Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.226
Ya-Lun Yu, Shih-Wei Tsai
Nowadays, more harmful volatile organic compounds are found in the workplace and exposed to them has many adverse health effects. Various occupational exposure limits are available to protect workers’ health for toxic substances. Nevertheless, air sampling and analysis methods have also been developed to detect harmful substances. Regarding health risk assessment, compared with only knowing the concentrations of fewer substances, it’ll be more beneficial if we can detect multiple compounds simultaneously. Therefore, there’s a need to develop more comprehensive and convenient way to sample and analyze air samples. In this study, we established the qualitative and quantitative conditions of co-existing airborne chemicals through taking air samples by gas bags, followed by SPME extraction, solvent-free technique, and GC/MS analysis. The findings from validation procedure showed it provides convenient and sensitive method to determine various chemicals in workplace’s air concurrently. To prepare known concentrations standard vapors, we used zero-air system and air sampling bags with the VOCs standard containing 54 different substances. Moreover, we used the micro-injection needle to inject 0.16mL liquid, which was 200μg/mL, into the bags, followed by vaporizing to produce vapor with the concentration of each VOC of about 1ppm. Carboxen-PDMS SPME fiber was selected in this study then adsorbed and extracted for 40 minutes. The results showed 49 different VOCs can be identified, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p,m-xylene, etc. Besides, linear ranges and sample stabilities were also validated. Furthermore, the established method was applied to determine the airborne chemicals in hairdressing and nail salons.
{"title":"163 Validations of the sampling and analysis techniques for the co-existing airborne chemicals in occupational settings","authors":"Ya-Lun Yu, Shih-Wei Tsai","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.226","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, more harmful volatile organic compounds are found in the workplace and exposed to them has many adverse health effects. Various occupational exposure limits are available to protect workers’ health for toxic substances. Nevertheless, air sampling and analysis methods have also been developed to detect harmful substances. Regarding health risk assessment, compared with only knowing the concentrations of fewer substances, it’ll be more beneficial if we can detect multiple compounds simultaneously. Therefore, there’s a need to develop more comprehensive and convenient way to sample and analyze air samples. In this study, we established the qualitative and quantitative conditions of co-existing airborne chemicals through taking air samples by gas bags, followed by SPME extraction, solvent-free technique, and GC/MS analysis. The findings from validation procedure showed it provides convenient and sensitive method to determine various chemicals in workplace’s air concurrently. To prepare known concentrations standard vapors, we used zero-air system and air sampling bags with the VOCs standard containing 54 different substances. Moreover, we used the micro-injection needle to inject 0.16mL liquid, which was 200μg/mL, into the bags, followed by vaporizing to produce vapor with the concentration of each VOC of about 1ppm. Carboxen-PDMS SPME fiber was selected in this study then adsorbed and extracted for 40 minutes. The results showed 49 different VOCs can be identified, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p,m-xylene, etc. Besides, linear ranges and sample stabilities were also validated. Furthermore, the established method was applied to determine the airborne chemicals in hairdressing and nail salons.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.068
Dr Michel Lariviere, Dr Zsuzsanna Kerekes, William Nesbitt
The following presentation describes the development of the mental health strategy with the integration of a large-scale survey and the results from the Mining Mental Health project in Ontario, Canada. This 5-year research effort included a large-scale survey of the mental health and wellbeing of mining workers (N= 2,224 participants) using several clinical instruments. The research also integrated qualitative results from individual interviews and focus group meetings. The study represents the first of its kind in the mining industry and results confirmed the need for such research. The prevalence of mental health indicators such as depression, suicidality, PTSD, fatigue, burnout, and substance abuse will be discussed during this presentation as well as their correlates. The predictors of workplace absenteeism and the barriers of a successful return to work will be illustrated. The presentation intends to offer guidance on how to develop a mental health strategy from a systems perspective in the mining industry and involve multiple stakeholders in research of this kind. Finally, it will provide suggestions on potential intervention strategies for mining worker health.
