Abstract:This essay explores some of the historical sources available in the case of one young, rural, black girl in mid-century Puerto Rico. When Herminia (pseudonym) was eleven years old, the colonial state–in the form of social workers–invaded her life. That intrusion into the young girl's home and community generated paperwork, such as correspondence and social work case studies. The first part of this essay explores these social welfare documents (as well as census records) and the story they tell about black childhoods in Puerto Rico. The second half sets aside the social workers' version of Herminia's life story and instead explore her childhood in relation to her extended family and their long history in rural Western Puerto Rico. A variety of religious and civil records allows the historian of childhood to apply a broader lens to Herminia's story in particular, as well as to the stories of other rural black children in Puerto Rico.
{"title":"\"Una niña humilde y de color\": Sources for the History of an Afro-Puerto Rican Childhood","authors":"S. Moral","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores some of the historical sources available in the case of one young, rural, black girl in mid-century Puerto Rico. When Herminia (pseudonym) was eleven years old, the colonial state–in the form of social workers–invaded her life. That intrusion into the young girl's home and community generated paperwork, such as correspondence and social work case studies. The first part of this essay explores these social welfare documents (as well as census records) and the story they tell about black childhoods in Puerto Rico. The second half sets aside the social workers' version of Herminia's life story and instead explore her childhood in relation to her extended family and their long history in rural Western Puerto Rico. A variety of religious and civil records allows the historian of childhood to apply a broader lens to Herminia's story in particular, as well as to the stories of other rural black children in Puerto Rico.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"1 1","pages":"192 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the early 1980s, the Government of Panama offered 360 Salvadoran refugees, over half of whom were under the age of fifteen, the opportunity to resettle along the Atlantic coast of Panama. By the end of the decade, this settlement–known as Ciudad Romero–was widely considered a success. This article examines how and why the Panamanian government provided such special treatment for this group of refugees, while simultaneously carrying out far less generous refugee policies, including the closing of the border to prevent the entry of other Salvadorans. Archival sources suggest that the Panamanian government, particularly under General Omar Torrijos, practised a calculated level of generosity to a limited number of refugee families. This was recognized by the state as strategic acts of sovereignty, nationalism, and anti-US imperialism in the context of the Cold War. Furthermore, this curated selection of mainly refugee mothers and children, created an opportunity to criticize US foreign policy in the region.
{"title":"Ciudad Romero: The Salvadoran Refugee Family and Panamanian Statecraft under the Torrijos Regime","authors":"Rachael de la Cruz","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the early 1980s, the Government of Panama offered 360 Salvadoran refugees, over half of whom were under the age of fifteen, the opportunity to resettle along the Atlantic coast of Panama. By the end of the decade, this settlement–known as Ciudad Romero–was widely considered a success. This article examines how and why the Panamanian government provided such special treatment for this group of refugees, while simultaneously carrying out far less generous refugee policies, including the closing of the border to prevent the entry of other Salvadorans. Archival sources suggest that the Panamanian government, particularly under General Omar Torrijos, practised a calculated level of generosity to a limited number of refugee families. This was recognized by the state as strategic acts of sovereignty, nationalism, and anti-US imperialism in the context of the Cold War. Furthermore, this curated selection of mainly refugee mothers and children, created an opportunity to criticize US foreign policy in the region.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"53 1","pages":"245 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jch.2019.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histories of Childhood in the Caribbean: New Perspectives and Methodologies","authors":"S. Roper","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"23 1","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82175371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Antonia Sáez Torres (10 May 1889–20 July 1964) was born and raised in Humacao, Puerto Rico. Her memoirs, Caminos del recuerdo, were published in 1967. However, there has not been much published analysis of them. This article examines the conditions and changes in the educational system of Puerto Rico during the early twentieth century under the US occupation and provides a glimpse into the efforts of predominantly Afro-descended artisans, professionals, and day-laborers in Puerto Rico striving towards social and cultural uplift.
