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Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention of Rural Elderly About Influenza Preventive Behaviors, Fasa, Iran, 2019 农村老年人对流感预防行为的知识、态度和意图,伊朗法萨,2019
Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.374
Asghar Keshavarz, M. Nazari, Sanaz Dastmanesh
Background & Aims: Influenza is one of the leading causes of death in the world, especially in the elderly. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and intention of rural elderly about influenza prevention behaviors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study was performed on 140 rural older people who were selected by multi-stage random sampling in Fasa, Iran. A questionnaire was developed to inform about individuals’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on influenza prevention measures. Data were analyzed using frequency descriptive statistics and the Chisquare test by SPSS-21. Results: A total of 61 men (mean age of 69.32±6.81) and 71 women (mean age of 69.04±7.52) responded to the questionnaire. The mean score of knowledge in women (6.8±2.1) was significantly higher than in men (5.8±2.7). The mean score of knowledge in illiterate people (6.45±2.43) compared to literate people (6.08±2.58) showed no significant differences. In addition, the differences between the mean score of attitudes in both men (5.67±5.67) and women (6.05±29.59) were not significant. Likewise, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of attitudes in the literate (28.74±5.74) and illiterate (29.87±5.89) elderly. The mean scores of intention in men and women were 6.18±1.76 and 6.13±1.53, respectively, which was not significantly different. Finally, the mean scores of intention in literate (5.85±2.14) and illiterate (6.25±1.42) participants were not significantly different. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and intention of rural elderly about influenza prevention behaviors are not satisfactory, and large-scale educational interventions are required in this regard, especially in rural areas.
背景与目的:流感是世界上主要的死亡原因之一,尤其是老年人。本研究调查了农村老年人对流感预防行为的知识、态度和意向。材料和方法:在这项横断面研究中,对伊朗法萨的140名农村老年人进行了多阶段随机抽样。编制了一份调查问卷,了解个人对流感预防措施的知识、态度和实践。数据采用频率描述性统计和Chisquare检验,采用SPSS-21软件进行分析。结果:共有61名男性(平均年龄69.32±6.81)和71名女性(平均年龄6904±7.52)对问卷进行了回复。女性的平均知识得分(6.8±2.1)显著高于男性(5.8±2.7)。文盲的平均知识分数(6.45±2.43)与识字者的平均知识分(6.08±2.58)没有显著差异。此外,男性(5.67±5.67)和女性(6.05±29.59)的态度平均得分之间的差异并不显著。同样,识字老年人(28.74±5.74)和文盲老年人(29.87±5.89)的态度平均得分也没有显著差异。男性和女性的平均意向得分分别为6.18±1.76和6.13±1.53,差异无统计学意义。最后,识字(5.85±2.14)和文盲(6.25±1.42)参与者的意向平均得分没有显著差异。结论:农村老年人对流感预防行为的知识、态度和意愿不尽如人意,需要在这方面进行大规模的教育干预,尤其是在农村地区。
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引用次数: 0
Human Health Risk of Some Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of Arak Plain 阿拉克平原表层土壤中部分重金属对人体健康的危害
Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.12.1.5.141
F. Saberinasab, S. Mortazavi, A. Riyahi Bakhtiari
Background & Aims: Soil contamination with heavy metals is becoming a major environmental concern today. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in the surface soil of Arak plain. Materials and Methods: Soil samples were collected by random sampling from 30 stations with three replications from a depth of 0-20 cm. After acidic digestion of the samples (HNO3: HclO4: HF=3: 2: 1), the concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Finally, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards of heavy metals in surface soils for human health were assessed through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption using the method recommended by the EPA for children and adults. Results: The results indicated that the average total concentrations of heavy metals of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd in the study area are 10.01, 13.83, 39.82, 43.41, and 11.9 mg/kg, respectively. The highest and lowest average daily dose (ADD) of elements in both age groups were related to Ni metal from the ingestion route and Cd metal from the inhalation tract, respectively. Further, the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HQ) of heavy metals in all three paths was less than 1. The results of the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) risk assessment of all three pathways separately for each metal and for both groups of children and adults showed metal values as Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Ni, respectively. In addition, the results of the carcinogenic risk index (RI) in the surface soil of Arak plain revealed that Ni and Pb have the highest and the lowest carcinogenic risk, respectively. Conclusion: Finally, considering the size of the study area and proving the carcinogenic hazards and risks in the area, it is necessary and important to pay attention to health and environmental principles.
