Javier Atalah, Pablo Sánchez-Jerez, David Izquierdo, Damián Fernandez-Jover, Pablo Arechavala-Lopez, Carlos Valle, Aitor Forcada, Kilian Toledo-Guedes
ABSTRACT: Farm sabotage can cause massive fish escape events with significant ecological and socio-economic risks. This study examined the fate of Mediterranean seabass Dicentrarchus labrax escapees following a large-scale escape event caused by sabotage in the Western Mediterranean Sea. We monitored the escapee density and size structure over 3 mo after the escape at increasing distances from the escape point, up to 45 km away. Fish density adjacent to the escape location 5 d after the sabotage was, on average, 114 ± 44.7 (SE) fish per 100 m2. Our analyses showed that fish density decreased by 17% for every km away from the location, dropping to 2 and 1% after 1 and 2 mo, respectively, following the escape event. As escapee density declined throughout time and space, the size distribution of seabass shifted towards larger sizes. The rapid decrease in fish densities highlights the need for contingency plans focusing on fishing efforts in the coastal areas near the escape location (<20 km) within the first 24 h. These results are paramount to mitigating the risks associated with escape events cost-effectively. We emphasise the importance of sabotage prevention measures, such as security systems that can quickly detect intruders and trigger an immediate response to deter them. Additionally, enforcing appropriate sanctions based on the severity of the damage caused could help to discourage future sabotage attempts.
{"title":"Fish dispersal from a sabotage-mediated massive escape event","authors":"Javier Atalah, Pablo Sánchez-Jerez, David Izquierdo, Damián Fernandez-Jover, Pablo Arechavala-Lopez, Carlos Valle, Aitor Forcada, Kilian Toledo-Guedes","doi":"10.3354/aei00482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Farm sabotage can cause massive fish escape events with significant ecological and socio-economic risks. This study examined the fate of Mediterranean seabass <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> escapees following a large-scale escape event caused by sabotage in the Western Mediterranean Sea. We monitored the escapee density and size structure over 3 mo after the escape at increasing distances from the escape point, up to 45 km away. Fish density adjacent to the escape location 5 d after the sabotage was, on average, 114 ± 44.7 (SE) fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup>. Our analyses showed that fish density decreased by 17% for every km away from the location, dropping to 2 and 1% after 1 and 2 mo, respectively, following the escape event. As escapee density declined throughout time and space, the size distribution of seabass shifted towards larger sizes. The rapid decrease in fish densities highlights the need for contingency plans focusing on fishing efforts in the coastal areas near the escape location (<20 km) within the first 24 h. These results are paramount to mitigating the risks associated with escape events cost-effectively. We emphasise the importance of sabotage prevention measures, such as security systems that can quickly detect intruders and trigger an immediate response to deter them. Additionally, enforcing appropriate sanctions based on the severity of the damage caused could help to discourage future sabotage attempts.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Wyman-Grothem, Leandro Castello, Dayana Tamiris Brito dos Santos Catâneo, Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria, André L. B. Magalhães, Jiří Patoka, Donald Stewart, Craig Watson
ABSTRACT: Fish in the South American genus Arapaima Müller, 1843 (hereafter referred to as arapaimas) have attracted interest for commercial aquaculture development thanks to their rapid growth rate and high market value. However, management agencies in the United States have expressed concerns about importing and culturing arapaimas due to records of non-native establishment in certain other countries where arapaimas were released or escaped from captivity. We used the Freshwater Fish Injurious Species Risk Assessment Model (FISRAM) to estimate the probability that arapaimas would be injurious (able to cause harm) to native ecosystems, humans, or the economy of the contiguous United States. Risk assessment model inputs were elicited from arapaima experts around the world. Model results were sensitive to the estimation of climate suitability for arapaimas within the contiguous United States, with predicted probability of injuriousness ranging from 0.784 down to 0.321 with different climate suitability inputs. Expert assessors predicted that competition and predation on native species would be the most likely mechanism of impact and expressed a high degree of uncertainty about potential for impacts from pathogens and parasites. We concluded that due to the cold sensitivity of these tropically adapted fish, establishment within the contiguous United States would be highly restricted geographically, limiting potential impacts if introduced outside climatically suitable areas. Existing regulations already mitigate risk of escape from aquaculture in areas where establishment is plausible, but further research into arapaima parasites and pathogens would help reduce uncertainties and suggest opportunities to enhance biosecurity measures if needed.
