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Effects of silver nanoparticle based on ginger extract on Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica parasites : in vitro 基于生姜提取物的银纳米粒子对婴儿利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫寄生虫的影响:体外实验
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2024.79.2.335
Leishmania is the main cause of a serious public health problem called leishmaniasis in Iran. Pentavalent antimonial chemicals are usually used for leishmaniasis treatment. But this drugs have a number of negative side effects, including drug resistance, non-specificity, poor responsiveness, toxic effects, inconvenient injections, tissue damage and high cost. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in vitro. The MTT assay was used to assess the toxicity of Ag-NPs derived from ginger extract on macrophage cells. The apoptotic potential of promastigotes caused by Ag-NPs was evaluated using the flow cytometry method. According to our findings, proliferation of L. infantum and L. tropica, promastigotes are dramatically decreased by increasing doses of nanoparticles. The most effective doses of nanoparticle were 80 and 40 ppm after 48, and 72 hours of incubation respectively , while doses of 0.312 and 0.156 ppm after 24 and 48 hours of incubation had the least effect on the growth and activity of L. infantum and L. tropica promastigotes. For the promastigotes of L. infantum and L. tropica, the flow cytometry test revealed that Ag-NPs induced Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in promastigotes of L. infantum and L. tropica demonstrated 67.1% and 41.9% of apoptosis, respectively. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for NPs against L. infantum and L. tropica were 4.54 and 4.22 ppm, respectively based on MTT assay. The higher concentrations of NPs such as concentration 80 ppm, led to more lethality of promastigote. In conclusion, overall, Ag-NPs exhibited good in-vitro anti-leishmanial activity against L. infantum and L. tropica promastigotes.
利什曼病是伊朗严重公共卫生问题--利什曼病的主要病因。五价抗锑化学品通常用于利什曼病的治疗。但这种药物有许多负面影响,包括耐药性、非特异性、反应性差、毒性作用、注射不便、组织损伤和成本高昂。本研究的目的是制备绿色合成银纳米粒子(Ag-NPs)并评估其对婴儿利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫的体外药效。MTT 试验用于评估从生姜提取物中提取的 Ag-NPs 对巨噬细胞的毒性。使用流式细胞术方法评估了 Ag-NPs 对原生体的凋亡潜力。根据我们的研究结果,随着纳米粒子剂量的增加,L. infantum 和 L. tropica 原虫的增殖显著减少。孵育 48 和 72 小时后,最有效的纳米粒子剂量分别为 80 和 40 ppm,而孵育 24 和 48 小时后,0.312 和 0.156 ppm 的剂量对婴儿疟原虫和热带疟原虫的生长和活性影响最小。流式细胞仪测试显示,Ag-NPs 能诱导婴儿疟原虫和热带疟原虫原生体细胞的程序性细胞死亡(PCD),凋亡率分别为 67.1%和 41.9%。根据 MTT 法,NPs 对婴儿疟原虫和热带疟原虫的 IC50(抑制浓度)分别为 4.54 和 4.22 ppm。NPs 的浓度越高,如浓度为 80 ppm,对原生动物的致死率就越高。总之,Ag-NPs 对婴儿疟原虫和热带疟原虫具有良好的体外抗利什曼病活性。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-proliferative Activity of Vitex negundo Leaf Extracts on PA1 Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. 蔓荆子叶提取物对 PA1 人类卵巢癌细胞株的抗增殖活性
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.426
P S Shettar, M B Hiremath, V M Kumbar

