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Preliminary Study on the Role of Mangroves in Entrapping Microplastics in Tuticorin Coast of Gulf of Mannar, Southeast Coast of India 印度东南海岸马纳尔湾Tuticorin海岸红树林对微塑料截留作用的初步研究
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01007-z
S. Shelciya, V. Glen Esmeralda, Jamila Patterson

Mangroves constitute a unique and important type of coastal wetlands in tropical and subtropical zones worldwide. The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the mangrove sediments is poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the role of mangrove root systems in effectively entrapping MPs in the mangrove areas of Tuticorin and Punnakayal Estuary. It investigated the abundance, characteristics, and weathering patterns of MPs in different mangrove sediments. Sediment samples were collected from ten mangrove sites and two control sites without mangroves. Microplastics were extracted from mangrove sediments by density separation method, and then counted and categorized according to their shape, size, and colour. Microplastics were identified in all ten sampling sites. Punnakayal Estuary has a greater MPs concentration (27 ± 2.65 items/kg dw) than Tuticorin (9.33 ± 2.52 items/kg dw). Also, microplastic concentrations are higher in the mangrove sites than in the control sites. Most MPs are fibres with size ranges of 1–2 mm and 2–3 mm dominating. Blue and transparent are the predominant colours. Four polymers were identified, namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethyl methaacrylate (PMMA), and polyurethane (PUR). The degree of weathering was confirmed by carbonyl index and the values vary between 0.28 and 1.25 for PE and 0.6 and 1.05 for PP.

红树林是世界热带和亚热带地区一种独特而重要的沿海湿地。人们对红树林沉积物中微塑料的丰度知之甚少。本研究旨在量化红树林根系在Tuticorin和Punnakayal河口红树林区有效诱捕MPs中的作用。研究了不同红树林沉积物中MPs的丰度、特征和风化模式。从十个红树林地点和两个没有红树林的对照地点采集了沉积物样本。采用密度分离法从红树林沉积物中提取微塑料,然后根据其形状、大小和颜色进行计数和分类。在所有十个采样点都发现了微塑料。Punnakayal河口的MP浓度更高(27 ± 2.65个项目/kg dw)比Tuticorin(9.33 ± 2.52个项目/kg dw)。此外,红树林地区的微塑料浓度高于对照地区。大多数MP是尺寸范围为1–2 mm和2–3 mm的纤维。蓝色和透明是主要的颜色。鉴定出四种聚合物,即聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚氨酯(PUR)。羰基指数证实了风化程度,PE的值在0.28和1.25之间,PP的值在0.6和1.05之间。
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引用次数: 0
Mercury Contamination of an Introduced Generalist Fish of Intermediate Trophic Level 一种中等营养水平普通鱼类的汞污染
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01004-2
D. P. Gedig, M. Hauger, D. A. Armstrong, K. M. Jeffries

Mercury contamination is a global issue because mercury concentrations in aquatic systems are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic pathways. Here, liver and muscle total mercury (THg) concentrations in black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus from three boreal lakes in southeastern Manitoba, Canada, were related to age, morphology and physiological traits to better understand the dynamics of mercury accumulation in an introduced generalist fish species. These THg concentrations were then compared to black crappie mercury concentrations in other Canadian water bodies and to mercury concentrations in other freshwater fishes in southeastern Manitoba. Age and size had strong positive correlations (P < 0.001, r ≥ 0.60) with muscle mercury concentrations. No evidence of acute point source contamination or physiological impairment in black crappie was found in the study area. Analysis of liver THg revealed the possible impacts of seasonal and ontogenetic differences in diet on exposure. Furthermore, THg analysis of liver and muscle tissue showed how generalist foraging may curb the progressively greater mercury exposure and resultant physiological consequences expected from ontogenetic diet shifts in black crappie. Although there appeared to be temporally varied levels of mercury exposure (i.e., liver THg) by sex, there was no sex effect observed in long-term mercury accumulation in the muscle. Black crappie bioaccumulated less mercury at age than primary piscivore species in the region. These results will help foster a better understanding of mercury biomagnification within a region impacted by legacy mercury.

