: Increased aquaculture production can improve food and nutrition security and economic growth in developing countries, but comes with environmental risks. In recent years, aquaculture has increased tremendously in Lake Kariba, which is located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. We calculated the carrying capacity of aquaculture production in Lake Kariba using the Beveridge P balance model with data for lake-wide total-P concentrations, river flows and data from aquaculture farms and feed producers in the Lake Kariba area. The maximum permissible P load for aquaculture farms in Lake Kariba is 1.2 × 10 6 kg P yr −1 . Average loss of P to the environment in Lake Kariba through farming is 13.92 kg P t −1 for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and 92.5 kg P t −1 for Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus . Consequently, sustainable aquaculture carrying capacity in Lake Kariba is 86900 t yr −1 for O. niloticus and 13000 t yr −1 for C. niloticus . We expect aquaculture production in Lake Kariba to account for 71% of the total allowable aquaculture P load by 2028. The total-P concentration is expected to increase to 28.5 mg m −3 by 2028 due to growth in aquaculture, and its development should be carefully monitored. In future, we recom-mend that our predictions should be compared to observed changes in order to validate the model. We also illustrate that companies can greatly improve the carrying capacity of a system by improving the feed conversion ratio, the efficiency of nutrient uptake and the processing of mortalities.
:水产养殖产量的增加可以改善发展中国家的粮食和营养安全和经济增长，但也带来了环境风险。近年来，位于赞比亚和津巴布韦边界的卡里巴湖的水产养殖大幅增加。采用贝弗里奇P平衡模型，结合全湖全磷浓度、河流流量和卡里巴湖区养殖场和饲料生产商的数据，计算了卡里巴湖水产养殖生产的承载能力。卡里巴湖养殖场最大允许磷负荷为1.2 × 10.6 kg P年−1。卡里巴湖通过养殖向环境中损失的磷平均为尼罗罗非鱼13.92 kg P t−1，尼罗鳄92.5 kg P t−1。因此，卡里巴湖的可持续水产养殖承载能力为尼罗僵菌86900 t yr - 1，尼罗僵菌13000 t yr - 1。我们预计，到2028年，卡里巴湖的水产养殖产量将占水产养殖总允许磷负荷的71%。由于水产养殖的增长，预计到2028年总磷浓度将增加到28.5 mg m−3，应密切监测其发展情况。在未来，我们建议将我们的预测与观察到的变化进行比较，以验证模型。我们还说明，公司可以通过提高饲料转化率、营养吸收效率和处理死亡率来大大提高系统的承载能力。
{"title":"Aquaculture carrying capacity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus in Lake Kariba, Zambia and Zimbabwe","authors":"K. te Velde, E. Peeters, M. Verdegem, J. Beijer","doi":"10.3354/aei00427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00427","url":null,"abstract":": Increased aquaculture production can improve food and nutrition security and economic growth in developing countries, but comes with environmental risks. In recent years, aquaculture has increased tremendously in Lake Kariba, which is located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. We calculated the carrying capacity of aquaculture production in Lake Kariba using the Beveridge P balance model with data for lake-wide total-P concentrations, river flows and data from aquaculture farms and feed producers in the Lake Kariba area. The maximum permissible P load for aquaculture farms in Lake Kariba is 1.2 × 10 6 kg P yr −1 . Average loss of P to the environment in Lake Kariba through farming is 13.92 kg P t −1 for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and 92.5 kg P t −1 for Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus . Consequently, sustainable aquaculture carrying capacity in Lake Kariba is 86900 t yr −1 for O. niloticus and 13000 t yr −1 for C. niloticus . We expect aquaculture production in Lake Kariba to account for 71% of the total allowable aquaculture P load by 2028. The total-P concentration is expected to increase to 28.5 mg m −3 by 2028 due to growth in aquaculture, and its development should be carefully monitored. In future, we recom-mend that our predictions should be compared to observed changes in order to validate the model. We also illustrate that companies can greatly improve the carrying capacity of a system by improving the feed conversion ratio, the efficiency of nutrient uptake and the processing of mortalities.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined models of fish growth, waste production, dispersal and deposition in spreadsheet format (XLDEPMOD) for predicting benthic enrichment from Atlantic salmon net-pen aquaculture","authors":"B. Hargrave, R. Filgueira, J. Grant, B. Law","doi":"10.3354/aei00445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognising trade-offs between welfare and environmental outcomes in aquaculture will enable good decisions","authors":"G. Macaulay, LT Barrett, T. Dempster","doi":"10.3354/aei00439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Zhao, H. Huang, Y. Zhu, M. Cao, L. Zhao, X. Hong, J. Chu