{"title":"Invasion risk to the United States from Arapaima spp. hinges on climate suitability","authors":"Katherine Wyman-Grothem, Leandro Castello, Dayana Tamiris Brito dos Santos Catâneo, Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria, André L. B. Magalhães, Jiří Patoka, Donald Stewart, Craig Watson","doi":"10.3354/aei00481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00481","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Fish in the South American genus <i>Arapaima</i> Müller, 1843 (hereafter referred to as arapaimas) have attracted interest for commercial aquaculture development thanks to their rapid growth rate and high market value. However, management agencies in the United States have expressed concerns about importing and culturing arapaimas due to records of non-native establishment in certain other countries where arapaimas were released or escaped from captivity. We used the Freshwater Fish Injurious Species Risk Assessment Model (FISRAM) to estimate the probability that arapaimas would be injurious (able to cause harm) to native ecosystems, humans, or the economy of the contiguous United States. Risk assessment model inputs were elicited from arapaima experts around the world. Model results were sensitive to the estimation of climate suitability for arapaimas within the contiguous United States, with predicted probability of injuriousness ranging from 0.784 down to 0.321 with different climate suitability inputs. Expert assessors predicted that competition and predation on native species would be the most likely mechanism of impact and expressed a high degree of uncertainty about potential for impacts from pathogens and parasites. We concluded that due to the cold sensitivity of these tropically adapted fish, establishment within the contiguous United States would be highly restricted geographically, limiting potential impacts if introduced outside climatically suitable areas. Existing regulations already mitigate risk of escape from aquaculture in areas where establishment is plausible, but further research into arapaima parasites and pathogens would help reduce uncertainties and suggest opportunities to enhance biosecurity measures if needed.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia O. Alvarado-Flores, Erico Carmona, Jorge Nimptsch, Carlos Oberti, Rolando Vega, Leonardo Anabalón, Francisco Encina-Montoya
ABSTRACT: Fish farm effluents are known to affect water quality and freshwater ecosystems, potentially harming non-target organisms and ecosystem processes. We studied the effect of fish farm effluents at different concentrations (3.125-100% v/v) on catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as well as the DNA integrity of Oncorhynchus mykiss fry over 24-120 h. Biochemical responses and DNA damage analysis were conducted to assess the impact. We found that fish farm effluent had higher conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, and total dissolved solids concentrations downstream compared to upstream of the farm. Interestingly, no antibiotics were detected in the effluent. CAT activity significantly increased in the fish liver at concentrations of 12.5, 50, and 100% of the effluent after 72 h. In the gills, a significant increase was observed at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100% of the effluent after both 24 and 72 h. GST activity increased significantly in the liver at a concentration of 100% of the effluent after 72 h and in the gills at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% after 24 h, with a decrease noted at higher concentrations. DNA damage assessment revealed significant DNA strand breaks in blood cells at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% of the effluent after 120 h of exposure. The results demonstrate that fish farm effluents can induce oxidative stress, causing damage to DNA integrity in blood cells. Our findings emphasize the potential ecological risks posed by fish farm effluents to aquatic organisms.
