Mina Salehi, Asma Zare, Mahdi Malakoutikhah, Salman Farahbakhsh
Background & Aims: Lead (Pb) may cause cognitive impairments in both recent acute and chronic exposures. In this study, the effect of Pb exposure on the relationship between neurobehavioral characteristics and productivity was evaluated among battery manufacturing workers. Materials and Methods: In general, 179 production workers and 179 office workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Venous blood sampling was used to measure the level of Pb in the blood. Psychomotor performance and intellectual functioning were measured using the digit symbol substitution test and the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised, respectively. Finally, productivity was assessed using a health and work performance questionnaire. Results: Exposed workers had a significantly higher level of Pb, while a lower level of intellectual functioning and psychomotor performance than non-exposed workers. The results of linear regression indicated that the increase in the blood level of Pb was accompanied by a significant decrease in the positive effects of intellectual functioning on productivity. However, exposure to Pb had no effect on the relationship between psychomotor performance and productivity. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to Pb affected the relationship between psycho-diagnostic performance and productivity and could induce neurobehavioral dysfunction in the exposed workers. For the early detection of cognitive impairment, the neurobehavioral assessment is recommended to be implemented in work assessments.
{"title":"Does Occupational Lead Exposure Affect the Relationship Between Neurobehavioral Characteristics and Productivity?","authors":"Mina Salehi, Asma Zare, Mahdi Malakoutikhah, Salman Farahbakhsh","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.414","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Lead (Pb) may cause cognitive impairments in both recent acute and chronic exposures. In this study, the effect of Pb exposure on the relationship between neurobehavioral characteristics and productivity was evaluated among battery manufacturing workers. Materials and Methods: In general, 179 production workers and 179 office workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Venous blood sampling was used to measure the level of Pb in the blood. Psychomotor performance and intellectual functioning were measured using the digit symbol substitution test and the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised, respectively. Finally, productivity was assessed using a health and work performance questionnaire. Results: Exposed workers had a significantly higher level of Pb, while a lower level of intellectual functioning and psychomotor performance than non-exposed workers. The results of linear regression indicated that the increase in the blood level of Pb was accompanied by a significant decrease in the positive effects of intellectual functioning on productivity. However, exposure to Pb had no effect on the relationship between psychomotor performance and productivity. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to Pb affected the relationship between psycho-diagnostic performance and productivity and could induce neurobehavioral dysfunction in the exposed workers. For the early detection of cognitive impairment, the neurobehavioral assessment is recommended to be implemented in work assessments.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49006066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bahmani, P. Taymoori, F. Gharibi, Narges Ahmadipour
Background & Aims: people’s responsibility for protection behaviors against COVID-19 has a vital role in stopping chaining of transmission and, Adherence to preventive measures can be affected by psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the survey of corona protection behaviors based on the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) in women referred to Marivan health centers in 2021, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive (cross-sectional) study, were carried out between 380 women referring to health centers in Marivan in 2021. The samples were selected by the random cluster sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic information and the construct of PAPM. Results: Results showed that people in the fifth and sixth stages of the model obtained higher scores in the model construct and the second and fourth stages of the model received the lowest scores. Conclusion: Uniform education for the general public may not have the expected results for protective behaviors and prevention of diseases, so education should be based on step-by-step models of health education and variables affecting individual decisions.