背景与目的:土壤重金属污染已成为当今主要的环境问题。因此,本研究对阿拉克平原表层土壤重金属的健康风险进行了评价。材料与方法:在0 ~ 20 cm深度,随机抽取30个站点,3次重复。将样品(HNO3: HclO4: HF= 3:2: 1)酸性消化后,用原子吸收光谱法测定铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)和镉(Cd)的浓度。最后,采用环境保护署推荐的儿童和成人方法,通过摄入、吸入和皮肤吸收来评估表层土壤中重金属对人类健康的致癌和非致癌危害。结果:研究区重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni和Cd的平均总浓度分别为10.01、13.83、39.82、43.41和11.9 mg/kg。两个年龄组元素的最高和最低平均日剂量(ADD)分别与食入途径的Ni金属和吸入途径的Cd金属有关。三种路径重金属的非致癌风险危害商(HQ)均小于1。三种途径的非致癌危害指数(HI)风险评估结果分别显示,每种金属以及儿童和成人的金属值分别为Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Ni。此外,阿拉克平原表层土壤的致癌风险指数(RI)结果显示,Ni和Pb分别具有最高和最低的致癌风险。结论:最后,考虑到研究区域的规模和证明该区域的致癌危害和风险,注意健康和环境原则是必要和重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Safety Risk Assessment in the Tile Industry with a New Approach 一种新的瓷砖行业安全风险评估方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.12.1.10.36
M. Khandan, Mohammad Jafari, A. Koohpaei, Zeinab Hosseinzadeh, Abbas Sadeghi
Background & Aims: Despite the relative comfort and welfare today’s modern technology has brought to humankind, it has also been the basis for the emergence of risks and threats. These risks and risk factors should be assessed and controlled using systematic risk assessment and management methods. Numerous techniques and methods have been developed to analyze risks, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses. One of the system risk analysis techniques, which is among qualitative techniques and identifies and analyzes system risks inductively, is the functional hazard analysis (FuHA) technique. The present study aims to identify and control risks that occur due to technical defects or system dysfunctions and can lead to an unpleasant event, as occurred in an industrial unit in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, the functional risks of an industrial unit were analyzed using the FuHA technique. By implementing the FuHA technique in the investigated industrial unit, 17 functional defects were identified. Results: In general, according to the level of severity of different consequences caused by the identified defects, 60 functional risks were identified, of which 7 cases (11.67%) were assessed as unacceptable, 17 cases (28.33%) as unfavorable, and 36 cases (60%) as acceptable but needing revision. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the FuHA technique had a favorable ability to identify and analyze system and subsystem functional risks, especially software subsystems.
背景与目的:尽管现代技术给人类带来了相对舒适和福利,但它也是风险和威胁出现的基础。这些风险和风险因素应使用系统的风险评估和管理方法进行评估和控制。已经开发了许多分析风险的技术和方法,每种技术和方法都有自己的优势和劣势。系统风险分析技术中的一种是功能危害分析技术,它是定性技术之一,可以归纳识别和分析系统风险。本研究旨在识别和控制由于技术缺陷或系统功能障碍而发生的风险,这些风险可能会导致不愉快的事件,如2016年发生在一个工业装置中的事件。方法:在这项横断面分析研究中,使用FuHA技术分析了一个工业单元的功能风险。通过在所调查的工业装置中实施FuHA技术,识别出17个功能缺陷。结果:总的来说,根据已识别缺陷造成的不同后果的严重程度,识别出60种功能风险,其中7例(11.67%)被评估为不可接受,17例(28.33%)被评定为不利,36例(60%)被评估为由可接受但需要修正。结论:本研究结果表明,FuHA技术具有良好的识别和分析系统和子系统功能风险的能力,尤其是软件子系统。
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引用次数: 0
Mediating Role of Coping Strategies and Defense Mechanisms in Relationship of Mental Health, Resilience, and Perceived Social Support with Posttraumatic Growth in COVID-19 Survivors 应对策略和防御机制在新冠肺炎幸存者心理健康、复原力和感知社会支持与创伤后增长关系中的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.395
Elnaz Deldadeh Mehraban, A. Farhangi, S. Abolghasemi
Background & Aims: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive changes resulting from trauma. As a traumatic stressor, COVID-19 can affect various aspects of one’s life. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies and defense mechanisms in the relationship of PTG and mental health, resilience, and perceived social support in COVID-19 survivors. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a path analysis method from the correlation matrix. The research population included all COVID-19 recovered patients in Golestan province, Iran. Using the convenience sampling method, 300 patients who recovered from COVID-19 were selected. The participants were given questionnaires online. The research instruments included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC). The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS version 25. Results: The findings of SEM revealed that the model fits the data. The relationship between problem-focused coping strategies and PTG, mental health, and perceived social support, the relationship between PTG and perceived social support, resilience, and mental health, and the relationship between mature defense mechanisms and PTG, mental health, resilience, and perceived social support were positive and significant (P<0.01). The relationship between emotion-focused strategies and PTG, resilience, and perceived social support, the relationship between neurotic defense mechanisms and mental health, resilience, PTG, and perceived social support, and the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and mental health, resilience, and PTG were negative and significant (P<0.01). Furthermore, the direct path analysis revealed that the relationships between mental health and emotion-focused strategies and between perceived social support and immature defense mechanisms were not significant. Conclusion: The study results suggested that mental health, resilience, perceived social support, as well as problem-focused coping strategies played a crucial role in increasing PTG in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, they can be utilized to reduce the mental damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
背景与目的:创伤后生长(PTG)是指由创伤引起的积极变化。作为一种创伤性应激源,新冠肺炎会影响一个人生活的各个方面。本研究旨在探讨应对策略和防御机制在新冠肺炎幸存者PTG与心理健康、复原力和感知社会支持关系中的中介作用。材料和方法:本研究采用相关矩阵的通径分析方法进行。研究人群包括伊朗戈勒斯坦省所有新冠肺炎康复患者。采用方便抽样方法,选择300名新冠肺炎康复患者。参与者在网上接受了问卷调查。研究工具包括创伤后成长量表(PTGI)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-28)、感知社会支持多维量表(MSPSS)、康纳·戴维森韧性量表(CD-RISC)、防御风格问卷(DSQ)和应对方式问卷(WOC)。使用SPSS和AMOS 25版软件,通过结构方程建模(SEM)对数据进行分析。结果:扫描电镜结果表明,该模型与数据吻合。以问题为中心的应对策略与PTG、心理健康和感知社会支持之间的关系,PTG与感知社会支持、复原力和心理健康之间的关系以及成熟防御机制与PTG,情绪集中策略与PTG、复原力和感知社会支持的关系,神经质防御机制与心理健康、复原力、PTG和感知社会支助的关系,不成熟防御机制与精神健康、复韧性、,直接路径分析显示,心理健康与情绪专注策略之间、感知社会支持与不成熟防御机制之间的关系不显著。结论:研究结果表明,心理健康、韧性、感知的社会支持以及以问题为中心的应对策略在增加新冠肺炎患者的PTG中起着至关重要的作用。因此,它们可以用来减少新冠肺炎大流行造成的精神损害。
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引用次数: 0
Fungal Contamination of Wrestling and Bodybuilding Clubs in Hamedan Province, Western Iran 伊朗西部哈梅丹省摔跤和健美俱乐部的真菌污染
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.208.2
Z. Sadeghi Dehkordi, Aso Hajihasani, Shahriar Keihani, Bahareh Kordi, A. Sadeghinasab
Background & Aims: This study first evaluated the fungal contamination of tools and surfaces in wrestling and bodybuilding clubs in Hamedan province, western Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 focusing on nine wrestling and bodybuilding clubs in different areas of Hamedan province. The sterile carpet method (10×10) was used for sampling from mats floor and wall, bath and WC, locker room and parquet surfaces, and environmental air. Common mediums and methods in mycology were employed to culture samples and detect grown fungi. Results: The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Rhizopus (24%), Penicillium (24%), Aspergillus flavus (23%), Aspergillus niger (19%), yeast (7%), Scopulariopsis (6%) Mucor, and Ulocladium (1%). Based on the results, no dermatophyte contamination was detected in any of the samples. The most contaminated surfaces (place of sampling) were wrestling mats (95.7%). The highest and lowest prevalence rates of fungal contamination in this study were found in Razan (87.5%) and Malayer (72.7%), respectively. Conclusion: According to our results, the most contaminated surfaces belonged to wrestling mats. Thus, we would suggest that common-sense hygiene measurements should be continued, including showering after every encounter, washing practice clothes daily, and disinfecting mats daily.