摘要:安东尼娅Sáez托雷斯(1889年5月10日- 1964年7月20日)，出生于波多黎各的胡马索。她的回忆录《重生之旅》(Caminos del recerdo)于1967年出版。然而，关于它们的分析并没有很多发表。本文考察了20世纪初美国占领下波多黎各教育系统的状况和变化，并提供了波多黎各以非洲裔为主的工匠、专业人士和临时工努力争取社会和文化提升的一瞥。
{"title":"Antonia Sáez Torres and Colonial Education in Early Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico","authors":"G. Jiménez-Muñoz","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Antonia Sáez Torres (10 May 1889–20 July 1964) was born and raised in Humacao, Puerto Rico. Her memoirs, Caminos del recuerdo, were published in 1967. However, there has not been much published analysis of them. This article examines the conditions and changes in the educational system of Puerto Rico during the early twentieth century under the US occupation and provides a glimpse into the efforts of predominantly Afro-descended artisans, professionals, and day-laborers in Puerto Rico striving towards social and cultural uplift.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"14 1","pages":"117 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91206233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the 1760s, a maroon community developed in the island of Dominica's interior. They sustained themselves independently for more than fifty years. These maroons, however, were universal emancipationists–a nation that attempted to destroy all traces of slavery in their midst. Furthermore, though their existence ran concurrent with the French Revolution, these maroons, for the most part, avoided integration with that movement. They preserved their own independent philosophies, not rooted in European thought, but African, more particularly, Igbo philosophy. The philosophy of Dominica's maroons was the reason for their endured successes, but was also the leading factor contributing to their eventual demise.
{"title":"Maroon Emancipationists: Dominica's Africans and Igbos in the Age of Revolution, 1763–1814","authors":"N. Vaz","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the 1760s, a maroon community developed in the island of Dominica's interior. They sustained themselves independently for more than fifty years. These maroons, however, were universal emancipationists–a nation that attempted to destroy all traces of slavery in their midst. Furthermore, though their existence ran concurrent with the French Revolution, these maroons, for the most part, avoided integration with that movement. They preserved their own independent philosophies, not rooted in European thought, but African, more particularly, Igbo philosophy. The philosophy of Dominica's maroons was the reason for their endured successes, but was also the leading factor contributing to their eventual demise.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"17 1","pages":"27 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84230402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the British in the early twentieth century as a part of the British colonizing scheme. As in all important areas of colonial management and affairs, white cricketers also occupied the highest positions of the game. By the decade following World War II, however, Black, Asian, and some Portuguese cricketers were making gradual inroads into the highest positions of the game, mainly because of their talent and the relaxation of strict race relations that once disfavoured non-whites. The result was that by the mid-1970s not only did black cricketers form the majority members of the West Indies team but they also became the most powerful cricketing team in the world until the early 1990s. Cricket players like Wes Hall, Gary Sobers, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Viv Richards, Lawrence Rowe, Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharan, Larry Gomes, Michael Holding, Colin Croft, Malcolm Marshall, Curtley Ambrose, Brian Lara, Shiv Chanderpaul, to name a few, became household names among cricket fans in the English-speaking Caribbean and across the world. It is within this context of domination and popularity that author Edwin L. Martin situates the story of Jim Allen, a cricketer from Montserrat, a tiny island in the Leeward Caribbean. The book’s narrative revolves around how Allen, although talented, was never picked by selectors to play for the West Indies test team. “Fearless, ferocious and frenetic he dazzled fans with his power [and] Jim was a powerful batsman. He powered with potent beauty. It was beautiful to watch” (40). Like so many West Indian cricketers of that period, Jim Allen did not receive any formal coaching on how to play cricket. Young West Indian cricketers learn to play cricket by watching other cricketers on the playground or on television or by receiving advice here and there from senior players whenever possible. “Jim’s education in cricket was unconventional. He Edwin L. Martin, Stranded Batsman. Meadville, Pennsylvania: Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2017, 284 pp. ISBN: 9781530956777, 60 photos