{"title":"Study of COVID-19 Protective Behaviors Based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model PAPM in Women (Marivan, Iran)","authors":"A. Bahmani, P. Taymoori, F. Gharibi, Narges Ahmadipour","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.399","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: people’s responsibility for protection behaviors against COVID-19 has a vital role in stopping chaining of transmission and, Adherence to preventive measures can be affected by psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the survey of corona protection behaviors based on the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) in women referred to Marivan health centers in 2021, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive (cross-sectional) study, were carried out between 380 women referring to health centers in Marivan in 2021. The samples were selected by the random cluster sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic information and the construct of PAPM. Results: Results showed that people in the fifth and sixth stages of the model obtained higher scores in the model construct and the second and fourth stages of the model received the lowest scores. Conclusion: Uniform education for the general public may not have the expected results for protective behaviors and prevention of diseases, so education should be based on step-by-step models of health education and variables affecting individual decisions.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyedeh Sahar Mirmoeini, Abbas Ali Sari, A. Goudarztalejerdi, Mohammadreza Pajohi Alamoti, H. Staji
Background & Aims: Today, food-borne diseases are known as one of the most important public health concerns in many countries. Campylobacter is one of the most prevalent food-borne pathogens. Raw chicken meat has been reported as the main source of human campylobacteriosis. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species among broiler carcasses at industrial slaughterhouses in Hamedan province, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: Totally, 100 samples were collected using sterile swabs from chicken skin at the post-scalding stage. The samples were enriched in Brucella broth containing Campylobacter selective supplement and incubated at 42º C for 48-72 hours under microaerophilic conditions. The molecular detection and identification of Campylobacter species were performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using cadF and Hip primers for detecting Campylobacter species and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. Results: The results of this study revealed that 81% and 31% of broiler carcasses were positive for the presence of Campylobacter species and C. jejuni, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high contamination rate of chicken meat with this pathogen, precise hygienic control of poultry meat and an increase in consumer awareness seem necessary to decrease human campylobacteriosis.
{"title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. Among Broiler Carcasses at Industrial Slaughterhouses in Hamedan, Iran","authors":"Seyedeh Sahar Mirmoeini, Abbas Ali Sari, A. Goudarztalejerdi, Mohammadreza Pajohi Alamoti, H. Staji","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.393","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Today, food-borne diseases are known as one of the most important public health concerns in many countries. Campylobacter is one of the most prevalent food-borne pathogens. Raw chicken meat has been reported as the main source of human campylobacteriosis. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species among broiler carcasses at industrial slaughterhouses in Hamedan province, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: Totally, 100 samples were collected using sterile swabs from chicken skin at the post-scalding stage. The samples were enriched in Brucella broth containing Campylobacter selective supplement and incubated at 42º C for 48-72 hours under microaerophilic conditions. The molecular detection and identification of Campylobacter species were performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using cadF and Hip primers for detecting Campylobacter species and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. Results: The results of this study revealed that 81% and 31% of broiler carcasses were positive for the presence of Campylobacter species and C. jejuni, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high contamination rate of chicken meat with this pathogen, precise hygienic control of poultry meat and an increase in consumer awareness seem necessary to decrease human campylobacteriosis.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49339072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaleh Kariminezhad, Sina Attar Roshan, S. Sabzalipour, Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani, A. Shirvany
Background & Aims: Dust is one of the phenomena affecting the environment’s quality. The change in the vital indices of plant species is one of its important effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dust on the rate of photosynthesis and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. in the city of Ahvaz in 2020. Materials and Methods: A number of 10 Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. trees were selected in each municipal district of Ahvaz metropolis. From each tree, one leaf sample was selected in the 4 main geographical directions, i.e., 4 samples from each tree species; overall, 40 leaf samples were collected in the whole region and sent to the laboratory to investigate the level of dust particles deposited in the four seasons of the year. Photosynthesis was measured based on the amount of chlorophyll by a spectrophotometer, and the APTI was calculated using Agbaire et al.’s method. Results: The results of measuring the weight of dust deposited on the leaves of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. trees in the city of Ahvaz showed that the greatest amount of dust was deposited on the leaves in the geographical north direction. The highest rate of photosynthesis was in the fall (53.76), and the lowest was in the spring (35.97). The mean APTI score of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. species in Ahvaz was 4.77. Conclusion: These results indicate that this species has a favorable APTI against environmental pollutants, including dust. In general, the results of the present study confirm the significant association of the dust deposited on the leaves of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. with the rate of photosynthesis and the APTI.