Abstract:Sandy Point was one of the early English towns on the Eastern Caribbean island of St Kitts, which was the first island to be settled by both English and French. It became one of the most important sugar colonies in the Eastern Caribbean.In the early period of settlement of the island, Sandy Point rose in prominence as a major port with a strategically vital anchorage. The port became the centre of rivalry between the English and French, leading to the development of the most extensive system of fortifications in the English-speaking Caribbean.The armed conflicts between these rival European powers over St Kitts have left a rich and unique legacy in the built and underwater cultural heritage of the port of Sandy Point and its anchorage. This archaeological legacy provides the opportunity to examine how a Leeward Island port influenced developments in fortification design and construction from the sixteenth to seventeenth century, the most turbulent period of geo-political conflict in the Caribbean.
{"title":"Brimstone, Sea and Sand: The Historical Archaeology of the Port of Sandy Point and Its Anchorage","authors":"Cameron St Pierre Gill","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Sandy Point was one of the early English towns on the Eastern Caribbean island of St Kitts, which was the first island to be settled by both English and French. It became one of the most important sugar colonies in the Eastern Caribbean.In the early period of settlement of the island, Sandy Point rose in prominence as a major port with a strategically vital anchorage. The port became the centre of rivalry between the English and French, leading to the development of the most extensive system of fortifications in the English-speaking Caribbean.The armed conflicts between these rival European powers over St Kitts have left a rich and unique legacy in the built and underwater cultural heritage of the port of Sandy Point and its anchorage. This archaeological legacy provides the opportunity to examine how a Leeward Island port influenced developments in fortification design and construction from the sixteenth to seventeenth century, the most turbulent period of geo-political conflict in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"53 1","pages":"163 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jch.2019.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Randy Browne states, “The basic premise of this book is that the struggle to survive was at the center of enslaved people’s experience.” Enslaved people lived in a milieu between the violence of white masters, harsh labour conditions, and the dictates of colonial administrators, all of which held considerable control over them. Taking the reader to the oft-ignored Berbice on the South American coast, Randy Browne uses an amazing treasure trove of documents to illuminate many of the actions and motivations of enslaved black people as they struggled to survive their bondage. Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean is a welcome instalment in the historiography of slavery, British Empire, and Caribbean history. Although he does not challenge the historiography of resistance and rebellion by enslaved people, Browne does indicate that his work is meant to add more nuance to the lived experiences of enslaved people living in the British Caribbean. Abstract ideas of “freedom” were not the primary thoughts held by enslaved people; day-to-day struggle often involved coping with their current situation as chattel. The institution of slavery shaped actions and relationships. As enslaved people made decisions and connections, survival was often the foremost thought. Because of this, Browne’s research examines actions and relationships in a new and intriguing way. Particularly, Surviving Slavery examines the lives of enslaved people during a period of amelioration in the British Empire. This was a time marked by greater metropolitan debate and intervention regarding the treatment of enslaved people living and working in the British Caribbean. In six chapters, Browne shows the ways and the multiple arenas in which enslaved people attempted to survive their enslavement in Berbice during amelioration in the 1820s. In chapter one, Browne provides background information about Berbice. A large number of books written about the British Caribbean have Book Reviews
{"title":"Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean by Randy M. Browne (review)","authors":"M. Strickland","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Randy Browne states, “The basic premise of this book is that the struggle to survive was at the center of enslaved people’s experience.” Enslaved people lived in a milieu between the violence of white masters, harsh labour conditions, and the dictates of colonial administrators, all of which held considerable control over them. Taking the reader to the oft-ignored Berbice on the South American coast, Randy Browne uses an amazing treasure trove of documents to illuminate many of the actions and motivations of enslaved black people as they struggled to survive their bondage. Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean is a welcome instalment in the historiography of slavery, British Empire, and Caribbean history. Although he does not challenge the historiography of resistance and rebellion by enslaved people, Browne does indicate that his work is meant to add more nuance to the lived experiences of enslaved people living in the British Caribbean. Abstract ideas of “freedom” were not the primary thoughts held by enslaved people; day-to-day struggle often involved coping with their current situation as chattel. The institution of slavery shaped actions and relationships. As enslaved people made decisions and connections, survival was often the foremost thought. Because of this, Browne’s research examines actions and relationships in a new and intriguing way. Particularly, Surviving Slavery examines the lives of enslaved people during a period of amelioration in the British Empire. This was a time marked by greater metropolitan debate and intervention regarding the treatment of enslaved people living and working in the British Caribbean. In six chapters, Browne shows the ways and the multiple arenas in which enslaved people attempted to survive their enslavement in Berbice during amelioration in the 1820s. In chapter one, Browne provides background information about Berbice. A large number of books written about the British Caribbean have Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"20 1","pages":"177 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74109121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Drawing on the records of Bermuda's House of Assembly, this article begins to untangle the historical roots of the colony's long-standing narrative of benign slavery. As colonial elites reassured themselves of the benignity of Bermudian slavery, and predicted a harmonious transition, they passed laws that contradicted their self-assurances and revealed their deep anxieties about the epochal change. Examining the rhetorical strategies employed by the Assembly leading up to and immediately following Emancipation, it suggests approaches for re-opening Bermuda's colonial archive and positioning it in the Caribbean context, challenging the notion that Bermuda's slavery was fundamentally unique.
