Abstract:Prior to 1830, white males with property monopolized Jamaican politics which excluded free blacks and free coloureds because of their race, and the Jews because of their religion. After 1830, males from these marginalized groups attained civil rights and the freedmen also gained theirs after 1838. Gender and property qualifications barred most from politics, but those who participated were passionate about political inclusion. The paper highlights how free blacks and free coloureds, sometimes in collusion with the Jews, challenged white political monopoly, and demonstrates that small freeholders who did not qualify for the Assembly used their vote to determine who sat there, up to 1842, by which date freedmen influenced the outcome of two by-elections.
{"title":"Free Blacks, Free Coloureds and Freedmen in Jamaican Politics, 1830–1842","authors":"S. Wilmot","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Prior to 1830, white males with property monopolized Jamaican politics which excluded free blacks and free coloureds because of their race, and the Jews because of their religion. After 1830, males from these marginalized groups attained civil rights and the freedmen also gained theirs after 1838. Gender and property qualifications barred most from politics, but those who participated were passionate about political inclusion. The paper highlights how free blacks and free coloureds, sometimes in collusion with the Jews, challenged white political monopoly, and demonstrates that small freeholders who did not qualify for the Assembly used their vote to determine who sat there, up to 1842, by which date freedmen influenced the outcome of two by-elections.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"15 1","pages":"228 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84703258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper examines the formation and impact of the villages which constitute the second phase of village development in Barbados. It is argued that the interaction between available land, the presence of sizeable amounts of remittance money, and the activity of land speculators ensured that descendants of the former enslaved could purchase land, which naturally became the basis for a rapid expansion in village development. It is suggested that the impact of this development was not so much an expansion of small farming as facilitation of the escape of many agricultural labourers from the severe limitations of the Located Labourer System.
{"title":"Remittance Villages in Barbados, c.1905–c.1935","authors":"W. Marshall","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper examines the formation and impact of the villages which constitute the second phase of village development in Barbados. It is argued that the interaction between available land, the presence of sizeable amounts of remittance money, and the activity of land speculators ensured that descendants of the former enslaved could purchase land, which naturally became the basis for a rapid expansion in village development. It is suggested that the impact of this development was not so much an expansion of small farming as facilitation of the escape of many agricultural labourers from the severe limitations of the Located Labourer System.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"16 1","pages":"211 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper argues that the culture of authoritarianism that characterizes Caribbean politics and governance has its roots in European colonization. Founded in violent conquest by adventurous fortune seekers, and isolated from the imperial capitals of Europe by distance, the early colonies were governed by feudal autocrats who ruled as unrestrained tyrants. Even when European governments assumed political responsibility, authoritarianism was further entrenched by imperial centralization of political and commercial institutions. The universal embrace of forced labour for profit encouraged landholders to use naked terror backed by draconian laws, an ideology of racial hierarchy, and the guns of imperial troops to preserve social order. Socialized in this hostile environment, the enslaved learned that violence and terror were the only ways to win freedom; and, as demonstrated in Haiti, they adopted the old imperialist philosophy that authoritarianism was the most effective way to govern.
{"title":"Colonial Autocracy and Authoritarianism in the Caribbean","authors":"B. Moore","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper argues that the culture of authoritarianism that characterizes Caribbean politics and governance has its roots in European colonization. Founded in violent conquest by adventurous fortune seekers, and isolated from the imperial capitals of Europe by distance, the early colonies were governed by feudal autocrats who ruled as unrestrained tyrants. Even when European governments assumed political responsibility, authoritarianism was further entrenched by imperial centralization of political and commercial institutions. The universal embrace of forced labour for profit encouraged landholders to use naked terror backed by draconian laws, an ideology of racial hierarchy, and the guns of imperial troops to preserve social order. Socialized in this hostile environment, the enslaved learned that violence and terror were the only ways to win freedom; and, as demonstrated in Haiti, they adopted the old imperialist philosophy that authoritarianism was the most effective way to govern.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"2 1","pages":"275 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74586775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper is an examination of censorship of the cinema in colonial Trinidad and Tobago. It argues that the success of colonialism depended not only on the use or threat of superior physical force on the colonized but was also dependent on the ability of the colonizer to convince the colonized, or sections thereof, of their cultural superiority. The advent of the cinema at the beginning of the twentieth century presented new challenges to colonial rule. The available cinematic fare undermined the capacity of colonialism to present an unchallenged claim of cultural superiority. The cinema became another source which provided fodder for the continuing contestation for the imagination of the colonized.