{"title":"Effects on enzyme activity and DNA integrity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to fish farm effluents","authors":"Claudia O. Alvarado-Flores, Erico Carmona, Jorge Nimptsch, Carlos Oberti, Rolando Vega, Leonardo Anabalón, Francisco Encina-Montoya","doi":"10.3354/aei00480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Fish farm effluents are known to affect water quality and freshwater ecosystems, potentially harming non-target organisms and ecosystem processes. We studied the effect of fish farm effluents at different concentrations (3.125-100% v/v) on catalase (CAT) and glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) activity as well as the DNA integrity of <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> fry over 24-120 h. Biochemical responses and DNA damage analysis were conducted to assess the impact. We found that fish farm effluent had higher conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, and total dissolved solids concentrations downstream compared to upstream of the farm. Interestingly, no antibiotics were detected in the effluent. CAT activity significantly increased in the fish liver at concentrations of 12.5, 50, and 100% of the effluent after 72 h. In the gills, a significant increase was observed at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100% of the effluent after both 24 and 72 h. GST activity increased significantly in the liver at a concentration of 100% of the effluent after 72 h and in the gills at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% after 24 h, with a decrease noted at higher concentrations. DNA damage assessment revealed significant DNA strand breaks in blood cells at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% of the effluent after 120 h of exposure. The results demonstrate that fish farm effluents can induce oxidative stress, causing damage to DNA integrity in blood cells. Our findings emphasize the potential ecological risks posed by fish farm effluents to aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Cyanobacteria blooms occur frequently in low-salinity shrimp culture ponds. To provide useful information about the potential harm and in situ biodegradation pathway of microcystins (MCs) in these ponds, we investigated accumulation of MCs in shrimp hepatopancreas and sediments, bacterial community composition and mlrA gene abundance in intestines and sediments in 11 Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds from 9 farms in China. MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR) accumulated in shrimp hepatopancreas and sediments in each sampled pond. Higher bacterial richness and diversity were observed in sediments than in intestines. Two MC-degrading genera (Sphingobium and Roseomonas) were detected in the intestine bacterial community, and 3 MC-degrading genera (Sphingobium, Rhizobium and Acinetobacter) were detected in the sediment bacterial community. The mlrA gene was easier to detect and more abundant in shrimp intestines than in sediments. These results suggest that there was a potential MC hazard in shrimp culture ponds, and the biodegradation pathway in shrimp intestines seemed to be more dependent on the mlr pathway than that in the sediments.
摘要：低盐度对虾养殖池塘中经常出现蓝藻藻华。为了提供有关这些池塘中微囊藻毒素（MCs）的潜在危害和原位生物降解途径的有用信息，我们调查了中国 9 个养殖场的 11 个万年青养殖池塘中对虾肝胰脏和沉积物中 MCs 的积累、细菌群落组成以及肠道和沉积物中 mlrA 基因的丰度。每个采样池塘的对虾肝胰腺和沉积物中都积累了 MCs（MC-LR、MC-RR 和 MC-YR）。与肠道相比，沉积物中的细菌丰富度和多样性更高。在肠道细菌群落中检测到两个 MC 降解菌属（Sphingobium 和 Roseomonas），在沉积物细菌群落中检测到 3 个 MC 降解菌属（Sphingobium、Rhizobium 和 Acinetobacter）。与沉积物相比，对虾肠道中的 mlrA 基因更容易检测到，含量也更高。这些结果表明，对虾养殖池塘中存在潜在的 MC 危害，与沉积物相比，对虾肠道中的生物降解途径似乎更依赖于 mlr 途径。
{"title":"Accumulation of microcystins, bacterial community composition and mlrA gene abundance in shrimp culture ponds","authors":"Xinyu Wang#, Wei Dai#, Xiangdong Bi, Xiaolei Zhang, Dajuan Zhang","doi":"10.3354/aei00479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Cyanobacteria blooms occur frequently in low-salinity shrimp culture ponds. To provide useful information about the potential harm and <i>in situ</i> biodegradation pathway of microcystins (MCs) in these ponds, we investigated accumulation of MCs in shrimp hepatopancreas and sediments, bacterial community composition and <i>mlrA</i> gene abundance in intestines and sediments in 11 <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> culture ponds from 9 farms in China. MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR) accumulated in shrimp hepatopancreas and sediments in each sampled pond. Higher bacterial richness and diversity were observed in sediments than in intestines. Two MC-degrading genera (<i>Sphingobium</i> and <i>Roseomonas</i>) were detected in the intestine bacterial community, and 3 MC-degrading genera (<i>Sphingobium</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i>) were detected in the sediment bacterial community. The <i>mlrA</i> gene was easier to detect and more abundant in shrimp intestines than in sediments. These results suggest that there was a potential MC hazard in shrimp culture ponds, and the biodegradation pathway in shrimp intestines seemed to be more dependent on the <i>mlr</i> pathway than that in the sediments.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie Corrigan, Dan A. Smale, Charles R. Tyler, A. Ross Brown