背景与目的:本研究首次评估了伊朗西部哈梅丹省摔跤和健美俱乐部工具和表面的真菌污染情况。材料和方法:这项横断面研究于2018年9月至2019年5月进行,重点关注哈梅丹省不同地区的九家摔跤和健美俱乐部。使用无菌地毯法(10×10)从垫子、地板和墙壁、浴缸和卫生间、更衣室和镶木地板表面以及环境空气中取样。采用真菌学中常见的培养基和方法培养样品并检测生长的真菌。结果:最常见的真菌属是根霉属(24%)、青霉属(24%,黄曲霉属(23%)、黑曲霉属(19%)、酵母属(7%)、Scopulariopsis属(6%)、毛霉属(6%,Ulocladium)。根据结果,在任何样本中都没有检测到皮肤癣菌污染。污染最严重的表面(采样地)是摔跤垫(95.7%)。本研究中真菌污染的患病率最高和最低的分别是拉赞(87.5%)和马来亚(72.7%)。结论:根据我们的研究结果,污染最严重的表面属于摔跤垫。因此,我们建议继续进行常识性的卫生测量,包括每次见面后淋浴、每天清洗练习服和每天对垫子消毒。
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引用次数: 0
The Efficiency of Polyaluminum Silicate Chloride Coagulants in Nickel Removal from Aqueous Solutions 聚合硅酸氯化铝混凝剂去除镍的效果研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.380.1
M. Mohammadi, A. Takdastan, Mehdi Zhoolanezhad, A. Neisi
Background & Aims: Nickel is one of the toxic heavy metals naturally released into the environment through industrial activities. Coagulation and flocculation are one of the available heavy metal removal methods, but experience has shown that high pH and the addition of coagulant aid are usually required to remove nickel by coagulation and flocculation process. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of polyaluminum silicate chloride (PASiC) coagulant in nickel removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale using the standard jar testing method. We investigated the effect of pH parameters (4-11), amount of coagulant (7.5-75 mg/L based on aluminum), initial metal concentration (10-400 mg/L), and settling time (15-90 minutes). Nickel concentration was measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. In this study, t test, between-groups ANOVA, and regression were used for analysis. Results: Results showed that the removal efficiency decreased at higher concentrations of nickel metal. Furthermore, increasing the settling time beyond 30 minutes did not significantly change the removal efficiency. PASiC had a removal efficiency of over 99% at an optimum pH of 8, an optimum PASiC concentration of 15 mg/L, an optimum time of 30 minutes, and a nickel concentration of 10-100 mg/L. Conclusion: According to the results, the use of PASiC as a coagulant is a suitable option for removing nickel from polluted wastewater.
背景与目的:镍是通过工业活动自然释放到环境中的有毒重金属之一。混凝絮凝是一种有效的重金属去除方法,但经验表明,混凝絮凝工艺去除镍通常需要高pH值和添加助凝剂。本研究旨在考察聚硅酸铝-氯化铝(PASiC)混凝剂对水溶液中镍的去除效率。材料和方法:本研究采用标准罐试验方法在实验室规模上进行实验。我们研究了pH参数(4-11)、混凝剂的量(基于铝为7.5-75mg/L)、初始金属浓度(10-400mg/L)和沉淀时间(15-90分钟)的影响。用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了镍的浓度。本研究采用t检验、组间方差分析和回归分析方法进行分析。结果:结果表明,金属镍浓度越高,去除率越低。此外,将沉淀时间增加到30分钟以上并没有显著改变去除效率。在最佳pH为8、最佳PASiC浓度为15mg/L、最佳时间为30分钟、镍浓度为10-100mg/L的条件下,PASiC的去除率超过99%。结论:PASiC作为混凝剂是一种较好的除镍方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Collaboration Culture on Knowledge Creation: A Study in Hospitals Affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences 协作文化对知识创造的影响——以库姆医科大学附属医院为例
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.373.1
Shahrokh Rahbar, A. Omidi Oskouei, A. Rahbar
Background & Aims: Organizational culture and knowledge management affect all aspects of an organization. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the components of Collaboration culture on knowledge creation in hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical research was conducted on 570 employees of the hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and convergent validity, and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha method and composite reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.8 software employing exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: The means and standard deviations of Collaboration culture and knowledge creation were 3.071±1.301 and 3.28±1.11, respectively; their Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.972 and 0.944; their composite reliability indices were obtained as 0.782 and 0.847, and the convergent validities of these domains were as 0.810 and 0.852, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis classified the constructs into the two sections of learning culture and knowledge creation, which were confirmed by fit indices. Conclusion: The results showed that the Collaboration culture component has a positive and meaningful relationship with the knowledge creation component. Therefore, hospital managers should notice the benefits of providing the necessary infrastructure for the implementation of knowledge management and holding workshops for employees to educate them on the fundamentals of cooperation culture and knowledge creation.