{"title":"\"Slavery wears the mildest Aspect\": Imagining Mastery and Emancipation in Bermuda's House of Assembly","authors":"Sarah Neil Hannon, N. Kennedy","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Drawing on the records of Bermuda's House of Assembly, this article begins to untangle the historical roots of the colony's long-standing narrative of benign slavery. As colonial elites reassured themselves of the benignity of Bermudian slavery, and predicted a harmonious transition, they passed laws that contradicted their self-assurances and revealed their deep anxieties about the epochal change. Examining the rhetorical strategies employed by the Assembly leading up to and immediately following Emancipation, it suggests approaches for re-opening Bermuda's colonial archive and positioning it in the Caribbean context, challenging the notion that Bermuda's slavery was fundamentally unique.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"366 1","pages":"60 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82577927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management by Caitlin Rosenthal by Caitlin Rosenthal (review)","authors":"Kathleen E. A. Monteith","doi":"10.1353/jch.2019.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2019.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"SE-6 1","pages":"266 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84634606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
cultural history in the classical and purist sense of a “continuous systematic narrative”. Although its architecture is defined by only a rough chronology, the author uses a historicist approach in treating cultural products as a lens through which past events have been viewed. Written in the tradition of Edward Said’s seminal work Orientalism, the book uncovers the ideological roots, assumptions and implications of the notion of underdevelopment (implied or explicit) as expressed in a variety of cultural discourses originating in the United States of America and dating back to the mid-nineteenth century. Drawing illustrations and evidence from a wide array of primary sources and representational media (newspaper reports, painting, photography, film, travel narratives, poetry, novels), Leary studiously examines the diverse, complementary and often competing ways in which cultural practitioners have portrayed Latin America as an object /subject of comparison with the USA. Cuba and Mexico are the main reference points for this analysis, with examples from other Latin American territories (Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Brazil) invoked at appropriate points where they serve to further strengthen or expand the book’s thesis. The areas of Latin American life and experience viewed as being characterized in terms of underdevelopment range from personality to politics, from geography to cultural habits. The analysis is driven primarily by the author’s search for what he refers to as the “moral” content of aesthetic framing, as he shows time and again that far from being transparent, cultural expressions are ideologically charged prisms whose mediating function is often to distort rather than clarify reality. Hence the reader is induced to become aware of the contradictions, ambiguities, false notions of history, and meanings that lie beneath the surface of apparently neutral or transparent renderJohn Patrick Leary, A Cultural History of Underdevelopment: Latin America in the U.S. Imagination. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2016, 283 pp.