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Dust on the Rate of Photosynthesis and Air Pollution Tolerance Index of the Leaves of Ziziphusspina-christi (L.) Willd. in the City of Ahvaz","authors":"Zhaleh Kariminezhad, Sina Attar Roshan, S. Sabzalipour, Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani, A. Shirvany","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.1.404","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Dust is one of the phenomena affecting the environment’s quality. The change in the vital indices of plant species is one of its important effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dust on the rate of photosynthesis and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. in the city of Ahvaz in 2020. Materials and Methods: A number of 10 Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. trees were selected in each municipal district of Ahvaz metropolis. From each tree, one leaf sample was selected in the 4 main geographical directions, i.e., 4 samples from each tree species; overall, 40 leaf samples were collected in the whole region and sent to the laboratory to investigate the level of dust particles deposited in the four seasons of the year. Photosynthesis was measured based on the amount of chlorophyll by a spectrophotometer, and the APTI was calculated using Agbaire et al.’s method. Results: The results of measuring the weight of dust deposited on the leaves of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. trees in the city of Ahvaz showed that the greatest amount of dust was deposited on the leaves in the geographical north direction. The highest rate of photosynthesis was in the fall (53.76), and the lowest was in the spring (35.97). The mean APTI score of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. species in Ahvaz was 4.77. Conclusion: These results indicate that this species has a favorable APTI against environmental pollutants, including dust. In general, the results of the present study confirm the significant association of the dust deposited on the leaves of Z. spina-christi (L.) Willd. with the rate of photosynthesis and the APTI.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Khammar, M. Nouri, Elham Saber, A. Miri, Javad Vatani, Mehran Maleki Roveshdi
Background & Aims: Dust storms, which are considered natural occurrences, have harmed the global population’s health as a result of the broad increase in climate change. The most serious consequences of these alterations are cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review study focused on the effect of dust storms and climatic factors on mortality and morbidity in worldwide and assessed the prediction of these diseases based on changes in each of the meteorological factors and dust storms. Materials and Methods: For data collection, English literature was searched using keywords "dust storm" and "respiratory disorders" or "cardiovascular disease" or "cerebrovascular disease" in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as databases, along with Google Scholar as engine search. The first step was to use statistics on the number of instances of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. The association between the occurrence of these diseases and variations in climatic factors underwent assessment. Results: Adverse repercussions could be noticed when dust storms were paired with changes in metrological parameters. More local information about the link of these diseases with dust storms and changes in metrological variables in the nation, as well as their capacity to anticipate them, is needed to prevent and reduce the health risk of these diseases. Conclusion: In areas prone to dust storms, the population will be prone to its effects and consequences. Thus, preventive measures are beneficial at the community level.
背景与目的:沙尘暴被认为是自然现象，由于气候变化的普遍加剧，已经损害了全球人口的健康。这些改变最严重的后果是心、肺和脑血管疾病。本文综述了沙尘暴和气候因素对全球范围内的死亡率和发病率的影响，并根据气象因素和沙尘暴的变化对这些疾病的预测进行了评估。材料与方法:数据收集时，以PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus中的关键词“dust storm”、“respiratory disorders”或“cardiovascular disease”、“cerebrovascular disease”为检索词，以谷歌Scholar为搜索引擎进行英文文献检索。第一步是对心脑血管和呼吸系统疾病的病例数量进行统计。对这些疾病的发生与气候因素变化之间的关系进行了评估。结果:沙尘暴与气象参数变化配对时，可引起不良影响。为了预防和减少这些疾病的健康风险，需要更多关于这些疾病与沙尘暴之间的联系和国家计量变量变化的当地信息，以及它们预测沙尘暴的能力。结论:在沙尘暴多发地区，人们更容易受到沙尘暴的影响和后果。因此，预防措施在社区一级是有益的。