In Ayurveda, Vitex negundo (VN) is used as a drug to manage pain, inflammation, and problems related to polycystic ovary disease and the menstrual cycle. The bioactive compounds isolated from this plant exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and microbicidal properties. The shrub VN is known for its role in the modulation of cellular events like apoptosis and cell cycle. There is still a scarcity of data in the literature on the cytotoxic activity of VN extracts on ovarian cancer. Therefore, in the present study, the phytochemical composition, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities of leaf extracts were evaluated. The chloroform and methanol fractions exhibited higher phenolic content (161.04 ± 0.02 mg/g GAE and 152.56 ± 0.05 mg/g GAE, respectively) than those of other fractions. The aqueous and petroleum ether fractions exhibited higher flavonoid content (215.27 ± 0.28 mg/g QE and 111.82 ± 0.05 mg/g QE, respectively). The acetone and methanol extracts showed significant anti-oxidant capacities. Both leaf extracts of VN inhibited PA1 cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 88.01 ± 3.14 and 112.30 ± 1.93 μg/ml, respectively, as compared to the standard drug Doxorubicin with IC50 value 2.91 μg/ml (P<0.05, One-way ANOVA). The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis allowed us to identify twenty-five bioactive compounds in acetone extract and twenty-two in methanol extract. Therefore, further studies should focus on the isolation of novel compounds that are more effective and less toxic, and that constitute interesting substitutes for the development of anti-cancer drugs.

在阿育吠陀中,蔓荆子(VN)被用作治疗疼痛、炎症以及多囊卵巢疾病和月经周期相关问题的药物。从这种植物中分离出来的生物活性化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和杀微生物的特性。灌木 VN 因其对细胞凋亡和细胞周期等细胞事件的调节作用而闻名。有关 VN 提取物对卵巢癌细胞毒性活性的文献资料仍然很少。因此,本研究评估了叶提取物的植物化学成分、抗氧化和抗癌活性。氯仿和甲醇馏分的酚含量(分别为 161.04 ± 0.02 mg/g GAE 和 152.56 ± 0.05 mg/g GAE)高于其他馏分。水提取物和石油醚提取物的黄酮类化合物含量较高(分别为 215.27 ± 0.28 mg/g QE 和 111.82 ± 0.05 mg/g QE)。丙酮和甲醇提取物显示出显著的抗氧化能力。VN 的两种叶提取物都能以剂量依赖的方式抑制 PA1 癌细胞的生长,其 IC50 值分别为 88.01 ± 3.14 和 112.30 ± 1.93 μg/ml,而标准药物多柔比星的 IC50 值为 2.91 μg/ml(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Enteric Parasites with a Focus on Zoonotic Parasites in the Feces of Galliformes. 调查肠道寄生虫,重点是瘿蚊粪便中的人畜共患寄生虫。
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.379
F Talazadeh, M H Razijalali, M Masaee Manesh, F Khajeh

Galliformes have a global distribution and are bred by humans as domestic animals or game birds. The world's poultry population is increasing due to high consumer demand for poultry products. Due to the increasing growth of Galliformes breeding, this study aimed to investigate gastrointestinal parasites in the feces of some species of Galliformes. In the present study, 100 distinct fecal samples were collected from seven different Galliformes species, including rural chickens, peacocks, partridges, pheasants, turkeys, quails, and guinea fowls. Sampling of each bird was performed separately, and these birds were kept in cages. In order to identify gastrointestinal parasites, the samples were evaluated using the Clayton-Lane method, the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen, and the Trichrome staining methods. Among 100 birds sampled, 53% were positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Moreover, 30%, 18%, and 5% of birds were infected with Eimeria spp., nematodes, and Giardia spp., respectively. The highest rate of parasitic infestation in Galliformes was related to protozoan infections, and the highest rate of protozoan infection was related to Eimeria (30%). In addition, complex infestation was not detected. Considering that most parasitic infections have been detected in apparently healthy birds, it is recommended to observe hygiene to regularly disinfect cages and reduce the density of birds in the nests. Due to the zoonotic potential of Giardia and the contamination of some birds with this parasite, this issue should be considered by public health officials, bird sellers' markets, owners, and breeders of these birds.