作为英国殖民计划的一部分正如在殖民地管理和事务的所有重要领域一样，白人板球运动员也占据了比赛的最高位置。然而，在第二次世界大战后的十年里，黑人、亚洲人和一些葡萄牙板球运动员逐渐进入了这项运动的最高位置，这主要是因为他们的天赋和曾经不受非白人欢迎的严格的种族关系的放松。结果是，到20世纪70年代中期，黑人板球运动员不仅成为西印度群岛队的主要成员，而且直到20世纪90年代初，他们还成为世界上最强大的板球队。板球运动员，如韦斯·霍尔、加里·索伯斯、罗汉·坎海、克莱夫·劳埃德、维夫·理查兹、劳伦斯·罗、安迪·罗伯茨、阿尔文·卡利查兰、拉里·戈麦斯、迈克尔·霍林、科林·克罗夫特、马尔科姆·马歇尔、科特利·安布罗斯、布莱恩·拉拉、希夫·钱德尔保罗等，在说英语的加勒比地区和全世界的板球迷中成为家喻户晓的名字。正是在这种统治和受欢迎的背景下，作家埃德温·l·马丁(Edwin L. Martin)将吉姆·艾伦(Jim Allen)的故事置于这种背景下，他是一名来自加勒比海背风小岛蒙特塞拉特(Montserrat)的板球运动员。这本书围绕着艾伦的故事展开，尽管他很有天赋，但他从未被选拔者选中参加西印度群岛的测试队。“他无畏、凶猛、狂热，他的力量让球迷眼花缭乱，吉姆是一名强大的击球手。他拥有强大的美。看起来很美”(40)。像那个时期的许多西印度板球运动员一样，吉姆·艾伦没有接受过任何关于如何打板球的正式指导。年轻的西印度板球运动员通过在操场上或电视上观看其他板球运动员或尽可能从这里和那里接受资深球员的建议来学习打板球。“吉姆接受的板球教育是非常规的。他是埃德温·马丁，《搁浅的击球手》。宾夕法尼亚州Meadville: Create Space独立出版平台，2017,284页。ISBN: 9781530956777, 60张照片
{"title":"Stranded Batsman by Edwin L. Martin (review)","authors":"Lomarsh Roopnarine","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0000","url":null,"abstract":"the British in the early twentieth century as a part of the British colonizing scheme. As in all important areas of colonial management and affairs, white cricketers also occupied the highest positions of the game. By the decade following World War II, however, Black, Asian, and some Portuguese cricketers were making gradual inroads into the highest positions of the game, mainly because of their talent and the relaxation of strict race relations that once disfavoured non-whites. The result was that by the mid-1970s not only did black cricketers form the majority members of the West Indies team but they also became the most powerful cricketing team in the world until the early 1990s. Cricket players like Wes Hall, Gary Sobers, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Viv Richards, Lawrence Rowe, Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharan, Larry Gomes, Michael Holding, Colin Croft, Malcolm Marshall, Curtley Ambrose, Brian Lara, Shiv Chanderpaul, to name a few, became household names among cricket fans in the English-speaking Caribbean and across the world. It is within this context of domination and popularity that author Edwin L. Martin situates the story of Jim Allen, a cricketer from Montserrat, a tiny island in the Leeward Caribbean. The book’s narrative revolves around how Allen, although talented, was never picked by selectors to play for the West Indies test team. “Fearless, ferocious and frenetic he dazzled fans with his power [and] Jim was a powerful batsman. He powered with potent beauty. It was beautiful to watch” (40). Like so many West Indian cricketers of that period, Jim Allen did not receive any formal coaching on how to play cricket. Young West Indian cricketers learn to play cricket by watching other cricketers on the playground or on television or by receiving advice here and there from senior players whenever possible. “Jim’s education in cricket was unconventional. He Edwin L. Martin, Stranded Batsman. Meadville, Pennsylvania: Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2017, 284 pp. ISBN: 9781530956777, 60 photos","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"25 1","pages":"181 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82996174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:US newspapers introduced American readers to Toussaint Louverture as a military leader charging into battle and a protector of white people in war-torn Saint-Domingue. Louverture worked to cultivate such images across the Atlantic world to allay white American fears of black violence, stoked by racial biases and slanted US print coverage of the Haitian Revolution. Following his arrest, deportation, and death, white Americans remained fascinated by the life of the famous revolutionary leader. This essay argues that Louverture shaped the news carried to the United States of America for consumption by white Americans as part of strategic public diplomacy. It details the efforts Louverture employed from 1795 to 1802 to portray his evolving roles in Hispaniola in such a way that encouraged white Americans to contemplate bilateral relations with an independent nation of black people in the Caribbean.