{"title":"A Cultural History of Underdevelopment: Latin America in the U.S. Imagination by John Patrick Leary (review)","authors":"Claudette Williams","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"cultural history in the classical and purist sense of a “continuous systematic narrative”. Although its architecture is defined by only a rough chronology, the author uses a historicist approach in treating cultural products as a lens through which past events have been viewed. Written in the tradition of Edward Said’s seminal work Orientalism, the book uncovers the ideological roots, assumptions and implications of the notion of underdevelopment (implied or explicit) as expressed in a variety of cultural discourses originating in the United States of America and dating back to the mid-nineteenth century. Drawing illustrations and evidence from a wide array of primary sources and representational media (newspaper reports, painting, photography, film, travel narratives, poetry, novels), Leary studiously examines the diverse, complementary and often competing ways in which cultural practitioners have portrayed Latin America as an object /subject of comparison with the USA. Cuba and Mexico are the main reference points for this analysis, with examples from other Latin American territories (Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Brazil) invoked at appropriate points where they serve to further strengthen or expand the book’s thesis. The areas of Latin American life and experience viewed as being characterized in terms of underdevelopment range from personality to politics, from geography to cultural habits. The analysis is driven primarily by the author’s search for what he refers to as the “moral” content of aesthetic framing, as he shows time and again that far from being transparent, cultural expressions are ideologically charged prisms whose mediating function is often to distort rather than clarify reality. Hence the reader is induced to become aware of the contradictions, ambiguities, false notions of history, and meanings that lie beneath the surface of apparently neutral or transparent renderJohn Patrick Leary, A Cultural History of Underdevelopment: Latin America in the U.S. Imagination. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2016, 283 pp.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"10 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80400362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the prosperous Cayman Islands” (xiii), a “truly cosmopolitan, international destination caught irreversibly and irresistibly in the grip of globalization” (xiii), Christopher A. William sets out to show how “globalization’s multicultural and multi-ethnic auras have permeated a distinctly indigenous Caymanian cultural awareness to ensure its dilution, subsequent fracturing and diversification” (xiii). This opening salvo is captured well in the introduction, “Globalisation Rising” (xiii–xxxiii). For readers who did not know and those already aware, the data presented to highlight the Cayman Islands’ economic reality is impressive. Cayman – a British dependency constituted in three low-lying limestone islands with a landmass of merely 100.4 square miles – is globally ranked sixteenth in terms of GDP per capita, with its average workers earning incomes thousands of dollars higher than those of the United States of America, Germany and Japan; its citizens enjoying the highest quality of life in the Caribbean (xiii–xxxiii). For Williams, given all of this, Cayman has become “open to the countervailing negative effects of globalization, including xenophobic, exclusionary and ethnocentric postures” (vi). He therefore sets out to provide a chronological account of the “development, indigenization and multicultural proliferation” (vi) out of and, of necessity, inevitably away from “original Caymanian identity” (3–30). The result is an historical account of modern Cayman (the three islands), albeit, one centred on its social relations. The book contains eight chapters spread over three major subsections, the first two traces the ethno-genesis of Caymanian people from a time when globalization was way off, and when life was financially and materially difficult. The period discussed here dates backs to the uninhabited and inconsequential days before and after the islands were first sighted Christopher A. Williams. Defining Caymanian Identity: The Effects of Globalization, Economics and Xenophobia on Caymanian Culture. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Press, 2015. vii + 351 pp