汞污染是一个全球性问题,因为水生系统中的汞浓度受到自然和人为途径的影响。在这里,来自加拿大马尼托巴省东南部三个北方湖泊的黑腹鱼的肝脏和肌肉总汞(THg)浓度与年龄、形态和生理特征有关,以更好地了解引进的多面手鱼类物种中汞积累的动态。然后将这些THg浓度与加拿大其他水体中的黑鲷汞浓度以及马尼托巴省东南部其他淡水鱼类中的汞浓度进行比较。年龄与体型呈正相关(P <; 0.001,r ≥ 0.60)与肌肉汞浓度的关系。研究区域内未发现黑紫薇存在急性点源污染或生理损伤的证据。对肝脏THg的分析揭示了饮食中季节性和个体遗传差异对暴露的可能影响。此外,对肝脏和肌肉组织的THg分析表明,广泛的觅食可以抑制黑斑蝥个体遗传饮食变化带来的汞暴露量的增加以及由此产生的生理后果。尽管汞暴露水平(即肝脏THg)似乎因性别而随时间变化,但在肌肉中长期积累汞时没有观察到性别影响。与该地区的主要食豆物种相比,黑紫蝶在年龄上的生物累积汞更少。这些结果将有助于更好地了解受遗留汞影响区域内的汞生物放大作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of a Conventional Chemical Coagulant and a Natural Coagulant Derived from Cassia fistula Seeds for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions 用于去除重金属离子的常规化学混凝剂和来源于决明子瘘管种子的天然混凝剂的比较。
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01005-1
Vo-Chau-Ngan Nguyen, Hoang-Vinh-Truong Phan, Van-Kieu Nguyen, Duc-Thuong Vo, Thanh-Nha Tran, Minh-Trung Dao, Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang Hoang

Cassia fistula seed-derived coagulant has been reported to exhibit high coagulating–flocculating activity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness for the wastewater treatment, especially of textile wastewater. For heavy metal removal, however, research focusing on evaluating the feasibility of this material is still limited. Therefore, this study reports jar-test experiments in which the Zn2+ and Ni2+ removal efficiency of C. fistula coagulant was assessed. Moreover, a comparison of coagulation performance using a conventional chemical coagulant and the natural coagulant was performed. Characterization of the C. fistula seed-derived coagulant revealed the presence of important functional groups and fibrous networks with rough surfaces. A bench-scale study indicated that the coagulation performance of the two coagulants depends strongly on the initial concentration of metal ions, pH level, and coagulant dosage. The C. fistula seed-derived coagulant was found to possess higher removal efficiency than polyaluminum chloride. This natural coagulant removed over 80% of metal ions at the optimal conditions of pH 5.0, a metal ion concentration of 25 ppm, and a dosage of 0.8 and 1.6 g/L for Zn2+ and Ni2+, respectively. This study shows that C. fistula seed-derived coagulant is a potential alternative to chemical coagulants and could be developed to provide an environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient wastewater treatment.

决明子籽源混凝剂在废水处理中,特别是纺织废水处理中具有较高的混凝絮凝活性、环境友好性和成本效益。然而,对于重金属去除,专注于评估这种材料可行性的研究仍然有限。因此,本研究报告了罐式试验,其中评估了瘘管梭菌混凝剂对Zn2+和Ni2+的去除效率。此外,对使用传统化学混凝剂和天然混凝剂的混凝性能进行了比较。瘘管梭菌种子衍生的混凝剂的表征显示存在重要的官能团和具有粗糙表面的纤维网络。实验室研究表明,两种混凝剂的混凝性能在很大程度上取决于金属离子的初始浓度、pH值和混凝剂用量。瘘管菌种子来源的混凝剂比聚合氯化铝具有更高的去除效率。在pH 5.0、金属离子浓度为25ppm、Zn2+和Ni2+的剂量分别为0.8和1.6g/L的最佳条件下,这种天然混凝剂去除了80%以上的金属离子。这项研究表明,瘘管菌种子衍生的混凝剂是化学混凝剂的潜在替代品,可以开发出一种环保、经济、高效的废水处理方法。
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引用次数: 1
Radiological Hazard Assessment of High-Level Natural Radionuclides in Surface Sediments Along Red River, Vietnam 越南红河沿岸表层沉积物中高水平天然放射性核素的辐射危险性评估。
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01003-3
Van-Hao Duong, Duc-Thang Duong, Loat Van Bui, Thanh Tien Kim, Hue Minh Bui, Trong Dinh Tran, Trinh Trong Phan, Thanh-Duong Nguyen