背景与目的:组织文化和知识管理影响着组织的方方面面。因此,在本研究中,我们旨在调查2017年库姆医学科学大学附属医院协作文化的组成部分对知识创造的影响。材料与方法:对库姆医科大学附属医院570名员工进行横断面分析研究。研究工具是一份由研究人员制作的Likert五分量表。通过内容有效性和收敛有效性对问卷的有效性进行了验证,并采用Cronbachα法和复合信度对问卷的信度进行了评估。数据采用SPSS 20和Lisrel 8.8软件进行分析,采用探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和结构方程建模。结果:合作文化和知识创造的平均值和标准差分别为3.071±1.301和3.28±1.11;其Cronbachα系数分别为0.972和0.944;它们的综合可靠性指数分别为0.782和0.847,这些领域的收敛有效性分别为0.810和0.852。探索性因素分析将这些结构分为学习文化和知识创造两个部分,并通过拟合指数进行了验证。结论:研究结果表明,协作文化成分与知识创造成分之间存在着积极而有意义的关系。因此,医院管理人员应注意为实施知识管理提供必要的基础设施,并为员工举办研讨会,教育他们合作文化和知识创造的基本原理,这将带来好处。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Yoga on Organizational Happiness of Female Employees of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch 瑜伽对伊斯兰阿扎德大学德黑兰医学院女员工组织幸福感的影响
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.369.2
Yalda Amouzadeh, Faride Ashraf Ganjoui, Sarah Haji Anzhaee
Background & Aims: The present study was carried out to assess the effect of yoga on organizational happiness in female employees of the Tehran Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This randomized study was conducted in Tehran on 40 female employees in 2019. The volunteers were randomly assigned to two control and exercise groups. The exercise group (20 people) performed two sessions of yoga exercises every week for 12 weeks. The control group (20 people) only performed daily activities. After 12 weeks of training, the data was collected in both groups using the Hills and Argyle Standard Happiness Questionnaire (2002), which included 25 questions and 5 components. A group of expert faculty members confirmed the face and content validity of the instrument. Also, reliability was reported as 0.73 through Cronbach›s alpha test. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and paired-sample t tests. Results: Findings demonstrated that yoga had significant effects on the organizational happiness of female employees of the Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the findings, it can be concluded that yoga can promote the physical health and happiness of female personnel.
背景与目的:本研究旨在评估瑜伽对德黑兰伊斯兰阿扎德大学德黑兰医学院女员工组织幸福感的影响。材料和方法:这项随机研究于2019年在德黑兰对40名女性员工进行。志愿者被随机分配到两个对照组和运动组。锻炼组(20人)每周进行两次瑜伽锻炼,为期12周。对照组(20人)只进行日常活动。经过12周的训练后,使用Hills和Argyle标准幸福感问卷(2002)在两组中收集数据,该问卷包括25个问题和5个组成部分。一组专家教员确认了该仪器的外观和内容的有效性。此外,Cronbach›sα检验的可靠性为0.73。使用独立t检验和配对样本t检验对数据进行分析。结果:研究结果表明,瑜伽对德黑兰阿扎德医学科学大学女性员工的组织幸福感有显著影响(P<0.001)。结论:综合研究结果,可以得出结论,瑜伽可以促进女性员工的身体健康和幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss Plant Essential Oils and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects on Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria 氧齿草植物精油的化学成分及其对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的抗氧化抗菌作用评价
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.103.9
Rahele Bahrami, M. Soori, H. Abbaspour, H. Hashemi-moghaddam, Taghi Lashkarbolouki, R. Moradi, A. Yari
Background & Aims: Caryophyllaceae is a large family of about 2200 herbaceous or subshrub species. Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss is of the family Caryophyllaceae. This plant grows as a weed in agricultural land of sugarcane, wheat, barley, forage, and summer crops such as sugar beet, potato, cotton, and onion. All parts of the V. oxyodontha Boiss plant, especially its root, contain a type of saponin, which shows its medicinal value. According to traditional Iranian medicine, this plant is a blood purifier and has anti-infective, utilized for cough, anti-rheumatism, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study first aimed to investigate the chemical composition of V. oxyodontha Boiss essential oil (EO) and the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Materials