ABSTRACT: Low trophic aquaculture, including shellfish and seaweed farming, offers a potentially sustainable food source and may provide additional environmental benefits, including the creation of new feeding, breeding and nursery areas for fish of commercial and ecological importance. However, quantitative assessments of fish assemblages associated with aquaculture sites are lacking. We used pelagic baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) and hook and line catches to survey summer fish assemblages at 2 integrated blue mussel Mytilusedulis and kelp (predominantly Saccharinalatissima) farms in southwest UK. We recorded at least 11 finfish species across the surveys, including several of commercial importance, with farmed mussels and/or kelps supporting significantly higher levels of abundance and richness than reference areas outside farm infrastructure. Farmed kelp provided temporary habitat due to seasonal harvesting schedules, whereas farmed mussels provided greater habitat stability due to overlapping interannual growth cycles. Stomach content analysis of fish caught at the farms revealed that some low trophic level species had high proportions of amphipods in their stomachs, which also dominated epibiont assemblages at the farms. Higher trophic level fish stomachs contained several lower trophic level fish species, suggesting that farms provide new foraging grounds and support secondary and tertiary production. Although not identified to species level, juvenile fish were abundant at both farms, suggesting potential provisioning of nursery or breeding grounds; however, this needs further verification. Overall, this study provides evidence that shellfish and seaweed aquaculture can support and enhance populations of commercially and ecologically important fish species through habitat provisioning.
{"title":"Quantification of finfish assemblages associated with mussel and seaweed farms in southwest UK provides evidence of potential benefits to fisheries","authors":"Sophie Corrigan, Dan A. Smale, Charles R. Tyler, A. Ross Brown","doi":"10.3354/aei00478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Low trophic aquaculture, including shellfish and seaweed farming, offers a potentially sustainable food source and may provide additional environmental benefits, including the creation of new feeding, breeding and nursery areas for fish of commercial and ecological importance. However, quantitative assessments of fish assemblages associated with aquaculture sites are lacking. We used pelagic baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) and hook and line catches to survey summer fish assemblages at 2 integrated blue mussel <i>Mytilus</i> <i>edulis</i> and kelp (predominantly <i>Saccharina</i> <i>latissima</i>) farms in southwest UK. We recorded at least 11 finfish species across the surveys, including several of commercial importance, with farmed mussels and/or kelps supporting significantly higher levels of abundance and richness than reference areas outside farm infrastructure. Farmed kelp provided temporary habitat due to seasonal harvesting schedules, whereas farmed mussels provided greater habitat stability due to overlapping interannual growth cycles. Stomach content analysis of fish caught at the farms revealed that some low trophic level species had high proportions of amphipods in their stomachs, which also dominated epibiont assemblages at the farms. Higher trophic level fish stomachs contained several lower trophic level fish species, suggesting that farms provide new foraging grounds and support secondary and tertiary production. Although not identified to species level, juvenile fish were abundant at both farms, suggesting potential provisioning of nursery or breeding grounds; however, this needs further verification. Overall, this study provides evidence that shellfish and seaweed aquaculture can support and enhance populations of commercially and ecologically important fish species through habitat provisioning.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Rennie, Samantha J. Nowland, Ira R. Cooke, Jan M. Strugnell
ABSTRACT: The tropical blacklip rock oyster Saccostrea lineage J is an emerging aquaculture species displaying fast growth rates, large sizes and resilience to fluctuations in temperature and salinity, all characteristics that suggest it would be well-suited to bioremediatory applications. To investigate their bioremediatory potential, the present study aimed to (1) determine the influence of temperature (20, 24, 28, 32°C) on the filtration rate of Saccostrea lineage J and (2) describe and quantify uptake in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (chl a), using prawn pond effluent and 2 levels of oyster stocking density. The results demonstrated that higher water temperatures promote a faster filtration rate and identified an optimal performance range of 24 to 32°C for a filtration rate of 12.68 to 15.20 l h-1 g-1. In addition, the highest density (0.66 oysters l-1) of stocked oysters resulted in significant reduction of all water quality parameters, with TN reduced by 13%, TP by 16%, TSS by 95% and chl a by 29% when compared to unstocked controls after 3 h. Tissue analysis of 10 oysters with a mean whole weight of 75.4 g revealed a mean of 0.09 g of nitrogen per oyster. Scaling these values suggests that 1.20 kg of nitrogen is removed per tonne of harvested oysters. This study is the first to investigate the bioremediatory potential of Saccostrea lineage J and demonstrates their potential to improve aquaculture wastewater treatment practices and bioremediation.