{"title":"\"A Very Curious Game\": The Racialized Public Diplomacy of Toussaint Louverture in the United States","authors":"R. A. Johnson","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:US newspapers introduced American readers to Toussaint Louverture as a military leader charging into battle and a protector of white people in war-torn Saint-Domingue. Louverture worked to cultivate such images across the Atlantic world to allay white American fears of black violence, stoked by racial biases and slanted US print coverage of the Haitian Revolution. Following his arrest, deportation, and death, white Americans remained fascinated by the life of the famous revolutionary leader. This essay argues that Louverture shaped the news carried to the United States of America for consumption by white Americans as part of strategic public diplomacy. It details the efforts Louverture employed from 1795 to 1802 to portray his evolving roles in Hispaniola in such a way that encouraged white Americans to contemplate bilateral relations with an independent nation of black people in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"80 1","pages":"116 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76093333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commemorating the 50th Conference of the Association of Caribbean Historians in 2018","authors":"R.M.A.L. Hofte","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"77 1","pages":"ix - ix"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88757019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:A first day cover refers to a postage stamp on a stamped envelope or postal card franked on the first day the issue is authorized for use within a particular country. This article examines official first day covers produced by various postal services in the Anglophone Caribbean during the mid-twentieth to twenty-first centuries. The first day covers from places such as Barbados, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago commemorate several key events regionally and internationally. The article examines how the material culture of the post can provide a visual archive and narratives of the past, pertaining to the history, natural and cultural heritage of the British West Indies.
{"title":"First Day Covers: A Visual Archive of Caribbean History and Heritage","authors":"A. Ramsay","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A first day cover refers to a postage stamp on a stamped envelope or postal card franked on the first day the issue is authorized for use within a particular country. This article examines official first day covers produced by various postal services in the Anglophone Caribbean during the mid-twentieth to twenty-first centuries. The first day covers from places such as Barbados, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago commemorate several key events regionally and internationally. The article examines how the material culture of the post can provide a visual archive and narratives of the past, pertaining to the history, natural and cultural heritage of the British West Indies.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"62 1","pages":"143 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87879329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Through the seventeenth century, wealthy Barbadian slaveholders engaged in an ostentatious culture of eating and drinking. Feasts formed the primary setting for social and political interactions. This article utilizes the construct of "patriarchal manhood" to examine the way hospitality supported elite male authority on the island. It seeks to broaden our understanding of how gender buttressed power structures in slave societies, arguing that feasts were performances of manhood that helped impose and legitimize the dominance of early Barbadian planters.
{"title":"\"Being at a Feast and Drinking to Excess\": Hospitality and Patriarchal Manhood in Early Barbados","authors":"Erica J McDonald","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Through the seventeenth century, wealthy Barbadian slaveholders engaged in an ostentatious culture of eating and drinking. Feasts formed the primary setting for social and political interactions. This article utilizes the construct of \"patriarchal manhood\" to examine the way hospitality supported elite male authority on the island. It seeks to broaden our understanding of how gender buttressed power structures in slave societies, arguing that feasts were performances of manhood that helped impose and legitimize the dominance of early Barbadian planters.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"147 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76647383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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