{"title":"Dust Storm Effect and Climatological Factors on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Respiratory Diseases: A Literature Review","authors":"Alireza Khammar, M. Nouri, Elham Saber, A. Miri, Javad Vatani, Mehran Maleki Roveshdi","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Dust storms, which are considered natural occurrences, have harmed the global population’s health as a result of the broad increase in climate change. The most serious consequences of these alterations are cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review study focused on the effect of dust storms and climatic factors on mortality and morbidity in worldwide and assessed the prediction of these diseases based on changes in each of the meteorological factors and dust storms. Materials and Methods: For data collection, English literature was searched using keywords \"dust storm\" and \"respiratory disorders\" or \"cardiovascular disease\" or \"cerebrovascular disease\" in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as databases, along with Google Scholar as engine search. The first step was to use statistics on the number of instances of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. The association between the occurrence of these diseases and variations in climatic factors underwent assessment. Results: Adverse repercussions could be noticed when dust storms were paired with changes in metrological parameters. More local information about the link of these diseases with dust storms and changes in metrological variables in the nation, as well as their capacity to anticipate them, is needed to prevent and reduce the health risk of these diseases. Conclusion: In areas prone to dust storms, the population will be prone to its effects and consequences. Thus, preventive measures are beneficial at the community level.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: Crisis refers to events or situations that suddenly occur due to natural and human accidents and functions and impose difficulties and problems on a human collection. Crisis management enables an organization to eliminate some of the crises, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), manage some others efficiently, and acquire the required tools for rapid and thorough learning from the occurred crises. The present study aimed to evaluate the conditions of crisis management of industries and problems of health, safety, and environment (HSE) staff in confronting COVID-19 in Qom province. Materials and Methods: The present research is a qualitative study based on content analysis. The participants included 23 staff working at the HSE center of industries that entered the study through a random convenient method from various industries and organizations. Questions on evaluating the preparedness and response to crisis sections were designed and completed. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA V10 software. Results: The analysis of the data regarding investigated companies indicated that 21 companies (91.3%) were privately owned, and two companies (8.7%) were semi-private. Regarding the field of activity, the companies were also active in 9 groups. The mean number of staff in the investigated companies and the mean number of HSE staff were 154.48 and 1.48 people, respectively. The content analysis clarified that only in 11 investigated collections (47.83%) had the managers noticed it before identifying COVID-19. Providing disinfectants and personal protective equipment was the most critical problem in confronting COVID-19. Simplification of the disease and non-compliance with the instructions by staff were also placed in the next rank. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the conditions of preparedness and response to the COVID-19 crisis were not of the desired status in the investigated collections. Increasing the number of staff in the HSE center and applying the general principles of crisis management, especially planning and taking a lesson from past crises, can help increase the level of preparedness of organizations and industries for probable future crises.
{"title":"Evaluating the Conditions of Crisis Management of Industries and Problems of Health, Safety, and Environment Staff in Confronting Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Qualitative Study in Qom Province","authors":"M. Khandan, A. Koohpaei, A. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.2.11.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.11.32","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Crisis refers to events or situations that suddenly occur due to natural and human accidents and functions and impose difficulties and problems on a human collection. Crisis management enables an organization to eliminate some of the crises, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), manage some others efficiently, and acquire the required tools for rapid and thorough learning from the occurred crises. The present study aimed to evaluate the conditions of crisis management of industries and problems of health, safety, and environment (HSE) staff in confronting COVID-19 in Qom province. Materials and Methods: The present research is a qualitative study based on content analysis. The participants included 23 staff working at the HSE center of industries that entered the study through a random convenient method from various industries and organizations. Questions on evaluating the preparedness and response to crisis sections were designed and completed. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA V10 software. Results: The analysis of the data regarding investigated companies indicated that 21 companies (91.3%) were privately owned, and two companies (8.7%) were semi-private. Regarding the field of activity, the companies were also active in 9 groups. The mean number of staff in the investigated companies and the mean number of HSE staff were 154.48 and 1.48 people, respectively. The content analysis clarified that only in 11 investigated collections (47.83%) had the managers noticed it before identifying COVID-19. Providing disinfectants and personal protective equipment was the most critical problem in confronting COVID-19. Simplification of the disease and non-compliance with the instructions by staff were also placed in the next rank. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the conditions of preparedness and response to the COVID-19 crisis were not of the desired status in the investigated collections. Increasing the number of staff in the HSE center and applying the general principles of crisis management, especially planning and taking a lesson from past crises, can help increase the level of preparedness of organizations and industries for probable future crises.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-18DOI: 10.34172/ahs.12.1.13.349