The Red River is one of the largest rivers that plays an important role in the economic development of North Vietnam. There are many radionuclides bearing rare earth, uranium ore mines, mining industrial zones and magma intrusive formations along this river. The contamination and accumulation of radionuclides could exist at high concentration in surface sediments of this river. Thus, the present investigation aims to study the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th (228Ra), 40K, and 137Cs in Red River surface sediments. Thirty sediment samples were collected, and their activity concentration was calculated using high-purity germanium gamma-ray detector. The observed results ranged from 51.0 ± 2.1 to 73.6 ± 3.7 for 226Ra, 71.4 ± 3.6 to 103 ± 5.2 for 232Th, 507 ± 24.0 to 846 ± 42.3 for 40K, and ND (not detected) to 1.33 ± 0.06 Bq/kg for 137Cs, respectively. In general, the natural radionuclides concentration of 226Ra, 232Th (228Ra), and 40K is higher than the average world average values. This indicated that the natural radionuclides could contribute from similar and principal sources surrounding the upstream of Lao Cai where distributed uranium ore mines, radionuclide bearing rare earth mines, mining industrial zones and intrusive formations. Regarding the radiological hazard assessment, results of the indices computed such as absorbed gamma dose rate (D), the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) were nearly two times higher than world average values.

红河是在北越经济发展中发挥重要作用的最大河流之一。这条河沿岸有许多含有稀土、铀矿、采矿工业区和岩浆侵入层的放射性核素。放射性核素的污染和积累可能以高浓度存在于该河的表层沉积物中。因此,本研究旨在研究红河表层沉积物中226Ra、232Th(228Ra)、40K和137Cs的活性浓度。收集了30个沉积物样品,并使用高纯度锗伽马射线探测器计算了它们的活性浓度。观察到的结果范围为51.0 ± 2.1至73.6 ± 226Ra为3.7,71.4 ± 3.6至103 ± 5.2对于232Th,507 ± 24.0至846 ± 40K为42.3,ND(未检测)为1.33 ± 137Cs分别为0.06Bq/kg。一般来说,226Ra、232Th(228Ra)和40K的天然放射性核素浓度高于世界平均值。这表明天然放射性核素可能来自老蔡上游附近的类似和主要来源,那里分布着铀矿、含放射性核素的稀土矿、采矿工业区和侵入地层。关于放射性危害评估,计算的指标结果,如吸收γ剂量率(D)、癌症超额寿命风险(ELCR)和年度有效剂量当量(AEDE),几乎是世界平均值的两倍。
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引用次数: 0
Lethal and Sub-lethal Implications of Sodium Chloride Exposure for Adult Unionid Mussel Species: Eurynia dilatata and Lasmigona costata 氯化钠暴露对成年Unionid Mussel物种的致死和亚致死影响:膨胀Eurynia experipta和Lasmigona costaa
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01006-0
Erika A. Burton, Brian Atkinson, Joseph Salerno, Hufsa N. Khan, Ryan S. Prosser, Patricia L. Gillis

The elevated use of salt as a de-icing agent on roads in Canada is causing an increase in the chloride concentration of freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater Unionid mussels are a group of organisms that are sensitive to increases in chloride levels. Unionids have greater diversity in North America than anywhere else on Earth, but they are also one of the most imperiled groups of organisms. This underscores the importance of understanding the effect that increasing salt exposure has on these threatened species. There are more data on the acute toxicity of chloride to Unionids than on chronic toxicity. This study investigated the effect of chronic sodium chloride exposure on the survival and filtering activity of two Unionid species (Eurynia dilatata, and Lasmigona costata) and assessed the effect on the metabolome in L. costata hemolymph. The concentration causing mortality after 28 days of exposure was similar for E. dilatata (1893 mg Cl/L) and L. costata (1903 mg Cl/L). Significant changes in the metabolome of the L. costata hemolymph were observed for mussels exposed to non-lethal concentrations. For example, several phosphatidylethanolamines, several hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, pyropheophorbide-a, and alpha-linolenic acid were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph of mussels exposed to 1000 mg Cl/L for 28 days. While no mortality occurred in the treatment, elevated metabolites in the hemolymph are an indicator of stress.