{"title":"167 Minds in Mines- Assessing the psychological wellbeing of mining industry workers in Ontario Canada","authors":"Dr Michel Lariviere, Dr Zsuzsanna Kerekes, William Nesbitt","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.068","url":null,"abstract":"The following presentation describes the development of the mental health strategy with the integration of a large-scale survey and the results from the Mining Mental Health project in Ontario, Canada. This 5-year research effort included a large-scale survey of the mental health and wellbeing of mining workers (N= 2,224 participants) using several clinical instruments. The research also integrated qualitative results from individual interviews and focus group meetings. The study represents the first of its kind in the mining industry and results confirmed the need for such research. The prevalence of mental health indicators such as depression, suicidality, PTSD, fatigue, burnout, and substance abuse will be discussed during this presentation as well as their correlates. The predictors of workplace absenteeism and the barriers of a successful return to work will be illustrated. The presentation intends to offer guidance on how to develop a mental health strategy from a systems perspective in the mining industry and involve multiple stakeholders in research of this kind. Finally, it will provide suggestions on potential intervention strategies for mining worker health.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.277
Linda Apthorpe
As Occupational Hygienists we know that communication is an integral component of the work we do. In many circumstances, we only have limited opportunities to get our message across to implement change or to make important information stick. In these cases, your message delivery counts, and effective communication is essential. You may need to deliver your message by standing in front of worker groups, OHS committees, management representatives or even delegates at an occupational hygiene conference! This professional development workshop will help you to communicate your story and build your confidence in presenting. We’ll explore how to plan, design and prepare your presentation, and to engage your audience to get your message across. There will information on presenter techniques, and plenty of tips and tricks including how to make an impact, how to improve your presentation and communication skills, how to build confidence and how to feel comfortable in presenting. This workshop is for anyone who wants to improve their presentation preparation and skills to give compelling presentations.
{"title":"141 Start with the end in mind: How to give compelling presentations!","authors":"Linda Apthorpe","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.277","url":null,"abstract":"As Occupational Hygienists we know that communication is an integral component of the work we do. In many circumstances, we only have limited opportunities to get our message across to implement change or to make important information stick. In these cases, your message delivery counts, and effective communication is essential. You may need to deliver your message by standing in front of worker groups, OHS committees, management representatives or even delegates at an occupational hygiene conference! This professional development workshop will help you to communicate your story and build your confidence in presenting. We’ll explore how to plan, design and prepare your presentation, and to engage your audience to get your message across. There will information on presenter techniques, and plenty of tips and tricks including how to make an impact, how to improve your presentation and communication skills, how to build confidence and how to feel comfortable in presenting. This workshop is for anyone who wants to improve their presentation preparation and skills to give compelling presentations.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.214
Giovanna Tranfo, Lidia Caporossi, Bruno Papaleo, Alessandra Pera
The environmental contributors to reproductive health begin in utero and include the social, physical and nutritional environment, and physical and chemical agents. In the past 70 years, there has been a dramatic increase in human exposure to both natural and synthetic chemicals. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the hormonal system and thereby produce harmful effects in both humans and wildlife. Under the European REACH regulation, endocrine disruptors are identified as substances of very high concern alongside chemicals known to cause cancer, mutations and toxicity to reproduction. Similarly to carcinogens or mutagens, reprotoxic substances may have serious and irreversible effects also on workers’ health. Therefore, occupational exposure to reprotoxic substances should also be regulated under the same directive on the protection of workers from carcinogens or mutagens at work (Directive 2004/37/EC). Occupational exposure limit values have been set for 12 widely used substances in the new directive 2022/431/EC, and therefore validated exposure assessment methods should be made available. The health surveillance is requested for workers exposed to these substances, that is the assessment of the health status of an individual worker based on exposure to specific substances during work. Therefore, cooperation with obstetrician, gynaecologist and other reproductive health professionals is needed, for the assessment of male and female fertility status. On the other side clinicians should always ask women of childbearing age about occupational exposures as legal exposure limits for most workplace chemicals are not designed to protect against harm to a pregnancy or the developing fetus.
