a significant heterogeneity between all articles included in this meta-analysis (I2=74.09, Q=27.016, P=0.0001). The STD Mean for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score in diabetic patients after the intervention in the case group was 0.84 higher than that in the control group. Researchers found no publication bias in this study. The STD Mean for the PSQI score in diabetic patients before and after the intervention in the case group was equal to 0.64. Conclusion: All interventions were performed to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients who were eligible for this meta-analysis, and significantly improved sleep quality in them.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims of the Study: Infertile women experience negative feelings, such as anxiety, depression, and despair; accordingly, such conditions create strategies to cope with infertility, i.e., significant for a sense of stability. The present study aimed to determine the effects of an integrated approach, consisting of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Positive Thinking Training (PTT) on distress and wellbeing in infertile women with marital conflicts. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 infertile couples referring to the Infertility Clinic in Tehran, Iran was explored. The integrated approach group completed NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Fertility Problem Stress Scale, and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale before and 1 month after the completion of the intervention. A Dependent Samples t-test was used to analyze the collected data. Results: According to the current research results, there was a significant difference in distress and wellbeing among the examined infertile women with marital conflicts (P<0.05). One month after the completion of the intervention, the mean overall distress score in the integrated approach group was significantly less than that of the pre-test phase (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean overall score of wellbeing after the therapy sessions was significantly higher than that of the pretest step in the study subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the integrated approach based on ACT plus PTT on distress and wellbeing in infertile women, this method can be used in infertility clinics. Healthcare providers and counselors should receive training on ACT and PTT to improve mental health and wellbeing among infertile couples.
{"title":"The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Plus Positive Thinking Training on Distress and Wellbeing in Infertile Women With Marital Conflicts","authors":"Marzieh Faraji, Hengameh Alimadadi, Najmeh Moshfeghi, Roshanak Namazi, Javad Seyed Jafari, S. Mousavi","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.3.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.3.215","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Infertile women experience negative feelings, such as anxiety, depression, and despair; accordingly, such conditions create strategies to cope with infertility, i.e., significant for a sense of stability. The present study aimed to determine the effects of an integrated approach, consisting of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Positive Thinking Training (PTT) on distress and wellbeing in infertile women with marital conflicts. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 infertile couples referring to the Infertility Clinic in Tehran, Iran was explored. The integrated approach group completed NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Fertility Problem Stress Scale, and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale before and 1 month after the completion of the intervention. A Dependent Samples t-test was used to analyze the collected data. Results: According to the current research results, there was a significant difference in distress and wellbeing among the examined infertile women with marital conflicts (P<0.05). One month after the completion of the intervention, the mean overall distress score in the integrated approach group was significantly less than that of the pre-test phase (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean overall score of wellbeing after the therapy sessions was significantly higher than that of the pretest step in the study subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the integrated approach based on ACT plus PTT on distress and wellbeing in infertile women, this method can be used in infertility clinics. Healthcare providers and counselors should receive training on ACT and PTT to improve mental health and wellbeing among infertile couples.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42243923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims of the Study: Recently, smoking, as a critical risk factor, increased the diseases burden, especially chronic and non-communicable conditions, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, and stroke. Smoking is highly prevalent for various reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the views and causes of smoking tendency in the youth of Qom City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research employed the content analysis method. The research environment consisted of all public places and the research population consisted of the youth of Qom City, Iran. In total, 19 participants were selected by the purposive sampling method. The required data were collected by semi-structured interviews, i.e., recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the consent of the study participants. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the achieved data. Results: Data analysis provided 3 main categories of environmental factors, individual, family, and 8 subcategories that included cultural acceptability, stimulants, economic and social issues, attitude toward smoking, curiosity and excitement, family supervision and control, relationships within the family, and substance dependence in family members. Conclusion: Smoking and hookah use in youth is a multi-factor and multi-level phenomenon. Besides, the factors determining the tendency to them are at various environmental, individual, family levels; thus, they should be considered in the prevention, control, and smoking cessation of hookah.
{"title":"Perspectives and Reasons for Smoking Tendency in Youth","authors":"A. Arabshahi, S. Mohebi, Z. Gharlipour","doi":"10.32598/ahs.10.3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ahs.10.3.189","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims of the Study: Recently, smoking, as a critical risk factor, increased the diseases burden, especially chronic and non-communicable conditions, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, and stroke. Smoking is highly prevalent for various reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the views and causes of smoking tendency in the youth of Qom City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research employed the content analysis method. The research environment consisted of all public places and the research population consisted of the youth of Qom City, Iran. In total, 19 participants were selected by the purposive sampling method. The required data were collected by semi-structured interviews, i.e., recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the consent of the study participants. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the achieved data. Results: Data analysis provided 3 main categories of environmental factors, individual, family, and 8 subcategories that included cultural acceptability, stimulants, economic and social issues, attitude toward smoking, curiosity and excitement, family supervision and control, relationships within the family, and substance dependence in family members. Conclusion: Smoking and hookah use in youth is a multi-factor and multi-level phenomenon. Besides, the factors determining the tendency to them are at various environmental, individual, family levels; thus, they should be considered in the prevention, control, and smoking cessation of hookah.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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