胆形目家禽分布于全球各地,是人类饲养的家畜或野禽。由于消费者对家禽产品的高需求,全球家禽数量不断增加。由于胆形目家禽饲养量的不断增长,本研究旨在调查一些胆形目家禽粪便中的胃肠道寄生虫。本研究从 7 种不同的胆形目动物(包括农村鸡、孔雀、鹧鸪、雉鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑和珍珠鸡)中收集了 100 份不同的粪便样本。每种禽类的样本都是单独采集的,而且这些禽类都被关在笼子里。为了确定胃肠道寄生虫,采用克莱顿-莱恩法、改良齐氏-奈尔森法和三色染色法对样本进行了评估。在取样的 100 只禽鸟中,53% 的禽鸟对胃肠道寄生虫呈阳性反应。此外,分别有 30%、18% 和 5%的禽类感染了艾美耳属、线虫和贾第鞭毛虫。胆形目鸟类中寄生虫感染率最高的是原生动物,而原生动物感染率最高的是艾美拉虫(30%)。此外,未发现复合寄生虫。考虑到大多数寄生虫感染都是在表面健康的鸟类身上发现的,因此建议注意卫生,定期对鸟笼进行消毒,并降低鸟巢中鸟类的密度。由于贾第虫有可能成为人畜共患病,而且一些鸟类受到这种寄生虫的污染,因此公共卫生官员、鸟类销售市场、鸟类所有者和饲养者都应考虑这一问题。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Preventive Effects of Oral Consumption of Dactylorhiza Maculate (Salep) Hydro-alcoholic Extract on Appetite and Body Weight in Male Rats. 研究口服Dactylorhiza Maculate(Salep)水醇提取物对雄性大鼠食欲和体重的预防作用
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.418
H Haghshenas, M Molayem, N Shafiei Jahromi, H Kargar Jahromi, M Dehghani, B Ebrahimi, R Moazeni, S Rezaeian, N Shaterian, S Daniali

Obesity is the result of positive energy balance in which various hormones and neurotransmitters are involved. Using Dietary supplements is a common and popular method to lose weight. Medicinal plants with specific effects on metabolizing enzymes, blocking adipogenesis, and improving energy metabolism can be a suitable alternative to these supplements. In this study, the role of hydro-alcoholic extract of Dactylorhiza maculate (Salep) plant on obesity and its related hormones and antioxidants was investigated. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Sham, and Salep extract (three doses): 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg. The extract was fed by gavage for 29 days. After the 29th day, blood and tissue samples were taken. Rats' ELISA kits were used to measure adiponectin, obestatin, resistin, orexin-A, insulin, epinephrine, Agouti Related Neuropeptide (AgRP), omentin, chemerin, amylin, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and ghrelin. In addition, we measured leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK), antioxidants, and lipid profile factors. Evaluation of weight changes showed that Salep extract helped the animals to lose weight significantly in the 160 and 320 mg/kg Salep groups. Leptin, adiponectin, AgRP, obestatin, CCK, chemerin, adiponectin, and total antioxidants displayed a significant increase compared to the control group. In contrast, ghrelin, omentin, resistin, NPY, amylin, orexin-A, epinephrine, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in the Salep groups. The lipid profile was also affected by the extract. These findings suggest that the Salep extract prevents appetite, reduces ghrelin, and affects digestive factors; the Salep extract can change the secretory factors of adipose tissue and lipid profile and ultimately help to lose weight.