{"title":"Cinema and Contestations for the Imagination in Late Colonial Trinbago","authors":"D. Trotman","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper is an examination of censorship of the cinema in colonial Trinidad and Tobago. It argues that the success of colonialism depended not only on the use or threat of superior physical force on the colonized but was also dependent on the ability of the colonizer to convince the colonized, or sections thereof, of their cultural superiority. The advent of the cinema at the beginning of the twentieth century presented new challenges to colonial rule. The available cinematic fare undermined the capacity of colonialism to present an unchallenged claim of cultural superiority. The cinema became another source which provided fodder for the continuing contestation for the imagination of the colonized.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"93 1","pages":"144 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80515065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article is a case study of Frances King, a free woman of mixed African and British ancestry in early nineteenth-century plantation Jamaica. King was connected to the wealthy Swaby family of St Elizabeth/Manchester, as she had children for John Swaby, a substantial white coffee planter and pen-keeper in the parish. Indications are that Frances King operated in her own right a relatively substantial coffee plantation, as well as acted as manager of other properties in the parish in the decades just prior to the abolition of slavery. The objective is to provide a brief profile of a free coloured woman who appeared to have succeeded in participating in an area of the economy dominated by white male planters, and to establish why she was able to do so.
{"title":"Free Mixed Race Women of African and British Ancestry in Early Nineteenth-Century Plantation Jamaica: A Case Study of Frances King (1767–1838)","authors":"Kathleen E. A. Monteith","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article is a case study of Frances King, a free woman of mixed African and British ancestry in early nineteenth-century plantation Jamaica. King was connected to the wealthy Swaby family of St Elizabeth/Manchester, as she had children for John Swaby, a substantial white coffee planter and pen-keeper in the parish. Indications are that Frances King operated in her own right a relatively substantial coffee plantation, as well as acted as manager of other properties in the parish in the decades just prior to the abolition of slavery. The objective is to provide a brief profile of a free coloured woman who appeared to have succeeded in participating in an area of the economy dominated by white male planters, and to establish why she was able to do so.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"96 1","pages":"256 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84322380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper attempts to assess Carl Campbell’s body of research on the history of Trinidad, and of Tobago, since the late 1700s. First, it examines his detailed and deeply researched work on the social history of education in both islands, from the 1830s to the 1980s. Second, it considers Campbell’s pioneering studies of Trinidad’s free coloured and free black community between the 1780s and the 1840s. Lastly, the paper considers his important articles on Trinidad’s political, legal and institutional history in the nineteenth century. It concludes that Campbell’s contributions to these three areas have been pioneering, and that he belongs to the top rank of historians of Trinidad & Tobago.
{"title":"An Assessment of Carl Campbell’s Contribution to the Historiography of Trinidad & Tobago","authors":"B. Brereton","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper attempts to assess Carl Campbell’s body of research on the history of Trinidad, and of Tobago, since the late 1700s. First, it examines his detailed and deeply researched work on the social history of education in both islands, from the 1830s to the 1980s. Second, it considers Campbell’s pioneering studies of Trinidad’s free coloured and free black community between the 1780s and the 1840s. Lastly, the paper considers his important articles on Trinidad’s political, legal and institutional history in the nineteenth century. It concludes that Campbell’s contributions to these three areas have been pioneering, and that he belongs to the top rank of historians of Trinidad & Tobago.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"18 1","pages":"125 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89542728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Long Story Cut Short: Carl Campbell’s Contributions to History Teaching at UWI, Mona","authors":"M. Smith","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"54 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80798215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The need for a precise system of meridians–lines of longitude–became urgent only in the context of the hazards of long-distance navigation. Thus the search for a means of determining the geographical position of a ship at sea was closely associated with the growth of the Atlantic slave trade and with the expansion of plantation slavery in the Caribbean. Although Caribbean locations were never proposed for the Prime Meridian, the region did provide sites for important events in the extended search for ways of establishing longitude. When in the eighteenth century an efficient solution to the problem was finally found, using reliable clocks, it was to Jamaica and Barbados that the instruments were taken for field testing.
{"title":"Locating the Caribbean: The Role of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Search for Longitude","authors":"B. Higman","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2020.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2020.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The need for a precise system of meridians–lines of longitude–became urgent only in the context of the hazards of long-distance navigation. Thus the search for a means of determining the geographical position of a ship at sea was closely associated with the growth of the Atlantic slave trade and with the expansion of plantation slavery in the Caribbean. Although Caribbean locations were never proposed for the Prime Meridian, the region did provide sites for important events in the extended search for ways of establishing longitude. When in the eighteenth century an efficient solution to the problem was finally found, using reliable clocks, it was to Jamaica and Barbados that the instruments were taken for field testing.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"21 1","pages":"296 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91221992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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