加拿大道路上越来越多地使用盐作为除冰剂,导致淡水生态系统的氯化物浓度增加。淡水Unionid贻贝是一组对氯化物含量增加敏感的生物。Unionids在北美的多样性比地球上其他任何地方都大,但它们也是最危险的生物群之一。这强调了了解盐暴露量增加对这些受威胁物种的影响的重要性。关于氯化物对Unionids的急性毒性的数据比关于慢性毒性的数据更多。本研究研究了慢性氯化钠暴露对两种Unionid物种(剪叶Eurynia experimata和肋肋肋肋蠊Lasmigona costata)生存和过滤活性的影响,并评估了对肋肋肋球虫血淋巴代谢组的影响。暴露28天后导致死亡的浓度与剪叶E.sberipta(1893 mg Cl−/L)和肋肋藻(1903 mg Cl−/L.)相似。在暴露于非致死浓度的贻贝中,观察到肋乳杆菌血淋巴的代谢组发生了显著变化。例如,在暴露于1000 mg Cl−/L 28天的贻贝的血淋巴中,几种磷脂酰乙醇胺、几种羟基二十碳四烯酸、焦脱镁酸-a和α-亚麻酸显著上调。虽然在治疗中没有发生死亡,但血淋巴中代谢产物的升高是压力的一个指标。
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引用次数: 0
CORAL: Model of Ecological Impact of Heavy Metals on Soils via the Study of Modification of Concentration of Biomolecules in Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) CORAL:通过改变蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)中生物分子浓度研究重金属对土壤生态影响的模型
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01001-5
Alla P. Toropova, Andrey A. Toropov, Alessandra Roncaglioni, Emilio Benfenati, Danuta Leszczynska, Jerzy Leszczynski

The traditional application for quantitative structure–property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) in the fields of thermodynamics, toxicology or drug design is predicting the impact of molecular features using data on the measurable characteristics of substances. However, it is often necessary to evaluate the influence of various exposure conditions and environmental factors, besides the molecular structure. Different enzyme-driven processes lead to the accumulation of metal ions by the worms. Heavy metals are sequestered in these organisms without being released back into the soil. In this study, we propose a novel approach for modeling the absorption of heavy metals, such as mercury and cobalt by worms. The models are based on optimal descriptors calculated for the so-called quasi-SMILES, which incorporate strings of codes reflecting experimental conditions. We modeled the impact on the levels of proteins, hydrocarbons, and lipids in an earthworm's body caused by different combinations of concentrations of heavy metals and exposure time observed over two months of exposure with a measurement interval of 15 days.

定量结构-性质/活性关系(QSPRs/QSAR)在热力学、毒理学或药物设计领域的传统应用是使用物质可测量特征的数据来预测分子特征的影响。然而,除了分子结构之外,通常还需要评估各种暴露条件和环境因素的影响。不同的酶驱动过程导致蠕虫积累金属离子。重金属被隔离在这些生物中,而不会被释放回土壤中。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种新的方法来模拟蠕虫对汞和钴等重金属的吸收。这些模型基于为所谓的准SMILES计算的最优描述符,该描述符包含反映实验条件的代码串。我们模拟了重金属浓度和暴露时间的不同组合对蚯蚓体内蛋白质、碳氢化合物和脂质水平的影响,暴露时间为两个月,测量间隔为15天。
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引用次数: 0
Identify Primary Air Pollution Sources of BTEX by Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF): A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 利用正矩阵分解法(PMF)识别BTEX的主要空气污染源:以越南胡志明市为例。
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01002-4
Van Sang Nguyen, Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu, Thoai Tam Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen Huynh, Quoc Bang Ho