肥胖是能量正平衡的结果,其中涉及各种激素和神经递质。使用膳食补充剂是一种常见且流行的减肥方法。对代谢酶、阻断脂肪生成和改善能量代谢有特殊作用的药用植物可作为这些补充剂的合适替代品。本研究调查了Dactylorhiza maculate(Salep)植物的水醇提取物对肥胖及其相关激素和抗氧化剂的作用。40 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠被分为 5 组:对照组、Sham 组和 Salep 提取物组(三种剂量):80、160 和 320 毫克/千克。连续 29 天灌胃喂食提取物。第 29 天后,采集血液和组织样本。用酶联免疫吸附试剂盒检测大鼠的脂肪连素、肥胖素、抵抗素、奥曲肽-A、胰岛素、肾上腺素、Agouti 相关神经肽(AgRP)、网织蛋白、螯合素、淀粉样蛋白、神经肽-Y(NPY)和胃泌素。此外,我们还测量了瘦素、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、抗氧化剂和脂质概况因子。对体重变化的评估表明,沙利普提取物有助于160毫克/千克和320毫克/千克沙利普组的动物显著减轻体重。与对照组相比,瘦素、脂肪连素、AgRP、肥胖素、CCK、螯合素、脂肪连素和总抗氧化剂均有显著增加。相比之下,胃泌素、网织蛋白、抵抗素、NPY、淀粉样蛋白、奥曲肽-A、肾上腺素和丙二醛(MDA)则在萨利普组中有所下降。血脂状况也受到了提取物的影响。这些研究结果表明,沙利普提取物可以防止食欲,减少胃泌素,影响消化因素;沙利普提取物可以改变脂肪组织的分泌因素和血脂状况,最终有助于减肥。
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引用次数: 0
Genome Sequences of Canine Parvovirus Type 2c Prevalent in Western Mexico. 墨西哥西部流行的犬细小病毒 2c 型的基因组序列。
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.387
D Elizondo Quiroga, M A De Los Santos Acuña, A Gutierrez Ortega, C Galán Martinez, C Pedroza Roldán

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the main etiologies of viral gastroenteritis in dogs across the globe. This disease is mainly characterized by the presence of diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and dehydration. This virus is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates in unvaccinated dogs and those younger than three months. The monitoring of viral variants in our region has demonstrated that in the last seven years, variant CPV-2c has been circulating exclusively, which is unusual if we consider that in the rest of the world, at least two variants co-circulate among dog populations. To the best of our knowledge, no studies in Mexico have reported genomic sequences of CPV-2, which are relevant for population comparisons at the genetic level. Therefore, the present study aimed to sequence genomes associated with CPV-2c. To meet this objective, rectal swab samples were collected from dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection. Five positive cases diagnosed by lateral flow testing and polymerase chain reaction were selected for viral genome sequencing. Comparative analyses illustrated that the obtained genome sequences were > 99% homologous to those reported for CPV-2 in the GenBank. On the other hand, 52 nucleotide mutations were identified in the vp1/vp2 gene, out of which three impacted amino acid transition (T226S, F267Y, and A440T). Phylogenetic analysis of the vp1/vp2 gene demonstrated that the five sequences clustered in a clade called "III", pertaining to sequences from USA and Uruguay. To our knowledge, this was the first report of genomic sequences associated with CPV-2 in Mexico, which is of great relevance for the epidemiological-molecular understanding and evolution of the virus.

犬细小病毒 2 型(CPV-2)是全球犬病毒性肠胃炎的主要病原体之一。这种疾病的主要特征是腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、厌食和脱水。在未接种疫苗的狗和三个月以下的狗中,这种病毒的死亡率和发病率都很高。对本地区病毒变种的监测表明,在过去 7 年中,变种 CPV-2c 一直是唯一流行的病毒,如果我们考虑到在世界其他地区,至少有两种变种在狗群中同时流行,那么这种情况就很不寻常了。据我们所知,墨西哥没有任何研究报告过 CPV-2 的基因组序列,而 CPV-2 基因组序列与基因水平的种群比较相关。因此,本研究旨在对与 CPV-2c 相关的基因组进行测序。为实现这一目标,研究人员从疑似感染 CPV-2 的狗身上采集了直肠拭子样本。通过侧流检测和聚合酶链反应确诊的五例阳性病例被选中进行病毒基因组测序。比较分析表明,获得的基因组序列与 GenBank 中 CPV-2 的同源性大于 99%。另一方面,在 vp1/vp2 基因中发现了 52 个核苷酸突变,其中 3 个影响氨基酸转换(T226S、F267Y 和 A440T)。vp1/vp2 基因的系统进化分析表明,这五个序列聚集在一个名为 "III "的支系中,与来自美国和乌拉圭的序列有关。据我们所知,这是墨西哥首次报告与 CPV-2 相关的基因组序列,这对了解该病毒的流行病学、分子和进化具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Trichomoniasis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Married Women in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜胡克市已婚妇女滴虫病和外阴阴道念珠菌病患病率。
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.303
S S Ismael

Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. are the most common causes of vaginal infections among reproductive-age women. T. vaginalis is a sexual protozoa parasite that causes trichomoniasis. Candida spp. are fungal and cause infection in the female genital tract named candidiasis. Both microorganisms if not treated correctly may lead to various complications, such as abortion, premature delivery, disorders of menstrual cycle, and infertility. The current study aimed to study the frequency of infections with T. vaginalis and Candida spp., including C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, among females with vaginal infection in Duhok City, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A total of 400 vaginal swabs were collected from women with vaginal infections that attended the Vin Private Laboratory (n=250) and Arveen Private Laboratory (n=150). Out of these 400 vaginal swabs samples, 24 samples were recorded positive for T. vaginalis by direct smear and 100 samples for candidiasis by culturing on the CHROMagarTM Candida. Three species of Candida were isolated, namely C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and their prevalence rates were obtained at 60.9%., 28.25, 7.3%, and 3.6%, respectively. Vaginal infection was commonly found in the age group of 25-35 years (49.6%), followed by the age group of 35-45 years (36.4%). Moreover, 3.2% of samples were found to have a mixed infection with trichomoniasis and candidiasis. Because these two causative agents cause numerous complications in women, it is highly recommended proper controlling measures, such as health education, personal hygiene, and treatment of infected women, be implemented to prevent or decrease vaginal infection.

阴道毛滴虫和白色念珠菌是育龄妇女阴道感染的最常见原因。阴道毛滴虫是一种性原生动物寄生虫,可导致滴虫病。念珠菌属是真菌,会引起女性生殖道感染,称为念珠菌病。如果治疗不当,这两种微生物都可能导致各种并发症,如流产、早产、月经周期紊乱和不孕。本研究旨在调查伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜胡克市患有阴道炎的女性感染阴道念珠菌和白色念珠菌属(包括白念珠菌、克鲁塞念珠菌和格拉布氏念珠菌)的频率。我们从到 Vin 私人实验室(250 人)和 Arveen 私人实验室(150 人)就诊的阴道感染妇女中收集了 400 份阴道拭子。在这 400 份阴道拭子样本中,有 24 份样本通过直接涂片检测出阴道念珠菌阳性,100 份样本通过 CHROMagarTM 念珠菌培养检测出念珠菌阳性。结果分离出三种念珠菌,即白念珠菌、克鲁塞念珠菌和格拉布氏念珠菌,其感染率分别为 60.9%、28.25%、7.3% 和 3.6%。阴道感染常见于 25-35 岁年龄组(49.6%),其次是 35-45 岁年龄组(36.4%)。此外,3.2%的样本发现滴虫和念珠菌混合感染。由于这两种致病菌会给妇女带来多种并发症,因此强烈建议采取适当的控制措施,如健康教育、个人卫生和对受感染妇女的治疗,以预防或减少阴道感染。
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引用次数: 0
Immunological Response and Nutritional Effects of Lactobacillus spp.-fermented Garlic on Turkey Broilers. 乳酸菌属发酵大蒜对火鸡肉鸡的免疫反应和营养影响
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.345
N H Qui, N T Linh, Nta Thu, K Nang, N H Phong, B N Minh, N Tu Tai, D D Luc, A Triatmojo