“繁荣的开曼群岛”(xiii)，一个“真正国际化的国际目的地，不可逆转地、不可抗拒地被全球化所控制”(xiii)，克里斯托弗·a·威廉(Christopher a . William)开始展示“全球化的多元文化和多民族光环如何渗透到独特的开曼土著文化意识中，以确保其稀释、随后的分裂和多样化”(xiii)。这一开场白在引言“全球化崛起”(xiii - xxxiii)中得到了很好的捕捉。对于那些不知道或已经知道的读者来说，为突出开曼群岛的经济现实而提供的数据令人印象深刻。开曼群岛是英国的属地，由三个低洼的石灰岩岛屿组成，陆地面积仅为100.4平方英里。按人均国内生产总值计算，开曼群岛在全球排名第16位，其平均工人的收入比美利坚合众国、德国和日本高出数千美元;其公民享有加勒比地区最高的生活质量(十三至三十三)。对于威廉姆斯来说，考虑到这一切，开曼群岛已经“对全球化的负面影响敞开了大门，包括仇外、排外和种族中心主义的姿态”(vi)。因此，他开始按时间顺序描述“发展、本土化和多元文化扩散”(vi)，这是出于“开曼群岛的原始身份”(3-30)，而且是必要的、不可避免的。其结果是一部关于现代开曼群岛(三个岛屿)的历史叙述，尽管是以其社会关系为中心的。这本书包含八个章节，分为三个主要部分，前两个部分追溯了开曼人的种族起源，当时全球化还很遥远，生活在经济和物质上都很困难。这里讨论的时期可以追溯到岛屿首次被发现前后无人居住和无关紧要的日子。定义开曼身份:全球化、经济和仇外心理对开曼文化的影响。兰哈姆，博尔德，纽约，伦敦:列克星敦出版社，2015。Vii + 351页
{"title":"Defining Caymanian Identity: The Effects of Globalization, Economics and Xenophobia on Caymanian Culture by Christopher A. Williams (review)","authors":"M. Toussaint","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0012","url":null,"abstract":"the prosperous Cayman Islands” (xiii), a “truly cosmopolitan, international destination caught irreversibly and irresistibly in the grip of globalization” (xiii), Christopher A. William sets out to show how “globalization’s multicultural and multi-ethnic auras have permeated a distinctly indigenous Caymanian cultural awareness to ensure its dilution, subsequent fracturing and diversification” (xiii). This opening salvo is captured well in the introduction, “Globalisation Rising” (xiii–xxxiii). For readers who did not know and those already aware, the data presented to highlight the Cayman Islands’ economic reality is impressive. Cayman – a British dependency constituted in three low-lying limestone islands with a landmass of merely 100.4 square miles – is globally ranked sixteenth in terms of GDP per capita, with its average workers earning incomes thousands of dollars higher than those of the United States of America, Germany and Japan; its citizens enjoying the highest quality of life in the Caribbean (xiii–xxxiii). For Williams, given all of this, Cayman has become “open to the countervailing negative effects of globalization, including xenophobic, exclusionary and ethnocentric postures” (vi). He therefore sets out to provide a chronological account of the “development, indigenization and multicultural proliferation” (vi) out of and, of necessity, inevitably away from “original Caymanian identity” (3–30). The result is an historical account of modern Cayman (the three islands), albeit, one centred on its social relations. The book contains eight chapters spread over three major subsections, the first two traces the ethno-genesis of Caymanian people from a time when globalization was way off, and when life was financially and materially difficult. The period discussed here dates backs to the uninhabited and inconsequential days before and after the islands were first sighted Christopher A. Williams. Defining Caymanian Identity: The Effects of Globalization, Economics and Xenophobia on Caymanian Culture. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Press, 2015. vii + 351 pp","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"8 1","pages":"207 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in New York City in 1909 in order to advocate for African American equality and opportunity. Founding member W.E.B. Du Bois urged the NAACP to also explore the possibility of becoming an international organization that would seek the “advancement of colored people” around the globe. During the 1910s and 1920s, the NAACP initiated several efforts to extend its work, and the Pan-African vision of Du Bois, into the Caribbean. Its most extensive effort in the 1910s focused on NAACP leader James Weldon Johnson’s investigation into the US Marine occupation of Haiti, but NAACP leaders also explored the possibility of chartering NAACP branches in several Caribbean cities. During the 1910s and 1920s, the NAACP leadership included a number of leaders who were either natives of or first generation removed from the Caribbean. Their influence had a major role on the development of the Association, its goals, and the ongoing debate over how (or whether) to implement Du Bois’ Pan-Africanism. The Association also had a long-running rivalry with Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negron Improvement Association (UNIA) during this period. During the early years of NAACP organizing, African American and Afro-Caribbean interests intersected in a variety of ways, which did not necessarily achieve Du Bois’ Pan-African vision but demonstrated its potential impact. This paper will examine the early engagement of the NAACP in the Caribbean as well as the influence of West Indians on the NAACP from approximately 1910 to 1930, as the Association tested the boundaries of its early organizational philosophies.