{"title":"133 Elevating worker health: safeguarding against reprotoxic substances exposure","authors":"Giovanna Tranfo, Lidia Caporossi, Bruno Papaleo, Alessandra Pera","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.214","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental contributors to reproductive health begin in utero and include the social, physical and nutritional environment, and physical and chemical agents. In the past 70 years, there has been a dramatic increase in human exposure to both natural and synthetic chemicals. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the hormonal system and thereby produce harmful effects in both humans and wildlife. Under the European REACH regulation, endocrine disruptors are identified as substances of very high concern alongside chemicals known to cause cancer, mutations and toxicity to reproduction. Similarly to carcinogens or mutagens, reprotoxic substances may have serious and irreversible effects also on workers’ health. Therefore, occupational exposure to reprotoxic substances should also be regulated under the same directive on the protection of workers from carcinogens or mutagens at work (Directive 2004/37/EC). Occupational exposure limit values have been set for 12 widely used substances in the new directive 2022/431/EC, and therefore validated exposure assessment methods should be made available. The health surveillance is requested for workers exposed to these substances, that is the assessment of the health status of an individual worker based on exposure to specific substances during work. Therefore, cooperation with obstetrician, gynaecologist and other reproductive health professionals is needed, for the assessment of male and female fertility status. On the other side clinicians should always ask women of childbearing age about occupational exposures as legal exposure limits for most workplace chemicals are not designed to protect against harm to a pregnancy or the developing fetus.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.246
Hanne Line Daae, Anne Mette Madsen, Pål Graff
Introduction The aim of this study was to describe the occupational exposure to microorganisms and endotoxin, for workers employed in the recycling of offshore drilling waste. A pilot study on two treatment plants, showed presence of human bacterial- and fungal pathogens in the drilling waste and showed a need for this larger study. Methodology The study included 7 different plants across Norway, thus encompassing most of the industry. 435 personal full-shift analyses, 26 bulk samples and 123 stationary short-time samples of microorganisms were collected. Viable bacterial and fungal species were identified with MALDI-TOF, and bacterial and fungal DNA with ddPCR. The biofilm formation potential was also measured using an Epoch microplate spectrophotometer. Results Even though mean exposure was low, some workers were exposed to high levels of endotoxin (207 EU/m3), bacteria (3.8x104 CFU/m3 and 9.8x104 DNA copies/m3) or fungi (1.4x107 CFU/m3 and 3600 DNA copies/m3). The drilling waste contained a high number of bacteria (102 to 1010 CFU of bacteria/mL) and pathogens in risk class 2 were found in all plants. The biofilm formation potential varied between the different plants. Conclusions Despite moderate exposure levels, certain work tasks, job titles, areas, and techniques, were associated with elevated levels of microorganisms and endotoxin. Human pathogens were present in the drilling waste, the workers can be exposed via the air and potentially via splashes.