In the era of free antibiotics used in animal production, the application of feed additives should be prioritized to improve poultry health and production.  The present study was conducted to evaluate the influences of garlic fermented by Lactobacillus spp. on the growth rate, intestinal microorganisms, and immune response of turkey broilers. A completely randomized design was used, involving 90 turkey broilers aged 1-56 days, with five treatments and three replicates per treatment. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum for the entire experiment period. The treatments included the supplementation of aqueous extract from fermented garlic (FG) to drinking water. The results showed that broilers supplemented with 0.8% FG exhibited the largest final body weight (1,158 g/bird), body weight gain (19.64 g/bird/day), and significantly improved feed conversion ratio (1.962) while decreasing the feed intake of turkey broilers from to 1-56 days. The immune organ indices, including the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius indices, were increased in the 0.6% FG treatment group (P<0.05), while antibody titers (at 28 and 42 days of age) were improved in the 0.6% and 0.8% FG treatments (P<0.05). Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were not detected in the intestines of these birds, while the amount of Escherichia coli was reduced (P<0.05) and Lactobacillus spp. increased (P>0.05) without a significant effect. It can be concluded that supplementation with 0.8% FG improved growth performance, and 0.6% FG may enhance the immunity of turkeys. Moreover, 0.6% and 0.8% FG could be widely used for poultry production.

在动物生产不使用抗生素的时代,饲料添加剂的应用应优先考虑改善家禽的健康和生产。 本研究旨在评估经乳酸杆菌发酵的大蒜对火鸡肉鸡生长速度、肠道微生物和免疫反应的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,90 只火鸡肉鸡(1-56 日龄)参与试验,共设 5 个处理,每个处理设 3 个重复。在整个实验期间,火鸡自由采食饲料和饮水。处理包括在饮用水中添加发酵大蒜水提取物(FG)。结果表明,添加 0.8% FG 的火鸡肉鸡最终体重(1,158 克/只)和增重(19.64 克/只/天)最大,饲料转化率(1.962)显著提高,同时降低了火鸡肉鸡 1-56 天的采食量。0.6% FG 处理组的免疫器官指数(包括脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数)有所增加(未在这些禽类的肠道中检测到产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌属),而大肠杆菌的数量有所减少(乳酸杆菌属有所增加(P>0.05),但无显著影响)。由此可以得出结论,补充 0.8% 的 FG 可以提高火鸡的生长性能,而 0.6% 的 FG 则可以提高火鸡的免疫力。此外,0.6% 和 0.8% FG 可广泛用于家禽生产。
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引用次数: 0
Pro- or anti-inflammatory properties of cytokines in COVID-19: which offer better protection against disease? COVID-19 中细胞因子的促炎或抗炎特性:哪一种能更好地预防疾病?
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.246
Z Jadali
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引用次数: 0
In vitro anti-Toxoplasma effects and apoptotic induction of queen bee acid (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) alone and in combination with atovaquone. 蜂王浆酸(10-羟基-2-癸烯酸)单独使用和与阿托伐醌联合使用的体外抗弓形虫作用和凋亡诱导。
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.321
P Asgari, S Pourhossein

Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, is a parasitic, infectious disease. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA, queen bee acid (QBA), is one of the most prevalent fatty acids (>40%) present in royal jelly. Studies have pointed to antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antimicrobial effects of 10-H2DA, improving the immune system. This experimental survey aimed to assess the in vitro efficacy of QBA against tachyzoites and intracellular parasites of the T. gondii RH strain. Anti-Toxoplasma effects of QBA against tachyzoites were examined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay for 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. In addition, the effect of QBA on infection rate and intracellular parasites was studied. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) was also applied to assess the expression level of the Caspase-3 gene. The best efficiency of QBA was obtained at 100 and 50 µg/mL, whereas all tachyzoites were diminished, followed by 120- and 180-min treatment, respectively. It was also found that the best repressing efficacy of QBA in the infection rate and the load of parasites into the Vero cells was indicated at 100 µg/mL (P<0.001). Nonetheless, the combination of QBA (12.5 µg/mL) along with atovaquone 30 µg/mL displayed the most marked effect on the infection rate and a load of parasites into the Vero cells in the infected Vero cells. The expression level of the Caspase-3 gene was dose-dependently increased after the exposure of tachyzoites to QBA, mainly at ½ IC50 and IC50 compared to normal saline. The obtained findings exhibited the high in vitro potency of QBA, especially in combination with atovaquone against T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. Although apoptosis induction can be suggested as one of the principle mechanisms, more studies are required to elucidate its accurate mechanisms, as well as its efficacy and safety in animal models and clinical settings.