摘要:美国全国有色人种协进会(NAACP)于1909年在纽约市成立，旨在倡导非裔美国人的平等和机会。NAACP的创始成员W.E.B.杜波依斯(W.E.B. Du Bois)敦促NAACP也探索成为一个寻求全球“有色人种进步”的国际组织的可能性。在20世纪10年代和20年代，全国有色人种协进会发起了几次努力，将其工作和杜波依斯的泛非愿景扩展到加勒比地区。它在20世纪10年代最广泛的努力集中在全国有色人种协进会领导人詹姆斯·韦尔登·约翰逊对美国海军占领海地的调查上，但全国有色人种协进会领导人也探索了在几个加勒比城市租用全国有色人种协进会分支机构的可能性。在20世纪10年代和20年代，全国有色人种协进会的领导层中有许多领导人要么是加勒比海地区的土著人，要么是第一代从加勒比海地区迁出的人。他们的影响对协会的发展、其目标，以及如何(或是否)实施杜波依斯的泛非主义的持续辩论都发挥了重要作用。在此期间，该协会还与马库斯·加维(Marcus Garvey)和全球黑人改良协会(UNIA)长期竞争。在NAACP组织的早期，非裔美国人和非裔加勒比人的利益以各种方式相交，这并不一定能实现杜波依斯的泛非愿景，但显示了其潜在的影响。本文将考察全国有色人种协进会在加勒比地区的早期活动，以及大约从1910年到1930年西印度群岛对全国有色人种协进会的影响，因为该协会测试了其早期组织哲学的边界。
{"title":"Testing Boundaries: The NAACP and the Caribbean, 1910–1930","authors":"Caroline S. Emmons","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in New York City in 1909 in order to advocate for African American equality and opportunity. Founding member W.E.B. Du Bois urged the NAACP to also explore the possibility of becoming an international organization that would seek the “advancement of colored people” around the globe. During the 1910s and 1920s, the NAACP initiated several efforts to extend its work, and the Pan-African vision of Du Bois, into the Caribbean. Its most extensive effort in the 1910s focused on NAACP leader James Weldon Johnson’s investigation into the US Marine occupation of Haiti, but NAACP leaders also explored the possibility of chartering NAACP branches in several Caribbean cities. During the 1910s and 1920s, the NAACP leadership included a number of leaders who were either natives of or first generation removed from the Caribbean. Their influence had a major role on the development of the Association, its goals, and the ongoing debate over how (or whether) to implement Du Bois’ Pan-Africanism. The Association also had a long-running rivalry with Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negron Improvement Association (UNIA) during this period. During the early years of NAACP organizing, African American and Afro-Caribbean interests intersected in a variety of ways, which did not necessarily achieve Du Bois’ Pan-African vision but demonstrated its potential impact. This paper will examine the early engagement of the NAACP in the Caribbean as well as the influence of West Indians on the NAACP from approximately 1910 to 1930, as the Association tested the boundaries of its early organizational philosophies.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"22 1","pages":"198 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77014375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The majority of sailors of African ancestry in the Union Civil War Navy were native born, but others originated globally. Americans, Canadians, and Europeans are identified, glorified, and memorialized for their roles in the Union forces victory over the breakaway Confederate States of America. Although Latin American and Caribbean sailors were among the African Diaspora contingent in the Union Navy, they have been largely overlooked. By tracing the trajectory of these voluntary enlistees' migratory movements in the transnational context of the United States Civil War, this study adds another dimension to motivations for migration in the Americas.
{"title":"African Diaspora Sailors from Latin America and the Caribbean in the Union Civil War Navy: Another Migration","authors":"Barbara P. Josiah","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The majority of sailors of African ancestry in the Union Civil War Navy were native born, but others originated globally. Americans, Canadians, and Europeans are identified, glorified, and memorialized for their roles in the Union forces victory over the breakaway Confederate States of America. Although Latin American and Caribbean sailors were among the African Diaspora contingent in the Union Navy, they have been largely overlooked. By tracing the trajectory of these voluntary enlistees' migratory movements in the transnational context of the United States Civil War, this study adds another dimension to motivations for migration in the Americas.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"4 1","pages":"28 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83611965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:The post-emancipation period found the Caribbean island of Trinidad embroiled in the issue of how sugar planters would try to maintain strong sugar production in the absence of their former slave work force. Planters hoped to keep constraints on the freedom of workers, specifically by keeping labour located near the estates. Indentured labour from India filled some of the void, but those workers completed contracts, became small tenant farmers, or moved to more urban areas. Agricultural workers demanded improved access to markets, schools, and religious institutions in the form of better roads, contrary to the planters. Crown government also viewed transportation infrastructure positively, but for the purpose of disciplinary surveillance of its subjects. The debates between these various constituencies come to light in the Trinidad Franchise Commission of 1888, when a wide range of Trinidadians gave testimony. Rather than agitate for the franchise, the interviewees provide evidence that infrastructure itself was at the heart of political, economic, and social struggle.