{"title":"236 Occupational exposure to microorganisms and endotoxin during treatment of offshore drilling waste","authors":"Hanne Line Daae, Anne Mette Madsen, Pål Graff","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.246","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The aim of this study was to describe the occupational exposure to microorganisms and endotoxin, for workers employed in the recycling of offshore drilling waste. A pilot study on two treatment plants, showed presence of human bacterial- and fungal pathogens in the drilling waste and showed a need for this larger study. Methodology The study included 7 different plants across Norway, thus encompassing most of the industry. 435 personal full-shift analyses, 26 bulk samples and 123 stationary short-time samples of microorganisms were collected. Viable bacterial and fungal species were identified with MALDI-TOF, and bacterial and fungal DNA with ddPCR. The biofilm formation potential was also measured using an Epoch microplate spectrophotometer. Results Even though mean exposure was low, some workers were exposed to high levels of endotoxin (207 EU/m3), bacteria (3.8x104 CFU/m3 and 9.8x104 DNA copies/m3) or fungi (1.4x107 CFU/m3 and 3600 DNA copies/m3). The drilling waste contained a high number of bacteria (102 to 1010 CFU of bacteria/mL) and pathogens in risk class 2 were found in all plants. The biofilm formation potential varied between the different plants. Conclusions Despite moderate exposure levels, certain work tasks, job titles, areas, and techniques, were associated with elevated levels of microorganisms and endotoxin. Human pathogens were present in the drilling waste, the workers can be exposed via the air and potentially via splashes.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Beta gauge is used in PM monitoring. It measures particle mass by utilizing beta attenuation. However, due to the high deviation of beta particles per second, commercial beta gauges have a high response time. That means achieving real-time monitoring is challenging. This study aims to improve the beta gauge’s detection limit(LOD) and response time(TR) for real-time monitoring. To reduce external environmental interference, aerosol generation system was established in laboratory to generate stable challenge particle size and distribution. The commercial beta gauge was used to evaluate the effects of the sampling area, sampling number, and smoothing time(TS). Lambert Beer’s law was used to convert the beta intensity into mass concentration per second, evaluating the beta gauge’s TR, S/N ratio, and LOD. By adjusting TS from 5 to 75 min, TR reaches from 0.3 to 60 minutes. At daily average PM2.5 of 35 μg/m3, the SD of readings decreases from 175 to 3.2 μg/m3. At quantitative standard (S/N ratio=10), when the sampling area is reduced from 2 to 0.4 cm2, the required TS is shortened by 33%. When the sample number is increased to 6, the required TS can be shortened by 60%. The LOD is about 12 μg/m3 with TS of 75 minutes. By increasing the sample number to 6, it can be achieved 1.5 μg/m3. To optimize its response time, the smoothing method can be utilized. To improve the stability of beta gauge measurement and achieve a lower LOD, it is recommended to reduce the sampling area and increase the number of samples.
{"title":"160 Performance improvement of beta gauge particulate monitors","authors":"Qi-Xiang li, Chih-Wei lin, Sheng-Hsiu Huang, Chih-Chieh Chen","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.224","url":null,"abstract":"The Beta gauge is used in PM monitoring. It measures particle mass by utilizing beta attenuation. However, due to the high deviation of beta particles per second, commercial beta gauges have a high response time. That means achieving real-time monitoring is challenging. This study aims to improve the beta gauge’s detection limit(LOD) and response time(TR) for real-time monitoring. To reduce external environmental interference, aerosol generation system was established in laboratory to generate stable challenge particle size and distribution. The commercial beta gauge was used to evaluate the effects of the sampling area, sampling number, and smoothing time(TS). Lambert Beer’s law was used to convert the beta intensity into mass concentration per second, evaluating the beta gauge’s TR, S/N ratio, and LOD. By adjusting TS from 5 to 75 min, TR reaches from 0.3 to 60 minutes. At daily average PM2.5 of 35 μg/m3, the SD of readings decreases from 175 to 3.2 μg/m3. At quantitative standard (S/N ratio=10), when the sampling area is reduced from 2 to 0.4 cm2, the required TS is shortened by 33%. When the sample number is increased to 6, the required TS can be shortened by 60%. The LOD is about 12 μg/m3 with TS of 75 minutes. By increasing the sample number to 6, it can be achieved 1.5 μg/m3. To optimize its response time, the smoothing method can be utilized. To improve the stability of beta gauge measurement and achieve a lower LOD, it is recommended to reduce the sampling area and increase the number of samples.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.052
Geoff Pickford, Philip Hibbs
More than 55 years ago, an analytical technique employing phase contrast microscopy was developed for the quantitative estimation of airborne asbestos fibre concentration. It was found that the detection limit of these microscopes was dependent upon microscope design, set-up and observer performance. In the late 1970’s the HSE/NPL Phase-Contrast Test Slide was developed that facilitated the standardisation of detection limits of microscopes and observers in laboratories around the world. An alternative test slide has now been developed using state of the art nano-metre fabrication technology, and is known as the Pickford Phase Contrast Test Slide, and manufactured by PhaseSlides. Both subjective and newly developed objective visibility testing show that the Pickford Test Slide is equivalent to the HSE/NPL Test Slide, and users report it to be much easier to use. Each Pickford Test Slide is certified by the Environmental Analytical Laboratory of the Southern Cross University – stating that it is equivalent in performance to that of the HSE/NPL test slide. Acknowledgement to the BOHS Annals of Work Exposures and Health.