: As the largest aquaculture producer in the world, China is facing the challenge of maintaining sustainability while continuing to develop the aquaculture industry to meet socio-economic needs. Models of trophic structure and energy flow can be used to analyse ecological carrying capacity in order to determine whether a large and rapidly increasing aquaculture industry potentially puts sustainable development at risk. The Yellow River Estuary ecoregion in Shandong Province, China, is an ecologically important region, with extensive bivalve aquaculture that is increasing rapidly at an overall growth rate of 4% annually during recent decades. A trophic mass-balance model was used to analyse the ecological carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture in this ecoregion. The biomass of cultured bivalves is currently 13.3 t km −2 and could be increased to 62.0 t km −2 without exceeding the ecological carrying capacity. Zooplankton are a key factor limiting the ecological carrying capacity and represent a sensitive functional group within the food web system in this ecoregion. At the ecological carrying capacity of cultured bivalves in the Yellow River Estuary ecoregion, harvests would amount to 353.2 t km −2 yr −1 or a total of 4.2 million t yr −1 in this region. If the current average rate of growth in aquaculture in China is maintained, under cautious development, the biomass of cultured bivalves would reach half of the estimated ecological carrying capacity (31.0 t km −2 ) after 20 yr. This implies that there is capacity for sustainable development of bivalve aquaculture under current environmental conditions.
作为世界上最大的水产养殖生产国，中国在继续发展水产养殖业以满足社会经济需求的同时，面临着保持可持续性的挑战。营养结构和能量流模型可用于分析生态承载能力，以确定大型和快速增长的水产养殖业是否可能危及可持续发展。中国山东省黄河口生态区是一个重要的生态区域，近几十年来，该地区广泛开展双壳类水产养殖，并以每年4%的总体增长率快速增长。采用营养物质平衡模型对该生态区双壳类养殖的生态承载力进行了分析。目前养殖双壳类的生物量为13.3 t km−2，在不超过生态承载力的情况下可增加到62.0 t km−2。浮游动物是限制生态承载力的关键因素，是该生态区食物网系统中一个敏感的功能群。以黄河口生态区内养殖双壳类的生态承载力计算，该区域的养殖产量可达353.2 t km−2 yr−1，总产量为420万t t yr−1。如果保持目前中国水产养殖的平均增长速度，在谨慎发展的情况下，养殖双壳类的生物量将在20年后达到估计生态承载能力(31.0 t km−2)的一半，这意味着在目前的环境条件下，双壳类养殖具有可持续发展的能力。
{"title":"Analysing ecological carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture within the Yellow River Estuary ecoregion through mass-balance modelling","authors":"Q. Zhao, H. Huang, Y. Zhu, M. Cao, L. Zhao, X. Hong, J. Chu","doi":"10.3354/aei00430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00430","url":null,"abstract":": As the largest aquaculture producer in the world, China is facing the challenge of maintaining sustainability while continuing to develop the aquaculture industry to meet socio-economic needs. Models of trophic structure and energy flow can be used to analyse ecological carrying capacity in order to determine whether a large and rapidly increasing aquaculture industry potentially puts sustainable development at risk. The Yellow River Estuary ecoregion in Shandong Province, China, is an ecologically important region, with extensive bivalve aquaculture that is increasing rapidly at an overall growth rate of 4% annually during recent decades. A trophic mass-balance model was used to analyse the ecological carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture in this ecoregion. The biomass of cultured bivalves is currently 13.3 t km −2 and could be increased to 62.0 t km −2 without exceeding the ecological carrying capacity. Zooplankton are a key factor limiting the ecological carrying capacity and represent a sensitive functional group within the food web system in this ecoregion. At the ecological carrying capacity of cultured bivalves in the Yellow River Estuary ecoregion, harvests would amount to 353.2 t km −2 yr −1 or a total of 4.2 million t yr −1 in this region. If the current average rate of growth in aquaculture in China is maintained, under cautious development, the biomass of cultured bivalves would reach half of the estimated ecological carrying capacity (31.0 t km −2 ) after 20 yr. This implies that there is capacity for sustainable development of bivalve aquaculture under current environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis pose a major threat to the sustainable development of salmonid farming. To investigate effects of farm-origin salmon lice on wild salmonids, salmon lice dynamics are typically simulated using models that depend on experimentally determined rates of development, reproduction, mortality and infestation. Several recent studies provide new estimates of how these demographic rates depend on temperature and salinity. Here, we review and synthesize these studies and test if updating a salmon lice infestation model based on the new insights improves predictions of salmon lice infestations on salmon post-smolts in experimental cages in the sea. This model predicts spatiotemporal variation in infestation pressure based on weekly monitoring data of salmon lice and sea temperature