and Methods: In this study, EOs were extracted from the aerial parts of V. oxyodontha Boiss using the combination of hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation methods. Then, the antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of the extract were evaluated, and the chemical compositions of the EOs of V. oxyodontha Boiss were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The extract’s antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method. In addition, the plant antimicrobial effects were investigated by the agar disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as well. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the mentioned plant was compared with the antibiotic discs of gentamicin (10 mg) and vancomycin (30 mg). Results: The major compounds in the EOs were 2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl (10.52%) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (19.27%). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of V. oxyodontha Boiss was 0.49 µg/mL, which was higher than that of vitamin C (IC50 value of 0.56 µg/mL). Further, MIC and MBC for the V. oxyodontha Boiss extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 62.5 and 125 mg/mL, as well as 31.25 and 62.5 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The results of GC-MS demonstrated that the EO of the V. oxyodontha Boiss plant contains antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Its antioxidant properties are higher than vitamin C. The highest diameter of the inhibition zone caused by the methanol extract of the V. oxyodontha Boiss plant was against S. aureus and E. coli (23.7±0.29 mm and 15.65±0.33 mm, respectively). Compared with the antibiotics vancomycin, the Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss represented a stronger inhibitory effect in the inhibition of S. aureus (P<0.05).
背景与目的:石竹科是一个约有2200种草本或亚灌木的大科。氧齿竹为石竹科植物。这种植物作为杂草生长在甘蔗、小麦、大麦、饲料和甜菜、土豆、棉花和洋葱等夏季作物的农田中。氧齿苋属植物的各个部位,尤其是根部,都含有一种皂苷,具有一定的药用价值。根据伊朗传统医学的说法,这种植物是一种血液净化器,具有抗感染、止咳、抗风湿和抗炎的特性。本研究首先旨在研究V.oxyodontha Boiss精油(EO)的化学成分以及该植物的水醇提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗氧化和抗菌性能。材料和方法:本研究采用加氢蒸馏和微波辅助加氢蒸馏相结合的方法,从虎牙草地上部分提取EOs。然后,对提取物的抗氧化性能和抗菌活性进行了评价,并用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定了氧化齿牙的EOs的化学成分。采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼水合物(DPPH)法研究了提取物的抗氧化活性。此外,用琼脂扩散法研究了植物的抗菌作用,并测定了最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。最后,将上述植物的抗菌活性与庆大霉素(10 mg)和万古霉素(30 mg)的抗生素盘进行比较。结果:EOs中的主要化合物为2-十五烷酮、6,10,14-三甲基(10.52%)和1,2-苯二甲酸(19.27%)。氧齿苋的半数最大抑制浓度(IC50)为0.49µg/mL,高于维生素C(IC50值为0.56µg/mL)。此外,氧齿牙形杆菌提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为62.5和125mg/mL,以及31.25和62.5mg/mL。结论:气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明,虎牙草的EO中含有抗氧化和抗菌成分。其抗氧化性能高于维生素C。由V.oxyodontha Boiss植物的甲醇提取物引起的抑制区的最大直径是对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌(分别为23.7±0.29mm和15.65±0.33mm)。与抗生素万古霉素相比,氧齿草对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用更强(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship Between the Concentration of Airborne Benzene Pollutant and the Amount of Urinary Metabolites of Trans, Trans-muconic Acid, and Hippuric Acid in Employees Working in Different Plants of Bou Ali Sina Petrochemical Company 博阿里新浪石化公司不同厂区职工空气中苯污染物浓度与尿中反式、反式黏液酸、马尿酸代谢物量的关系
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.34172/ahs.11.4.349.1
S. Sabzalipour, Siavash Cheraghi, Elahe Zallaghi, Mohamad Erbian Gharmsir