{"title":"112 An alternative to the HSE/NPL phase contrast test slide for airborne asbestos fibre analysis laboratories","authors":"Geoff Pickford, Philip Hibbs","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.052","url":null,"abstract":"More than 55 years ago, an analytical technique employing phase contrast microscopy was developed for the quantitative estimation of airborne asbestos fibre concentration. It was found that the detection limit of these microscopes was dependent upon microscope design, set-up and observer performance. In the late 1970’s the HSE/NPL Phase-Contrast Test Slide was developed that facilitated the standardisation of detection limits of microscopes and observers in laboratories around the world. An alternative test slide has now been developed using state of the art nano-metre fabrication technology, and is known as the Pickford Phase Contrast Test Slide, and manufactured by PhaseSlides. Both subjective and newly developed objective visibility testing show that the Pickford Test Slide is equivalent to the HSE/NPL Test Slide, and users report it to be much easier to use. Each Pickford Test Slide is certified by the Environmental Analytical Laboratory of the Southern Cross University – stating that it is equivalent in performance to that of the HSE/NPL test slide. Acknowledgement to the BOHS Annals of Work Exposures and Health.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.072
Prasanth Kondragunta, Chand Bandaru
Cross contamination in pharmaceutical industry is a serious issue which can affect the quality and safety of drugs. Methods for conducting the Cross-contamination study, identifying potential routes of contamination and results from the swab and air samples will be presented. The evaluation criteria for the cross contamination study involves calculating the potential contamination in a maximum daily dose of one product and compare it with Permissible Daily Exposure (PDE) values. Key recommendations related to management of ventilation systems and work practices to minimize the cross-contamination will be shared.
{"title":"184 Lessons learnt from cross contamination/gradient study across pharmaceutical formulation sites","authors":"Prasanth Kondragunta, Chand Bandaru","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.072","url":null,"abstract":"Cross contamination in pharmaceutical industry is a serious issue which can affect the quality and safety of drugs. Methods for conducting the Cross-contamination study, identifying potential routes of contamination and results from the swab and air samples will be presented. The evaluation criteria for the cross contamination study involves calculating the potential contamination in a maximum daily dose of one product and compare it with Permissible Daily Exposure (PDE) values. Key recommendations related to management of ventilation systems and work practices to minimize the cross-contamination will be shared.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.232
Chao-chun Hsu, Chih-chieh Chen, Sheng-Hsiu Huang, Chih-wei Lin
A motor plays a crucial role in household appliances, such as fans, hair driers, cleaning robots and electric shavers. However, varies studies have showed that the motors inside the household appliances, such as vacuum cleaners and toy cars, generate the ultrafine particle, which have been proven to be harmful to human health. So, we will test the particle number concentration and particle size, and know about the main mechanisms by which motors generate particles. Ultimately, find an effective way to control motor-generated particles We establish an experimental chamber with a volume of 2 liters. Test motor would be placed inside the chamber, and the chamber were supplied with particle free air to bring out the particles. We use a Condensation Particle Counter and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer to monitor the particulate concentration and particle size range over time. A brushed DC motor and a brushless DC motor with a rated output power of 64 W commonly used indoors, will be utilized for testing. The results of mechanism experience indicate that both the brushes and the bearings generate particles through mechanical friction, and the particles generated through spark discharge are 100 times more numerous than those generated through mechanical friction. This suggests that spark discharge is the main mechanism for particle generation by the motor. At a rotational speed of approximately 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate reaches as high as 3.4 x 107 #/sec.However, at 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate of the brushless DC motor is only 2.2 x104 #/sec, about one-thousandth that of the brushed DC motor.