in all salmonid fish farms in Norway, here supplemented by temperature and salinity data from a regional ocean model. Using data from 2012-2017 to select model formulation, we found the largest improvement in explanatory power by incorporating a salinity-dependent infestation rate. Updating functions for temperature-dependent egg production and infestation rates led to smaller improvements. Moreover, results suggest additional effects of temperature and a possible temperature-salinity interaction effect, not captured by the modelled processes. Out-of-sample predictions for experimental cage data from 2018-2020 confirmed that the uncertainty was realistically quantified, but also showed that associations of salmon lice infestations with salinity and temperature had changed. These results provide a field evaluation of experimental data and point to a knowledge gap regarding the combined effects of temperature and salinity on salmon lice infestations.
{"title":"A statistical mechanistic approach including temperature and salinity effects to improve salmon lice modelling of infestation pressure","authors":"L. Stige, K. Helgesen, H. Viljugrein, L. Qviller","doi":"10.3354/aei00410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00410","url":null,"abstract":"Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis pose a major threat to the sustainable development of salmonid farming. To investigate effects of farm-origin salmon lice on wild salmonids, salmon lice dynamics are typically simulated using models that depend on experimentally determined rates of development, reproduction, mortality and infestation. Several recent studies provide new estimates of how these demographic rates depend on temperature and salinity. Here, we review and synthesize these studies and test if updating a salmon lice infestation model based on the new insights improves predictions of salmon lice infestations on salmon post-smolts in experimental cages in the sea. This model predicts spatiotemporal variation in infestation pressure based on weekly monitoring data of salmon lice and sea temperature in all salmonid fish farms in Norway, here supplemented by temperature and salinity data from a regional ocean model. Using data from 2012-2017 to select model formulation, we found the largest improvement in explanatory power by incorporating a salinity-dependent infestation rate. Updating functions for temperature-dependent egg production and infestation rates led to smaller improvements. Moreover, results suggest additional effects of temperature and a possible temperature-salinity interaction effect, not captured by the modelled processes. Out-of-sample predictions for experimental cage data from 2018-2020 confirmed that the uncertainty was realistically quantified, but also showed that associations of salmon lice infestations with salinity and temperature had changed. These results provide a field evaluation of experimental data and point to a knowledge gap regarding the combined effects of temperature and salinity on salmon lice infestations.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69593333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O’Riain, Caroline S Armitage, T. Kutti, V. Husa, Skogen, T. Bekkby, M. Carvajalino‐Fernández, R. Bannister, C. White, K. M. Norderhaug, S. Fredriksen
Large-scale finfish farms are increasingly located in dispersive hard-bottom environments where Laminaria hyperborea forests dominate; however, the interactions between farm effluents and kelp forests are poorly understood. Effects of 2 levels of salmonid fish-farming effluents (high and low) on L. hyperborea epiphytic communities were studied by sampling canopy plants from 12 sites in 2 high-energy dispersive environments. Specifically, we assessed if farm effluents stimulated fast-growing epiphytic algae and faunal species on L. hyperborea stipes—as this can impact the kelp forest community composition—and/or an increased lamina epiphytic growth, which could negatively impact the kelp itself. We found that bryozoan biomass on the stipes was significantly higher at high-effluent farm sites compared to low-effluent farm and reference sites, resulting in a significantly different epiphytic community. Macroalgal biomass also increased with increasing effluent levels, including opportunistic Ectocarpus spp., resulting in a less heterogeneous macroalgae community at high-effluent farm sites. This habitat heterogeneity was further reduced by the high bryozoan biomass at the high-effluent sites. Such changes in the epiphyte community could have implications for the faunal community that relies on the epiphytes for food and refuge. On the kelp lamina, no clear response to farm effluents was found.