Background & Aims: The petrochemical industry as a modern industry, despite the positive outcomes it has brought to mankind, is a source of gaseous and aerosol pollution and industrial effluents on a large scale, which can have direct and indirect destructive effects on the environment and human life. This study investigated the relationship between the amount of airborne benzene with the amount of trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) and hippuric acid metabolites in the urine of workers working in petrochemical complexes with different exposure times and methods. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, breathing the air of different petrochemical plants of Bou Ali Sina was sampled by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1501 method, and the urine of workers (n = 24) was also sampled in these units. In addition, the amount of benzene in the air samples and the amount of urinary metabolites of ttMA and hippuric acid were analyzed in urine samples sent to the laboratory using a high-performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry device and gas-liquid chromatography. Finally, urinary creatinine was measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed that the concentration of benzene in the aromatic unit had the highest value, which had a higher level of pollution than both standards. The xylene mixing unit with a concentration of 3.6 µg/m3 , the loading unit with a benzene content of 3.4 µg/m3 , and a tank unit with 2.8 µg/m3 had a lower amount of benzene pollution compared to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit-short-term exposure limit (OSHA PEL-STEL) standard but had higher pollution levels in comparison to the OSHA PEL-TWA (time-weighted average) standard. In the sampling unit of the laboratory with a benzene amount of 0.94 µg/m3 and in the technician unit of the laboratory, the amount of pollution was lower than both OSHA PEL-TWA and OSHA PEL-STEL standards. The aromatic unit demonstrated the highest amount of benzene, while the lowest amount was related to the laboratory section. Conclusion: The results of the measurement of urinary benzene metabolites revealed that the concentration of urinary phenol and inhaled benzene in evening shift workers was higher than the corresponding amount in the morning shift workers, which may be due to the high level of pollution evenings compared to the morning. On the other hand, the results represented that the average hippuric acid in the exposed people (n=24) was higher than the control (n=20) so that it was 0.35 in the exposed and 0.26 in the control subjects. In addition, the average muconic acid in the exposed and control subjects decreased to 1.57 and 0.89, respectively. The minimum and maximum amounts of muconic and hippuric acids in the exposed subjects were 0.97 and 2.62, as well as 0.14 and 0.83, respectively. The maximum and minimum concentrations of muconic and hippuric acids were 2.62 and 0.97, as well as 0
背景与目的:石化工业作为一种现代工业,虽然给人类带来了积极的成果,但它也是气体和气溶胶污染和工业废水的大规模来源,对环境和人类生活具有直接和间接的破坏性影响。本研究探讨了不同暴露时间和不同暴露方式下石化作业工人尿液中苯的含量与反式、反式mucic酸(ttMA)和马尿酸代谢物含量的关系。材料与方法:为此,采用国家职业安全卫生研究所1501方法对博阿里西纳不同石化工厂的呼吸空气进行采样,并对这些单位的工人(n = 24)进行尿液采样。此外,对送至实验室的尿样采用高效气相色谱-质谱联用装置和气液色谱法分析空气样品中苯的含量以及尿中ttMA和马尿酸代谢物的含量。最后用紫外可见分光光度计测定尿肌酐。结果:结果表明,芳香族单元中苯的浓度最高,污染程度高于两个标准。与OSHA PEL-STEL(时间加权平均)标准相比,浓度为3.6µg/m3的二甲苯混合装置、苯含量为3.4µg/m3的装载装置和2.8µg/m3的储罐装置的苯污染水平较低,但与OSHA PEL-TWA(时间加权平均)标准相比,污染水平较高。在苯含量为0.94µg/m3的实验室取样单元和实验室技术员单元,污染均低于OSHA PEL-TWA和OSHA PEL-STEL标准。芳香族单位苯含量最高,而最低的苯含量与实验室部分有关。结论:尿苯代谢物测定结果显示,夜班工人尿酚浓度和吸入苯浓度均高于早班工人,这可能是由于夜间污染水平高于早晨。另一方面,结果表明暴露者(n=24)的平均hippuric acid高于对照组(n=20),暴露者为0.35,对照组为0.26。此外,暴露组和对照组的平均黏液酸分别降至1.57和0.89。暴露对象的黏液酸和马尿酸最低和最高含量分别为0.97和2.62,0.14和0.83。暴露对象黏液酸和马尿酸的最高和最低浓度分别为2.62和0.97,0.83和0.14,均低于黏液酸。
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of Hygiene Sciences
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