Sara Birgani, Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani, R. Behbash, S. Sabzalipour
Background & Aims: Heavy metals are highly stable in wetland and marine environments and can be toxic to organisms. Wetland birds play a vital role in the life cycle and food chain. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in the organs of red-wattled lapwings in Shadegan wetland in 2019. Materials and Methods: Pb, Hg, Ni, and Cu were studied in this descriptive-applied study. Ten red-wattled lapwings were randomly prepared in Western Shadegan wetland and with the coordination of the environmental unit of the region through hunting in December 2019. A graphite furnace spectrometer, GBcA made in Australia, was used to determine the amounts of these elements in liver, kidney, and tail feathers. The LOD and relative standard deviation of sampling were also determined, and finally, the results were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Results: Based on the results, the highest cumulative concentration belonged to Cu. Its mean values in the liver, kidney, and tail feathers were 4.16%, 3.95%, and 1.77 mg/kg, respectively. The highest and lowest means of Pb, Hg, Ni, and heavy Cu elements in the kidney tissue were 1.974 and 1.08 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the kidney was the most important tissue accumulating heavy elements in red-wattled lapwing. Conclusion: Overall, there were significant amounts of heavy elements in various organs of the red-wattled lapwing present in Shadegan wetland. These results indicated the relatively high levels of pollution in Shadegan wetland compared to some other bird habitats in Iran, which is probably attributed to the oil, gas, petrochemical, and sugarcane industries around Shadegan wetland.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Heavy Elements in the Organs of Red-Wattled Lapwing in Shadegan Wetland","authors":"Sara Birgani, Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani, R. Behbash, S. Sabzalipour","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.1.13.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.1.13.349","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Heavy metals are highly stable in wetland and marine environments and can be toxic to organisms. Wetland birds play a vital role in the life cycle and food chain. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in the organs of red-wattled lapwings in Shadegan wetland in 2019. Materials and Methods: Pb, Hg, Ni, and Cu were studied in this descriptive-applied study. Ten red-wattled lapwings were randomly prepared in Western Shadegan wetland and with the coordination of the environmental unit of the region through hunting in December 2019. A graphite furnace spectrometer, GBcA made in Australia, was used to determine the amounts of these elements in liver, kidney, and tail feathers. The LOD and relative standard deviation of sampling were also determined, and finally, the results were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Results: Based on the results, the highest cumulative concentration belonged to Cu. Its mean values in the liver, kidney, and tail feathers were 4.16%, 3.95%, and 1.77 mg/kg, respectively. The highest and lowest means of Pb, Hg, Ni, and heavy Cu elements in the kidney tissue were 1.974 and 1.08 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the kidney was the most important tissue accumulating heavy elements in red-wattled lapwing. Conclusion: Overall, there were significant amounts of heavy elements in various organs of the red-wattled lapwing present in Shadegan wetland. These results indicated the relatively high levels of pollution in Shadegan wetland compared to some other bird habitats in Iran, which is probably attributed to the oil, gas, petrochemical, and sugarcane industries around Shadegan wetland.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48731028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Reza Ahmad Joshaghani, M. Esmaeili, Hamid Sajadi Hazave
Background & Aims: Productivity and profitability among cycling tourists are important. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological-motivational, humanistic-educational and cultural factors in the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as qualitative-quantitative research that included interviewing experts and designing a questionnaire. The questionnaire included psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and welfare factors, which were prepared through interviews with 13 experts, and 278 subjects were examined using a random sampling method. Results: The results of open code interviews and questionnaires were as follows. These findings were managers’ expertise and experience in the field of sports tourism, focusing on training and increasing motivation of the organization’s educated employees, detecting and solving economic problems, increasing welfare and livelihood, and using the PLS software. The relationships between the categories and the identified variables were psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and productive cycling tourism, and had a good fit. Conclusion: Psychological-motivational, human-educational and cultural factors had an effect on the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists and the model had a good fit. Therefore, based on the results, the tourism organization should have effective and accurate procedures in applying the present model to be productive and consider influential factors (both psychological-motivational, human-educational, and cultural) in their programs.