{"title":"Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea","authors":"M. O’Riain, Caroline S Armitage, T. Kutti, V. Husa, Skogen, T. Bekkby, M. Carvajalino‐Fernández, R. Bannister, C. White, K. M. Norderhaug, S. Fredriksen","doi":"10.3354/AEI00392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AEI00392","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale finfish farms are increasingly located in dispersive hard-bottom environments where Laminaria hyperborea forests dominate; however, the interactions between farm effluents and kelp forests are poorly understood. Effects of 2 levels of salmonid fish-farming effluents (high and low) on L. hyperborea epiphytic communities were studied by sampling canopy plants from 12 sites in 2 high-energy dispersive environments. Specifically, we assessed if farm effluents stimulated fast-growing epiphytic algae and faunal species on L. hyperborea stipes—as this can impact the kelp forest community composition—and/or an increased lamina epiphytic growth, which could negatively impact the kelp itself. We found that bryozoan biomass on the stipes was significantly higher at high-effluent farm sites compared to low-effluent farm and reference sites, resulting in a significantly different epiphytic community. Macroalgal biomass also increased with increasing effluent levels, including opportunistic Ectocarpus spp., resulting in a less heterogeneous macroalgae community at high-effluent farm sites. This habitat heterogeneity was further reduced by the high bryozoan biomass at the high-effluent sites. Such changes in the epiphyte community could have implications for the faunal community that relies on the epiphytes for food and refuge. On the kelp lamina, no clear response to farm effluents was found.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farmed fish released in a native environment can display different spawning behaviour compared to their wild conspecifics. In our study, farmed and wild burbot, a species recently introduced for aquacultural production, were equipped with electromyogram (EMG) radio tags. EMG biotelemetry allows a description of the spatial distribution of fish together with simultaneous measurements of individual energy consumption. Farmed burbot were released into the wild to simulate stocking or hatchery escape and were observed over a nocturnal phase during November to January. The observational period was assumed to cover the whole spawning season, including an expected peak of spawning activity determined according to egg production by naturally spawning burbot in an experimental seminatural river channel. We detected increased energy consumption and lower movement activity at the time of expected peak spawning for wild burbot only. Across the whole spawning season, farmed females showed lower movement activity and energy consumption than wild females, whereas the opposite results were found for farmed males. Farmed and wild fish kept larger distances between each other than the individuals within a group (farmed and wild) across the whole spawning season. The closest positions occurred between males and females in the wild group, while for farmed fish, the closest position was found within the same sex. Sexually conditioned energy consumption and spatial distribution differed between wild and farmed fish.
{"title":"Wild and farmed burbot Lota lota: differences in energy consumption and behavior during the spawning season","authors":"O. Slavík, P. Horký","doi":"10.3354/meps00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps00389","url":null,"abstract":"Farmed fish released in a native environment can display different spawning behaviour compared to their wild conspecifics. In our study, farmed and wild burbot, a species recently introduced for aquacultural production, were equipped with electromyogram (EMG) radio tags. EMG biotelemetry allows a description of the spatial distribution of fish together with simultaneous measurements of individual energy consumption. Farmed burbot were released into the wild to simulate stocking or hatchery escape and were observed over a nocturnal phase during November to January. The observational period was assumed to cover the whole spawning season, including an expected peak of spawning activity determined according to egg production by naturally spawning burbot in an experimental seminatural river channel. We detected increased energy consumption and lower movement activity at the time of expected peak spawning for wild burbot only. Across the whole spawning season, farmed females showed lower movement activity and energy consumption than wild females, whereas the opposite results were found for farmed males. Farmed and wild fish kept larger distances between each other than the individuals within a group (farmed and wild) across the whole spawning season. The closest positions occurred between males and females in the wild group, while for farmed fish, the closest position was found within the same sex. Sexually conditioned energy consumption and spatial distribution differed between wild and farmed fish.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gray, Nicole Barbour, B. Campbell, Alexander J. Robillard, Alana Todd-Rodriguez, Huanhuan Xiao, L. Plough
Ecolabels are increasingly being used to notify consumers that the labeled product imposes minimal harm to the environment or other natural resources. A growing number of studies have signaled that consumers respond to these labels, which can promote environmentally friendly production of consumable goods and incentivize growers to produce sustainably sourced goods. Shellfish are noticeably absent among these labeled products, but they are arguably the most sustainable source of animal protein. Additionally, while in the water, oysters and other shellfish provide numerous ecosystem services that improve environmental quality. We argue that shellfish aquaculture is uniquely positioned to take advantage of ecolabeling to improve public perception and steer consumers towards a highly sustainable source of animal protein. However, we also argue more research is needed to better understand how ecosystem services vary among different production modes of oyster aquaculture to ensure products are correctly labeled and inspire consumer confidence.