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is one of the main socioeconomic and financial centers of Vietnam. The city also faces serious air pollution. However, the city polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has rarely been studied. We used positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze BTEX concentrations measured at two sampling locations to identify the main sources of BTEX in HCMC. The locations represented residential area (i.e., To Hien Thanh) and industrial area (i.e., Tan Binh Industrial Park). At the To Hien Thanh location, the average concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene were 6.9, 14.4, 4.9, and 12.7 µg/m3, respectively. At the Tan Binh location, the average concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene were 9.8, 22.6, 2.4, and 9.2 µg/m3, respectively. The results showed that PMF was a reliable model for source apportionment in HCMC. Traffic activities were the main sources of BTEX. Besides, industrial activities also contributed to BTEX emissions, especially the location near the industrial park. The majority of BTEXs at the To Hien Thanh sampling site come from traffic sources accounting for 56.2%. Activities from traffic and photochemical reactions (42.7%) and industrial sources (40.5%) were the main sources affecting BTEX emissions at the sampling site of Tan Binh Industrial Park. This study can be used as a reference for mitigation solutions to reduce the BTEX emission in HCMC.

胡志明市是越南主要的社会经济和金融中心之一。该市还面临严重的空气污染。然而,被苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)污染的城市很少被研究。我们使用正矩阵因子分解(PMF)来分析在两个采样点测量的BTEX浓度,以确定HCMC中BTEX的主要来源。这些地点代表了住宅区(即To Hien Thanh)和工业区(即Tan Binh工业园区)。在To Hien Thanh地点,苯、乙苯、甲苯和二甲苯的平均浓度分别为6.9、14.4、4.9和12.7µg/m3。在Tan Binh地点,苯、乙苯、甲苯和二甲苯的平均浓度分别为9.8、22.6、2.4和9.2µg/m3。结果表明,PMF是一个可靠的HCMC源解析模型。交通活动是BTEX的主要来源。此外,工业活动也导致了BTEX的排放,尤其是在工业园区附近。To Hien Thanh采样点的大多数BTEX来自交通源,占56.2%。交通和光化学反应活动(42.7%)和工业源(40.5%)是影响Tan Binh工业园区采样点BTEX排放的主要来源。本研究可作为减少HCMC中BTEX排放的缓解方案的参考。
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引用次数: 0
The Spatial Distribution and Potential Risk Assessment of POPs in Farmland around a Typical E-Waste Dismantling Site 典型电子垃圾拆解场周边农田中持久性有机污染物的空间分布及潜在风险评估
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01000-6
Yi Zhang, Hao Zhang, Kang Yan, Qi You, Saiqi Zeng, Yuheng Wu, Futao Chen, Jian Chen, Jianming Xu, Haizhen Wang

Pollution from electronic-waste (E-waste) dismantling is of great concern. This study investigated the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 253 cropland soil samples around an abandoned E-waste dismantling site in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province in China, using an analytical method which simultaneously extracted, purified and determined the identity and quantity of the three types of persistent organic pollutants. Meanwhile, their spatial distributions, pollution characteristics, and risk assessments were further analyzed. Total PCBs in the test soils ranged from below method detection limits (ND) to 2985.25 μg kg−1 on a dry weight basis (d.w.), and the spatial distribution indicated a “hot spot” of PCBs pollution in the study area. The PAHs were detected in all samples with total concentrations ranging from 4.99 to 2723.06 μg kg−1 d.w. The distribution of PBDEs showed the pollution characteristics of “family-run workshops”, with a total content range of ND ~ 899.34 μg kg−1 d.w., of which BDE209 was typically the dominant congener, accounting for 74.05% of the total PBDEs content in the test soils, with the highest content reaching 857.72 μg kg−1 d.w. Results showed that the ecological and lifetime carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PAHs were low in the study area, but the health risk caused by oral ingestion and dermal contact accounted for the highest proportion of the total exposure risks, while inhalation could be ignored. PBDEs in soils of the study area were a potential chronic non-carcinogenic risk, particularly for children. Therefore, in order to protect human health and environment, it is necessary to regulate the management of E-waste dismantling sites and pollution control.