{"title":"Identification of Psychological-Motivational, Humanistic-Educational, and Cultural Factors Affecting the Sports Performance of Tourist Cyclists","authors":"Ali Reza Ahmad Joshaghani, M. Esmaeili, Hamid Sajadi Hazave","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.367","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Productivity and profitability among cycling tourists are important. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological-motivational, humanistic-educational and cultural factors in the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as qualitative-quantitative research that included interviewing experts and designing a questionnaire. The questionnaire included psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and welfare factors, which were prepared through interviews with 13 experts, and 278 subjects were examined using a random sampling method. Results: The results of open code interviews and questionnaires were as follows. These findings were managers’ expertise and experience in the field of sports tourism, focusing on training and increasing motivation of the organization’s educated employees, detecting and solving economic problems, increasing welfare and livelihood, and using the PLS software. The relationships between the categories and the identified variables were psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and productive cycling tourism, and had a good fit. Conclusion: Psychological-motivational, human-educational and cultural factors had an effect on the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists and the model had a good fit. Therefore, based on the results, the tourism organization should have effective and accurate procedures in applying the present model to be productive and consider influential factors (both psychological-motivational, human-educational, and cultural) in their programs.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Seify, H. Ahmadi, M. Peyravi, M. Esfahanian
Background & Aims: The membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR) process is the integration of biological treatment and membrane technology. Accordingly, in this study, an MABR was employed for the pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment. Materials and Methods: The purchased powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to the system as an adsorbent which improved the flux of the membrane. Results: Based on the obtained results, the organic compounds were successfully removed by the average removal of 62% and 86% without and with an adsorbent, respectively. Moreover, the activated sludge was prepared from the Babol-Toyoor Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, and adding the PAC to the activated sludge led to the better performance of the MABR system by providing a proper condition for microorganism growth. Monitoring the mixed liquid suspended solids during the process demonstrated that increasing mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) increased the contaminant removal rate. Conclusion: Overall, the presence of PAC could prevent microorganisms from accumulating on the membrane surface.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bio-Membrane System Efficiency Optimized With Nanotechnology for Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater","authors":"Alireza Seify, H. Ahmadi, M. Peyravi, M. Esfahanian","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.384","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: The membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR) process is the integration of biological treatment and membrane technology. Accordingly, in this study, an MABR was employed for the pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment. Materials and Methods: The purchased powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to the system as an adsorbent which improved the flux of the membrane. Results: Based on the obtained results, the organic compounds were successfully removed by the average removal of 62% and 86% without and with an adsorbent, respectively. Moreover, the activated sludge was prepared from the Babol-Toyoor Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, and adding the PAC to the activated sludge led to the better performance of the MABR system by providing a proper condition for microorganism growth. Monitoring the mixed liquid suspended solids during the process demonstrated that increasing mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) increased the contaminant removal rate. Conclusion: Overall, the presence of PAC could prevent microorganisms from accumulating on the membrane surface.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48454511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: Marital infidelity is regarded as a behavioral disorder with undesirable impacts that leads to considerable damages and problems for both the betraying and betrayed spouses. The present study aimed to investigate the association between marital infidelity based on fear of intimacy and self-differentiation through the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in women with marital conflict. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population included all women with marital conflict visiting the consulting centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 144 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale, the Fear-of-Intimacy Scale (FIS), and the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient as an inferential statistical test, and SEM. Results: The results revealed that all direct paths to marital infidelity were significant (P<0.001), except self-differentiation. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between fear of intimacy and infidelity as well as self-differentiation and infidelity through the mediating role of sexual satisfaction (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that fear of intimacy and self-differentiation can predict marital infidelity through the mediation of sexual satisfaction. Therefore, family counselors should take these factors into account to reduce the psychological problems of women experiencing marital conflict and improve their marital relationships.
{"title":"Association Between Marital Infidelity Based on Fear of Intimacy and Self-differentiation Through the Mediating Role of Sexual Satisfaction in Women with Marital Conflict","authors":"Zeinab Sarhani, R. Homaei","doi":"10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.1.1.386","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Marital infidelity is regarded as a behavioral disorder with undesirable impacts that leads to considerable damages and problems for both the betraying and betrayed spouses. The present study aimed to investigate the association between marital infidelity based on fear of intimacy and self-differentiation through the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in women with marital conflict. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population included all women with marital conflict visiting the consulting centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 144 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale, the Fear-of-Intimacy Scale (FIS), and the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient as an inferential statistical test, and SEM. Results: The results revealed that all direct paths to marital infidelity were significant (P<0.001), except self-differentiation. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between fear of intimacy and infidelity as well as self-differentiation and infidelity through the mediating role of sexual satisfaction (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that fear of intimacy and self-differentiation can predict marital infidelity through the mediation of sexual satisfaction. Therefore, family counselors should take these factors into account to reduce the psychological problems of women experiencing marital conflict and improve their marital relationships.","PeriodicalId":8299,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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