{"title":"Ecolabels can improve public perception and farm profits for shellfish aquaculture","authors":"M. Gray, Nicole Barbour, B. Campbell, Alexander J. Robillard, Alana Todd-Rodriguez, Huanhuan Xiao, L. Plough","doi":"10.3354/meps00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps00388","url":null,"abstract":"Ecolabels are increasingly being used to notify consumers that the labeled product imposes minimal harm to the environment or other natural resources. A growing number of studies have signaled that consumers respond to these labels, which can promote environmentally friendly production of consumable goods and incentivize growers to produce sustainably sourced goods. Shellfish are noticeably absent among these labeled products, but they are arguably the most sustainable source of animal protein. Additionally, while in the water, oysters and other shellfish provide numerous ecosystem services that improve environmental quality. We argue that shellfish aquaculture is uniquely positioned to take advantage of ecolabeling to improve public perception and steer consumers towards a highly sustainable source of animal protein. However, we also argue more research is needed to better understand how ecosystem services vary among different production modes of oyster aquaculture to ensure products are correctly labeled and inspire consumer confidence.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45884184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TJ Kragesteen, Knud Simonsen, A. Visser, KH Andersen
Managing salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis outbreaks is a crucial part of salmon aquaculture in sea cages. Treatment management strategies can be optimized with the aid of salmon-louse population dynamic models. These models, however, need to be calibrated and validated with biologically meaningful parameters. Here, based on a time-series of lice data, we estimated 2 essential model parameters: the external infection pressure and the salmon-louse population growth rate for each active salmon farm site in the period 2011 to 2018 in the Faroe Islands. External infection pressure was found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 0.002 to 0.1 lice salmon-1 d-1. Further, external infection was significantly correlated with the total number of gravid lice in the Faroese farm network. Salmon-louse population growth rates were found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 1.7 to 5.4% d-1. These model parameter estimates are crucial in developing a salmon-louse population dynamic model for the Faroe Islands, and the method to estimate these parameters may be applicable in other aquaculture regions.