电子垃圾拆解造成的污染备受关注。本研究采用分析方法,对浙江省台州市废弃电子垃圾拆解场周围253个农田土壤样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的浓度进行了调查,对三种类型的持久性有机污染物进行了分离纯化,并测定了它们的性质和数量。同时,进一步分析了其空间分布、污染特征和风险评估。试验土壤中的多氯联苯总量从低于方法检测限(ND)到2985.25μg kg−1(干重)不等,空间分布表明研究区域是多氯联苯污染的“热点”。在所有样本中检测到PAHs,总浓度范围为4.99至2723.06μg kg−1 d.w.多溴二苯醚的分布显示出“家庭作坊”的污染特征,总含量范围为ND ~ 899.34μg kg−1 d.w.,其中BDE209是典型的主要同源物,占试验土壤中多溴二苯醚总含量的74.05%,最高含量达到857.72μg kg–1 d.w..结果表明,研究区多氯联苯和多环芳烃的生态和终身致癌风险较低,但口腔摄入和皮肤接触引起的健康风险在总暴露风险中所占比例最高,而吸入可忽略不计。研究区域土壤中的多溴二苯醚是一种潜在的慢性非致癌风险,尤其是对儿童而言。因此,为了保护人类健康和环境,有必要规范电子垃圾拆解场的管理和污染控制。
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引用次数: 0
Metal Contamination and Biomarkers in Cerastoderma glaucum: A Multi-level Approach 多层次方法研究灰白色Cerastoderma glaucum的金属污染及其生物标志物
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00999-y
Sahar Karray, Justine Marchand, Alain Geffard, Tarek Rebai, Françoise Denis, Benoît Chénais, Amel Hamza-Chaffai

In this study, we focused on evaluating the responses of the cockle, Cerastoderma glaucum to in situ exposures to metals at three sites in the Gulf of Gabes in the coastal zone of Tunisia differing in levels of metal contamination. Firstly, we examined the general physiological state of the organisms. Secondly, we evaluated the bioaccumulation of several metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) in the cockles. Thirdly, we focused on evaluating histologically changes in gametogenesis and sexual maturity of the organisms. Finally, we determined the expression of seven key genes encoding enzymes or proteins involved in responses to different types of environmental stressors. Results showed a decrease in the general physiological status of the cockles, including a reduced condition index, sex ratios skewed to females (70% and 80% females in the intermediate and the contaminated site, respectively) and greater mortalities in tests under anoxic conditions (i.e., stress on stress test) in cockles collected from the most contaminated site (LT50 = 2.88 days) compared to the cockles from the intermediate site (LT50 = 5 days) and the less contaminated site (LT50 = 6 days). Results for metal bioaccumulation showed that the levels of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in cockles were consistent with the contaminant gradient, with the highest levels in cockles from the most contaminated site (1.04; 4.92; 52.76 and 13.81 µg/g dw, respectively), followed by those from the intermediate site (0.34; 2.94; 36.94; 17.40 µg/g dw, respectively) and then the less contaminated site (0.065; 1.27; 21.62 and 5.40 µg/g dw, respectively). Results from the gametogenesis and maturity index showed few differences in the reproductive cycle of cockles collected from the three study sites. There were different patterns of gene expression that were divided into three groups in terms of responses: (1) expression of genes involved in metal detoxification, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) and metallothionein MT) and genes for superoxide dismutases (i.e., Mn SOD and CuZn SOD), which did not show any difference in their levels of expression; (2) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression, which decreased in cockles according to the pollution gradient, and (3) expression of catalase (CAT) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes was threefold and 1000-fold higher in cockles from intermediate and most contaminated sites compared to the less contaminated site. Therefore, changes in overall physiological condition, sex ratios and expression of HSP70, CAT and COI genes may be appropriate biomarkers for in situ studies of the impacts of metals in cockles. However, these biomarkers should be coupled to proteomics studies.