{"title":"Filtration rate and bioremediatory potential of the tropical blacklip rock oyster Saccostrea lineage J","authors":"Benjamin Rennie, Samantha J. Nowland, Ira R. Cooke, Jan M. Strugnell","doi":"10.3354/aei00477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The tropical blacklip rock oyster <i>Saccostrea</i> lineage J is an emerging aquaculture species displaying fast growth rates, large sizes and resilience to fluctuations in temperature and salinity, all characteristics that suggest it would be well-suited to bioremediatory applications. To investigate their bioremediatory potential, the present study aimed to (1) determine the influence of temperature (20, 24, 28, 32°C) on the filtration rate of <i>Saccostrea</i> lineage J and (2) describe and quantify uptake in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll <i>a </i>(chl <i>a</i>), using prawn pond effluent and 2 levels of oyster stocking density. The results demonstrated that higher water temperatures promote a faster filtration rate and identified an optimal performance range of 24 to 32°C for a filtration rate of 12.68 to 15.20 l h<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the highest density (0.66 oysters l<sup>-1</sup>) of stocked oysters resulted in significant reduction of all water quality parameters, with TN reduced by 13%, TP by 16%, TSS by 95% and chl <i>a</i> by 29% when compared to unstocked controls after 3 h. Tissue analysis of 10 oysters with a mean whole weight of 75.4 g revealed a mean of 0.09 g of nitrogen per oyster. Scaling these values suggests that 1.20 kg of nitrogen is removed per tonne of harvested oysters. This study is the first to investigate the bioremediatory potential of <i>Saccostrea</i> lineage J and demonstrates their potential to improve aquaculture wastewater treatment practices and bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. Elvines, G. A. Hopkins, C. K. MacLeod, D. J. Ross, J. A. Ericson, N. L. C. Ragg, J. S. Copedo, C. A. White
ABSTRACT: As feed-additive aquaculture expands to open ocean areas, there is concern that ecologically important habitats may be adversely impacted by sedimentation of farm wastes. In this study, we investigated assimilation of salmon faecal wastes by an ecosystem engineering bivalve that occurs in open ocean environments (Atrina zelandica), as well as effects on physiology and fatty acid metabolism. A. zelandica were subjected to one of 3 treatment diets (fish faeces, 1:1 mix of algae:faeces and algae) in a 51 d laboratory trial. We found a diet-related response in fatty acid composition, including increased prevalence of oleic acid (OA) in digestive tissues of A. zelandica fed on both the fish faeces diet and the mixed diet, indicating fish wastes were assimilated in both treatments. Fish waste consumption was related to a more marked reduction in fatty acid content of digestive gland, as well as lower proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in digestive tissues. Fatty acid composition in gonad and muscle tissues was more strongly influenced by sex. Regardless of dietary treatment, females accumulated C18 fatty acids in gonad tissues, particularly OA, which may preclude the use of OA as a fish waste tracer in this organ. The accumulation of specific fatty acids according to sex may indicate a capacity for preferential selection and retention or biosynthesis of biologically important fatty acids. If present, these mechanisms may increase resilience of A. zelandica to stress from deficiencies in LC-PUFA when using fish wastes as a trophic subsidy.