{"title":"Estimation of external infection pressure and salmon-louse population growth rate in Faroese salmon farms","authors":"TJ Kragesteen, Knud Simonsen, A. Visser, KH Andersen","doi":"10.3354/aei00386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00386","url":null,"abstract":"Managing salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis outbreaks is a crucial part of salmon aquaculture in sea cages. Treatment management strategies can be optimized with the aid of salmon-louse population dynamic models. These models, however, need to be calibrated and validated with biologically meaningful parameters. Here, based on a time-series of lice data, we estimated 2 essential model parameters: the external infection pressure and the salmon-louse population growth rate for each active salmon farm site in the period 2011 to 2018 in the Faroe Islands. External infection pressure was found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 0.002 to 0.1 lice salmon-1 d-1. Further, external infection was significantly correlated with the total number of gravid lice in the Faroese farm network. Salmon-louse population growth rates were found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 1.7 to 5.4% d-1. These model parameter estimates are crucial in developing a salmon-louse population dynamic model for the Faroe Islands, and the method to estimate these parameters may be applicable in other aquaculture regions.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41798650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Arnull, A. Wilson, K. Brayne, K. Dexter, AG Donah, C. Gough, T. Klückow, B. Ngwenya, A. Tudhope
Sea cucumber aquaculture is increasing in extent and importance throughout the Indo-Pacific region, supplying a luxury seafood market in Asia. In this context, the grow-out of hatchery-bred juveniles in community-farmed pens is proving to be a viable model, providing increased income security and alternative livelihood options to resource-limited communities. Here, we report a study of the impacts of such sea cucumber farming on the growth of seagrass (a favourable habitat for the animals) at a village-scale aquaculture site in southwest Madagascar. Using experiments, we found that the presence of the hatchery-bred sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (sandfish), at stocking densities of 300 g m-2 (similar to the density used in the farmed pens, but relatively high for natural populations), resulted in a large (~30%), statistically significant increase in the leaf extension rate of the locally dominant seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii. However, the other dominant seagrass species, Cymodocea serrulata, did not significantly change its leaf extension rate in the presence of H. scabra. Since seagrass is a globally important coastal habitat, supporting high biodiversity, carbon sequestration, shoreline stability and nursery grounds for commercial and small-scale fisheries, the positive effect of H. scabra farming on the growth rate of at least one dominant seagrass species implies potential important ecological co-benefits. These co-benefits of H. scabra farming are likely to be relevant across the tropical Indo-Pacific coastlines, where this species is cultured.
海参养殖在整个印度太平洋地区的范围和重要性都在增加，为亚洲提供了一个豪华海鲜市场。在这种情况下，在社区养殖的围栏中培育孵化场繁殖的幼鱼被证明是一种可行的模式，为资源有限的社区提供了更高的收入保障和替代生计选择。在这里，我们报告了一项研究，研究了在马达加斯加西南部的一个村庄规模的水产养殖场，这种海参养殖对海草(动物的有利栖息地)生长的影响。通过实验，我们发现，在放养密度为300 g m-2(与养殖栏的密度相似，但对自然种群来说相对较高)的情况下，孵育海参(Holothuria scabra)的存在导致当地优势海草种Thalassia hemprichii的叶片延伸率大幅增加(约30%)，具有统计学显著性。而其他优势海草种Cymodocea serrulata在剑鞘菌存在时，其叶片伸展率没有显著变化。由于海草是全球重要的沿海栖息地，支持高生物多样性、碳固存、海岸线稳定性和商业和小规模渔业的育苗地，因此，对至少一种优势海草物种的生长速度的积极影响意味着潜在的重要生态协同效益。在整个热带印度洋-太平洋海岸线上，这种鱼的养殖可能会带来这些共同的好处。
{"title":"Ecological co-benefits from sea cucumber farming: Holothuria scabra increases growth rate of seagrass","authors":"J. Arnull, A. Wilson, K. Brayne, K. Dexter, AG Donah, C. Gough, T. Klückow, B. Ngwenya, A. Tudhope","doi":"10.3354/AEI00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AEI00409","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumber aquaculture is increasing in extent and importance throughout the Indo-Pacific region, supplying a luxury seafood market in Asia. In this context, the grow-out of hatchery-bred juveniles in community-farmed pens is proving to be a viable model, providing increased income security and alternative livelihood options to resource-limited communities. Here, we report a study of the impacts of such sea cucumber farming on the growth of seagrass (a favourable habitat for the animals) at a village-scale aquaculture site in southwest Madagascar. Using experiments, we found that the presence of the hatchery-bred sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (sandfish), at stocking densities of 300 g m-2 (similar to the density used in the farmed pens, but relatively high for natural populations), resulted in a large (~30%), statistically significant increase in the leaf extension rate of the locally dominant seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii. However, the other dominant seagrass species, Cymodocea serrulata, did not significantly change its leaf extension rate in the presence of H. scabra. Since seagrass is a globally important coastal habitat, supporting high biodiversity, carbon sequestration, shoreline stability and nursery grounds for commercial and small-scale fisheries, the positive effect of H. scabra farming on the growth rate of at least one dominant seagrass species implies potential important ecological co-benefits. These co-benefits of H. scabra farming are likely to be relevant across the tropical Indo-Pacific coastlines, where this species is cultured.","PeriodicalId":8376,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Environment Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69593654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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