在这项研究中,我们重点评估了在突尼斯沿海地区Gabes湾的三个不同金属污染水平的地点,海蓝角锥虫对原位暴露于金属的反应。首先,我们检查了生物体的一般生理状态。其次,我们评估了几种金属(Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni)在公鸡体内的生物累积性。第三,我们专注于评估生物体配子发生和性成熟的组织学变化。最后,我们确定了编码酶或蛋白质的七个关键基因的表达,这些酶或蛋白质参与对不同类型的环境压力源的反应。结果显示,公鸡的总体生理状态有所下降,包括条件指数下降,性别比偏向雌性(中间和污染区分别为70%和80%的雌性),以及在缺氧条件下(即压力-压力测试)从污染最严重的地区采集的公鸡的死亡率更高(LT50 = 2.88天)与来自中间位点的公鸡(LT50 = 5天)和污染较少的场地(LT50 = 6天)。金属生物累积的结果表明,公鸡中的Cd、Cu、Zn和Ni水平与污染物梯度一致,污染最严重地区的公鸡含量最高(分别为1.04、4.92、52.76和13.81µg/g dw),其次是来自中间位点的(分别为0.34、2.94、36.94、17.40µg/g dw),然后是污染较少的位点(分别为0.065、1.27、21.62和5.40µg/gdw)。配子发生和成熟指数的结果表明,从三个研究地点采集的公鸡的生殖周期几乎没有差异。有不同的基因表达模式,根据反应分为三组:(1)参与金属解毒的基因、ATP结合盒亚家族B成员1(ABCB1)和金属硫蛋白MT的表达以及超氧化物歧化酶基因(即Mn-SOD和CuZn-SOD)的表达水平没有任何差异;(2) 热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因的表达在公鸡中根据污染梯度而降低,以及(3)过氧化氢酶(CAT)和细胞色素氧化酶亚基1(COI)基因在中等和最严重污染部位的公鸡中的表达比污染较少的部位高出3倍和1000倍。因此,整体生理条件、性别比和HSP70、CAT和COI基因表达的变化可能是原位研究金属对公鸡影响的合适生物标志物。然而,这些生物标志物应该与蛋白质组学研究相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Formation and Degradability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in River Soils around a Fluoropolymer-Manufacturing Plant in Osaka, Japan 日本大阪氟聚合物生产厂周围河流土壤中全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的形成和降解
IF 4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00998-z
Phayong Thepaksorn, Pureum Lee, Yoko Shiwaku, Bo Zheng, Akio Koizumi, Kouji H. Harada

Our previous studies reported that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination decreased in well, tap, and surface water around a fluoropolymer plant in Osaka, Japan, between 2003 and 2016. In this study, we evaluated the degradability of PFOA and perfluorohexanoic acid in river soils to identify the influence of the degradation on the perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the Yodo River Basin. We also investigated the influence of abiotic oxidation on the formation of PFCAs in soils and measured the fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) as precursors of PFCAs in the soil and air samples collected at Osaka and Kyoto. No major degradations were observed in soils contaminated with PFCA during the 24-week experimental period, while the PFOA levels increased only in the control group. The PFCA levels significantly increased after oxidation in this group. The dominant FTOH in soils was 10:2 FTOH, whereas 6:2 FTOH was dominant in the air samples. These findings suggest that PFOA was rapidly removed from water system but persist in soils. Moreover, the results indicate the need to evaluate not only the PFCAs, but also the FTOHs and other precursors for the accurate prediction of PFCA accumulation and fates in the environment.

我们之前的研究报告称,2003年至2016年间,日本大阪一家含氟聚合物工厂周围的井水、自来水和地表水中的全氟辛酸(PFOA)污染有所减少。在本研究中,我们评估了全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟己酸在河流土壤中的降解性,以确定降解对Yodo河流域全氟羧酸(PFCAs)的影响。我们还研究了非生物氧化对土壤中PFCA形成的影响,并在大阪和京都收集的土壤和空气样品中测量了作为PFCA前体的氟调聚物醇(FTOHs)。在24周的实验期间,在被全氟辛烷磺酸污染的土壤中没有观察到主要的降解,而全氟辛烷酸水平仅在对照组中增加。氧化后,该组的PFCA水平显著升高。土壤中的主要FTOH是10:2 FTOH,而空气样品中的主要是6:2 FTOH。这些发现表明,全氟辛烷磺酸从水系统中迅速去除,但在土壤中持续存在。此外,研究结果表明,不仅需要评估PFCA,还需要评估FTOH和其他前体,以准确预测PFCA在环境中的积累和命运。
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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