弓形虫病是由弓形虫寄生虫引起的一种寄生性传染病。10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10-H2DA,蜂王酸(QBA))是蜂王浆中最常见的脂肪酸之一(>40%)。研究表明,10-H2DA具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗血管生成和抗菌作用,并能改善免疫系统。这项实验调查旨在评估 QBA 对淋病双球菌 RH 株的速生虫和细胞内寄生虫的体外疗效。通过 MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)试验检测了 QBA 在 30、60、120 和 180 分钟内对鲎的抗弓形虫效果。此外,还研究了 QBA 对感染率和细胞内寄生虫的影响。实时聚合酶链反应(Real-Time PCR)也被用于评估 Caspase-3 基因的表达水平。结果表明,当 QBA 的浓度分别为 100 和 50 µg/mL 时,QBA 的作用效果最好,所有的速生虫都会减少,然后分别处理 120 分钟和 180 分钟。研究还发现,与生理盐水相比,100 微克/毫升(P50 和 IC50)时 QBA 对 Vero 细胞感染率和寄生虫载量的抑制效果最佳。研究结果表明 QBA 具有很强的体外药效,尤其是与阿托伐醌联合使用时,能有效抑制淋病双球菌 RH 株的鲎虫。虽然诱导凋亡可能是其主要机制之一,但还需要更多的研究来阐明其准确机制,以及在动物模型和临床环境中的有效性和安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diphtheria Attending the Infectious Disease Hospital in Delhi. 在德里传染病医院就诊的白喉患者的流行病学和临床特征。
Q3 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.355
B D Kamble, S K Singh, V G Chellaiyan, S Jethani, M Gunjan, J Jenniferbritto

Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease with a changing epidemiology. It is thus essential to recognize diphtheria's clinical profile, patterns of morbidity and mortality, and the level of immunization. This study aimed to analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with diphtheria at the Infectious Disease Hospital, New Delhi, India. The present study was a cross-sectional investigation conducted on 94 patients diagnosed with diphtheria. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that had questions eliciting details such as socio-demographic characteristics, clinical history, examination findings, and vaccination history. The case fatality rate was calculated. Means and proportions were also measured, and the significance level was set at P <0.05. The meanSD age of the participants was 94.4 years. Laryngeal involvement was found in 10 (11%) participants. Complete diphtheria vaccination doses were taken by 6 (6.4%) participants. The case fatality rate was 13%, and complications such as neuropathy were found in 21 (22%) cases, cardiac problems in 12 (13%), and respiratory problems in 13 (14%). Longer duration of the illness, delayed presentation, and complications were associated with poor clinical outcomes (P<0.05). The majority of diphtheria cases were 6-10 years old and had a low socio-economic status. Most of them had a partial vaccination against diphtheria. Around one-third of the patients had complications related to diphtheria, and the case fatality rate was also high. Key preventive measures for controlling the deadly diphtheria disease include specialized immunization programs for areas with poor immunization coverage, as well as the early detection and treatment of suspected cases.

白喉是一种重新流行的疾病,其流行病学正在发生变化。因此,了解白喉的临床概况、发病和死亡模式以及免疫水平至关重要。本研究旨在分析印度新德里传染病医院白喉患者的临床流行病学特征。本研究对 94 名确诊为白喉的患者进行了横断面调查。数据收集工具是一份调查问卷,其中的问题包括社会人口特征、临床病史、检查结果和疫苗接种史等详细信息。计算了病死率。此外,还测量了平均数和比例,显著性水平定为 P P P
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Archives of Razi Institute
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