电机在电风扇、电吹风、清洁机器人和电动剃须刀等家用电器中起着至关重要的作用。然而，多项研究表明，吸尘器和玩具车等家用电器内部的电机会产生超细粒子，而这些粒子已被证实对人体健康有害。因此，我们将测试颗粒数量浓度和颗粒大小，了解电机产生颗粒的主要机制。我们将建立一个容积为 2 升的实验箱。将测试电机置于实验箱内，并向实验箱内提供不含颗粒的空气，以产生颗粒。我们使用冷凝式粒子计数器和扫描移动式粒子测定仪来监测粒子浓度和粒径范围。我们将使用室内常用的有刷直流电机和额定输出功率为 64 W 的无刷直流电机进行测试。机制经验结果表明，电刷和轴承都会通过机械摩擦产生微粒，而通过火花放电产生的微粒数量是通过机械摩擦产生的微粒数量的 100 倍。这表明火花放电是电机产生微粒的主要机制。在转速约为 10,000 RPM 时，颗粒排放率高达 3.4 x 107 #/sec。然而，在 10,000 RPM 时，无刷直流电机的颗粒排放率仅为 2.2 x 104 #/sec，约为有刷直流电机的千分之一。
{"title":"175 The characteristic of aerosol emission from motors","authors":"Chao-chun Hsu, Chih-chieh Chen, Sheng-Hsiu Huang, Chih-wei Lin","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.232","url":null,"abstract":"A motor plays a crucial role in household appliances, such as fans, hair driers, cleaning robots and electric shavers. However, varies studies have showed that the motors inside the household appliances, such as vacuum cleaners and toy cars, generate the ultrafine particle, which have been proven to be harmful to human health. So, we will test the particle number concentration and particle size, and know about the main mechanisms by which motors generate particles. Ultimately, find an effective way to control motor-generated particles We establish an experimental chamber with a volume of 2 liters. Test motor would be placed inside the chamber, and the chamber were supplied with particle free air to bring out the particles. We use a Condensation Particle Counter and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer to monitor the particulate concentration and particle size range over time. A brushed DC motor and a brushless DC motor with a rated output power of 64 W commonly used indoors, will be utilized for testing. The results of mechanism experience indicate that both the brushes and the bearings generate particles through mechanical friction, and the particles generated through spark discharge are 100 times more numerous than those generated through mechanical friction. This suggests that spark discharge is the main mechanism for particle generation by the motor. At a rotational speed of approximately 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate reaches as high as 3.4 x 107 #/sec.However, at 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate of the brushless DC motor is only 2.2 x104 #/sec, about one-thousandth that of the brushed DC motor.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae035.188
Nancy Wilk
Global estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury indicate that each year 1.9 million people die from exposure to occupational risk factors, 81% of these fatalities resulting from non-communicable, occupational diseases. These are underestimates of the burden of occupational exposure and disease. We are not effectively preventing occupational disease and related fatalities through the classical approaches to occupational safety and health and risk management. There is an urgent need for alternate strategies to prevent occupational illness. Total Worker Health® (TWH®), introduced by NIOSH in 2011, offers an approach for consideration that could serve as a model across geographies and sectors to improve worker wellbeing, mitigation of risk, and ultimately, prevention of occupational disease and related fatality. This presentation will include the recent global estimates of non-communicable, occupational disease published by the World Health Organization and International Labour Office in 2021, and a review of the International Council on Mining and Metals’ Critical Control Management (CCM) process. TWH® will be defined and issues related to advancing worker wellbeing will be introduced. The other “Totals” and their relationships to TWH will be explained. The presentation will highlight the challenges in applying the CCM approach to critical risks associated with overexposure to chronic occupational health hazards such as silica and other carcinogens. In these intersecting topic areas, occupational hygienists and other OEHS professionals as exposure scientists can have meaningful input into prevention strategies and programs and improved worker health outcomes. Collaborative opportunities offering sustainable solutions will be introduced and discussed.
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