摘要：随着饲料添加剂水产养殖扩展到开阔海域，人们担心重要的生态栖息地可能会受到养殖废物沉积的不利影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了一种出现在开阔海洋环境中的生态系统工程双壳贝类（Atrina zelandica）对鲑鱼粪便废物的同化作用，以及对生理和脂肪酸代谢的影响。在长达 51 天的实验室试验中，我们对 A. zelandica 进行了 3 种处理饮食（鱼粪便、1:1 混合藻类：粪便和藻类）中的一种处理。我们发现脂肪酸组成的反应与食物有关，包括鱼粪便食物和混合食物喂养的泽兰鱼消化组织中油酸（OA）含量的增加，这表明鱼类废物在这两种处理中都被同化了。食用鱼粪与消化腺脂肪酸含量的显著降低以及消化组织中长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）比例的降低有关。性腺和肌肉组织中的脂肪酸组成受性别的影响更大。无论饮食处理如何，雌鱼都会在性腺组织中积累 C18 脂肪酸，尤其是 OA，这可能会妨碍将 OA 用作该器官的鱼类废物示踪剂。特定脂肪酸在不同性别中的积累可能表明，生物重要脂肪酸具有优先选择和保留或生物合成的能力。如果存在这些机制，那么在使用鱼类废物作为营养补助时，这些机制可能会提高 A. zelandica 对 LC-PUFA 缺乏所造成的压力的恢复能力。
{"title":"Assimilation of fish farm wastes by the ecosystem engineering bivalve Atrina zelandica","authors":"D. M. Elvines, G. A. Hopkins, C. K. MacLeod, D. J. Ross, J. A. Ericson, N. L. C. Ragg, J. S. Copedo, C. A. White","doi":"10.3354/aei00475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00475","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: As feed-additive aquaculture expands to open ocean areas, there is concern that ecologically important habitats may be adversely impacted by sedimentation of farm wastes. In this study, we investigated assimilation of salmon faecal wastes by an ecosystem engineering bivalve that occurs in open ocean environments (<i>Atrina zelandica</i>), as well as effects on physiology and fatty acid metabolism. <i>A. zelandica</i> were subjected to one of 3 treatment diets (fish faeces, 1:1 mix of algae:faeces and algae) in a 51 d laboratory trial. We found a diet-related response in fatty acid composition, including increased prevalence of oleic acid (OA) in digestive tissues of <i>A. zelandica</i> fed on both the fish faeces diet and the mixed diet, indicating fish wastes were assimilated in both treatments. Fish waste consumption was related to a more marked reduction in fatty acid content of digestive gland, as well as lower proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in digestive tissues. Fatty acid composition in gonad and muscle tissues was more strongly influenced by sex. Regardless of dietary treatment, females accumulated C<sub>18</sub> fatty acids in gonad tissues, particularly OA, which may preclude the use of OA as a fish waste tracer in this organ. The accumulation of specific fatty acids according to sex may indicate a capacity for preferential selection and retention or biosynthesis of biologically important fatty acids. If present, these mechanisms may increase resilience of <i>A. zelandica</i> to stress from deficiencies in LC-PUFA when using fish wastes as a trophic subsidy.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars Qviller, Katharine Rose Dean, Mats Huserbråten, Ingrid Askeland Johnsen, Britt Bang Jensen
ABSTRACT: Host density is a key driver in parasite population dynamics, and often the number of parasites increases rapidly with host density. In the context of Norwegian salmonid farming, this mechanism has led to a disparity between the desire to increase cultured salmonid production, and to reduce the negative effects of parasite infestations. Salmon lice infestations are detrimental to animal welfare due to salmon lice treatments and spillover from farms to wild salmonids. Here, we examine how a redistribution of the salmonid farm biomass may hamper exchanges of lice larvae between farms, and consequently reduce the salmon lice burdens and treatment frequencies. More specifically, we use a stochastic simulation model, fitted to empirical data from Norwegian aquaculture, to examine how lice abundances and treatments responded when the biomass in the system was distributed onto fewer, larger farms situated farther apart. To maintain realistic fish growth, seasonality and cohort development, lice population dynamics were simulated on top of historic production data from Norway. We simulated several scenarios, where an increasing number of farms were closed, and their biomass was redistributed to other farms with matching cohorts. The results indicate that fewer and larger farms reduce lice numbers and treatment frequency, and that a strategic removal of farms, based on their importance for connectivity in an oceanographic lice dispersal network, improves this effect. Some core mechanisms are highlighted that should be considered in regional production planning, and in the allocation of production concessions in salmonid farming.