{"title":"Roads, Railways and the Language of Politics","authors":"Anne Hardgrove","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The post-emancipation period found the Caribbean island of Trinidad embroiled in the issue of how sugar planters would try to maintain strong sugar production in the absence of their former slave work force. Planters hoped to keep constraints on the freedom of workers, specifically by keeping labour located near the estates. Indentured labour from India filled some of the void, but those workers completed contracts, became small tenant farmers, or moved to more urban areas. Agricultural workers demanded improved access to markets, schools, and religious institutions in the form of better roads, contrary to the planters. Crown government also viewed transportation infrastructure positively, but for the purpose of disciplinary surveillance of its subjects. The debates between these various constituencies come to light in the Trinidad Franchise Commission of 1888, when a wide range of Trinidadians gave testimony. Rather than agitate for the franchise, the interviewees provide evidence that infrastructure itself was at the heart of political, economic, and social struggle.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"43 1","pages":"30 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84211287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pirates’ Nest: the Impact of Piracy on Newport, Rhode Island and Charles Town, South Carolina, 1670–1740” (Harvard 2006), into a broader context with a long view of the role of plunder in building a “coherent, functioning and integrated [British] empire” (p. 420) between the age of Elizabeth and the outbreak of the War of Jenkins’ Ear. The “pirates” themselves are shadowy figures in the background, as Hanna focuses on their reception and treatment within Anglophone maritime communities on land. His core concern is with how attitudes to sea marauders changed as colonial and metropolitan interests supposedly became increasingly aligned. The first three chapters draw on an extensive secondary literature to tell a familiar story of how plunder was used to launch, defend, and supply the initial settlements on a frontier where state authority and piracy were vaguely defined. They end with the bold assertion that in the 1680s, Jamaica, which had been the preeminent pirate nest, was converted into “one of the most brutal and exploitative slave societies in the world” (p. 143) and, in the process, turned firmly against sea predators: a process which was later replicated elsewhere in other parts of the empire. The next two chapters describe how the shift in Jamaica was accompanied by the rise of piracy in Britain’s mainland colonies until another turning point, or imperial transformation, took place after 1696 which further changed perceptions of “pirates”. The last five chapters consider how “pirates” became increasingly marginalized and unwelcome characters in a more centralized and better regulated empire. Others have pointed to a rapid demise of piracy in the early eighteenth century, and accorded the Royal Navy a key role, but Hanna’s explanation focuses on softer power. He claims that pirate nests were transformed into proMark G. Hanna, Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570–1740, Chapel Hill, NC: North Carolina Press, 2015, Maps, 464 pp.
{"title":"Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570–1740 by Mark G. Hanna (review)","authors":"Nuala Zahedieh","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Pirates’ Nest: the Impact of Piracy on Newport, Rhode Island and Charles Town, South Carolina, 1670–1740” (Harvard 2006), into a broader context with a long view of the role of plunder in building a “coherent, functioning and integrated [British] empire” (p. 420) between the age of Elizabeth and the outbreak of the War of Jenkins’ Ear. The “pirates” themselves are shadowy figures in the background, as Hanna focuses on their reception and treatment within Anglophone maritime communities on land. His core concern is with how attitudes to sea marauders changed as colonial and metropolitan interests supposedly became increasingly aligned. The first three chapters draw on an extensive secondary literature to tell a familiar story of how plunder was used to launch, defend, and supply the initial settlements on a frontier where state authority and piracy were vaguely defined. They end with the bold assertion that in the 1680s, Jamaica, which had been the preeminent pirate nest, was converted into “one of the most brutal and exploitative slave societies in the world” (p. 143) and, in the process, turned firmly against sea predators: a process which was later replicated elsewhere in other parts of the empire. The next two chapters describe how the shift in Jamaica was accompanied by the rise of piracy in Britain’s mainland colonies until another turning point, or imperial transformation, took place after 1696 which further changed perceptions of “pirates”. The last five chapters consider how “pirates” became increasingly marginalized and unwelcome characters in a more centralized and better regulated empire. Others have pointed to a rapid demise of piracy in the early eighteenth century, and accorded the Royal Navy a key role, but Hanna’s explanation focuses on softer power. He claims that pirate nests were transformed into proMark G. Hanna, Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570–1740, Chapel Hill, NC: North Carolina Press, 2015, Maps, 464 pp.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"68 1","pages":"108 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77614931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：