{"title":"Geographic redistribution of farmed salmonids reduces salmon lice infestations and treatment frequency in a simulation study","authors":"Lars Qviller, Katharine Rose Dean, Mats Huserbråten, Ingrid Askeland Johnsen, Britt Bang Jensen","doi":"10.3354/aei00473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Host density is a key driver in parasite population dynamics, and often the number of parasites increases rapidly with host density. In the context of Norwegian salmonid farming, this mechanism has led to a disparity between the desire to increase cultured salmonid production, and to reduce the negative effects of parasite infestations. Salmon lice infestations are detrimental to animal welfare due to salmon lice treatments and spillover from farms to wild salmonids. Here, we examine how a redistribution of the salmonid farm biomass may hamper exchanges of lice larvae between farms, and consequently reduce the salmon lice burdens and treatment frequencies. More specifically, we use a stochastic simulation model, fitted to empirical data from Norwegian aquaculture, to examine how lice abundances and treatments responded when the biomass in the system was distributed onto fewer, larger farms situated farther apart. To maintain realistic fish growth, seasonality and cohort development, lice population dynamics were simulated on top of historic production data from Norway. We simulated several scenarios, where an increasing number of farms were closed, and their biomass was redistributed to other farms with matching cohorts. The results indicate that fewer and larger farms reduce lice numbers and treatment frequency, and that a strategic removal of farms, based on their importance for connectivity in an oceanographic lice dispersal network, improves this effect. Some core mechanisms are highlighted that should be considered in regional production planning, and in the allocation of production concessions in salmonid farming.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: The influence of cage aquaculture on the benthic environment is a crucial concern for sustainable development. The impacts are affected by multiple environmental factors and aquaculture operations. Our main objective was to comprehensively analyze the interaction between Norwegian salmon aquaculture and the benthic environment, involving prolonged temporal observations and wide-ranging spatial assessments, achieved through reviewing government-regulated environmental assessment reports. A total of 3480 reports from 759 farms operating between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed. Our main finding was that the impact of Norwegian salmon cage aquaculture on the benthic environment varied significantly across the Northern, Central, and Southern regions (p < 0.001). This variability was significantly associated with factors such as water depth (p < 0.05), maximum allowable biomass density (p < 0.001), and length of the production cycle (p < 0.001), and was slightly correlated with current velocity (p = 0.067). Additionally, we observed that the most severe environmental degradation often occurred during the summer-autumn period under maximal annual feeding rates. Further, we traced 2922 reports to investigate the changes in the state of the benthic ecosystem over multiple production cycles. We found that the environmental impact of seafloor ecosystems was recoverable, with more effective recovery rates in the early stages of degradation compared to the later stages. We suggested that the optimal biomass levels, production cycle arrangement, and farming practices should differ depending on specific environmental factors. It is imperative to consider these factors for adapting farming operations and take early action when the benthic environment shows signs of degradation.
{"title":"Monitoring regional benthic environment of Norwegian salmon cage farms","authors":"Chun-Deng Wang, Yngvar Olsen","doi":"10.3354/aei00474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The influence of cage aquaculture on the benthic environment is a crucial concern for sustainable development. The impacts are affected by multiple environmental factors and aquaculture operations. Our main objective was to comprehensively analyze the interaction between Norwegian salmon aquaculture and the benthic environment, involving prolonged temporal observations and wide-ranging spatial assessments, achieved through reviewing government-regulated environmental assessment reports. A total of 3480 reports from 759 farms operating between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed. Our main finding was that the impact of Norwegian salmon cage aquaculture on the benthic environment varied significantly across the Northern, Central, and Southern regions (p < 0.001). This variability was significantly associated with factors such as water depth (p < 0.05), maximum allowable biomass density (p < 0.001), and length of the production cycle (p < 0.001), and was slightly correlated with current velocity (p = 0.067). Additionally, we observed that the most severe environmental degradation often occurred during the summer-autumn period under maximal annual feeding rates. Further, we traced 2922 reports to investigate the changes in the state of the benthic ecosystem over multiple production cycles. We found that the environmental impact of seafloor ecosystems was recoverable, with more effective recovery rates in the early stages of degradation compared to the later stages. We suggested that the optimal biomass levels, production cycle arrangement, and farming practices should differ depending on specific environmental factors. It is imperative to consider these factors for adapting farming operations and take early action when the benthic environment shows signs of degradation.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nekton use of co-occurring aquaculture and seagrass structure on tidal flats","authors":"FC Boardman, E. Subbotin, J. Ruesink","doi":"10.3354/aei00467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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