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NP, OP and Derivatives in Freshwater Sediment Downstream of Textile Associated Municipal Wastewater Discharges 与纺织相关的城市污水排放物下游淡水沉积物中的 NP、OP 及其衍生物。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01066-w
Benoit Lalonde, Christine Garron

Alkylphenol ethoxylates comprise of many anthropogenic chemicals such as nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs). The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency and magnitude of detections of 4-NP, OP and NPEOs in Canadian sediment downstream of textile associated municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) to determine if regulatory actions have had a beneficial impact on the receiving environment. Surficial sediments were obtained in four locations in the province of Québec (Canada) and were analyzed for nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylates (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylates (NP2EO) and octylphenol from 2015 to 2018. Individual concentrations of the compounds varied from non detect to 419 ng/g. Of the four compounds analyzed, NP was detected the most frequently with a 75% detection rate while OPs were not detected in any of the samples. Since the Canadian regulatory actions have drastically reduced NP/NPEOs usage in textile mill factories and manufactured products, the potential source of these compounds in sediment for this study could stem from the outfall from the MWWTPs but not related to textile mills as well as from the usage of these compounds as formulants in pesticide products. Lastly, there were no exceedances to the Canadian Sediment Quality guideline toxic equivalency approach (TEQ) of 1400 ng/g or the 1310 ng/g guideline for NP in freshwater sediment from the European Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks. We hypothesize that the significant concentrations of these compounds in sediment may be a relevant and continuous source of 4NP in surface waters due to resuspension of sediment in the water column.

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚由许多人为化学物质组成,如壬基酚 (NP)、辛基酚 (OP) 和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (NPEO)。本研究的目的是评估在与纺织相关的城市污水处理厂 (MWWTP) 下游的加拿大沉积物中检测到 4-壬基酚、辛基酚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的频率和程度,以确定监管措施是否对接收环境产生了有益影响。在魁北克省(加拿大)的四个地点获得了表层沉积物,并在 2015 年至 2018 年期间对壬基酚、壬基酚单乙氧基化物(NP1EO)、壬基酚二乙氧基化物(NP2EO)和辛基酚进行了分析。化合物的单个浓度从未检测到 419 纳克/克不等。在分析的四种化合物中,NP 的检出率最高,达到 75%,而 OP 在所有样本中均未检出。由于加拿大的监管行动已大幅减少了纺织厂工厂和制成品中 NP/NPEOs 的使用,因此本研究中沉积物中这些化合物的潜在来源可能来自于水务污水处理厂的排污口,但与纺织厂无关,也可能来自于将这些化合物用作杀虫剂产品的配方剂。最后,加拿大沉积物质量准则毒性当量法 (TEQ) 规定的 1400 纳克/克或欧洲健康、环境和新风险科学委员会规定的淡水沉积物中 NP 准则 1310 纳克/克均未超标。我们假设,由于沉积物在水体中的再悬浮,沉积物中这些化合物的高浓度可能是地表水中 4NP 的一个相关且持续的来源。
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引用次数: 0
Mercury Concentrations in Feathers of Albatrosses and Large Petrels at South Georgia: Contemporary Patterns and Comparisons with Past Decades 南乔治亚岛信天翁和大海燕羽毛中的汞浓度:当代模式以及与过去几十年的比较。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01067-9
William F. Mills, Paco Bustamante, Francisco Ramírez, Manuela G. Forero, Richard A. Phillips

Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant that can negatively impact the health of humans and wildlife. Albatrosses and large petrels show some of the highest levels of Hg contamination among birds, with potential repercussions for reproduction and survival. Here, body feather total Hg (THg) concentrations were determined in breeding adults of five species of albatrosses and large petrels in the foraging guild at South Georgia during the mid-2010s. We tested the effects of species, sex and trophic ecology (inferred from stable isotopes) on THg concentrations and compared our results with published values from past decades. Feather THg concentrations differed significantly among species (range: 1.9–49.6 µg g−1 dw), and were highest in wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans, intermediate in black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris and northern giant petrels Macronectes halli, and lowest in southern giant petrels M. giganteus and white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis. Females were more contaminated than males in all species, potentially due to differences in distributions and diet composition. Across species, THg concentrations were not correlated with feather δ13C or δ15N values, implying that species effects (e.g., breeding and moulting frequencies) may be more important than trophic effects in explaining feather THg concentrations in this foraging guild. Within species, the only significant correlation was between THg and δ13C in wandering albatrosses, which could reflect higher Hg exposure in subtropical waters. Comparisons with THg concentrations from past studies, which reflect contamination from 10 to > 60 years ago, revealed considerable annual variation and some evidence for increases over time for wandering and black-browed albatrosses since before 1950 and from the late 1980s, respectively.

汞(Hg)是一种环境污染物,会对人类和野生动物的健康产生负面影响。信天翁和大海燕是汞污染水平最高的鸟类之一,可能会对繁殖和生存造成影响。在此,我们测定了 2010 年代中期在南乔治亚岛觅食的五种信天翁和大型海燕的繁殖成鸟的体羽总汞浓度。我们测试了物种、性别和营养生态(通过稳定同位素推断)对总汞浓度的影响,并将我们的结果与过去几十年的公布值进行了比较。不同物种羽毛的三卤甲烷浓度差异很大(范围:1.9-49.6 µg g-1 dw),游荡信天翁(Diomedea exulans)的三卤甲烷浓度最高,黑眉信天翁(Thalassarche melanophris)和北方巨海燕(Macronectes halli)居中,南方巨海燕(M. giganteus)和白颏海燕(Procellaria aequinoctialis)最低。在所有物种中,雌性比雄性受到的污染更严重,这可能是由于分布和食物组成的差异造成的。在所有物种中,四氢大麻酚浓度与羽毛δ13C或δ15N值不相关,这意味着物种效应(如繁殖和换羽频率)可能比营养效应对这一觅食类群羽毛四氢大麻酚浓度的解释更为重要。在物种内部,唯一显著相关的是游荡信天翁的 THg 与 δ13C 之间的关系,这可能反映了其在亚热带水域中更高的汞暴露水平。与过去研究中的三卤甲烷浓度(反映了 10 至 60 年前的污染情况)进行比较后发现,游荡信天翁和黑眉信天翁的三卤甲烷浓度每年都有相当大的变化,而且有证据表明,随着时间的推移,游荡信天翁和黑眉信天翁的三卤甲烷浓度分别从 1950 年前和 20 世纪 80 年代末开始增加。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing Transcriptomic Points of Departure to Apical Effect Concentrations For Larval Fathead Minnow Exposed to Chemicals with Four Different Modes Of Action 比较暴露于四种不同作用模式化学品的黑头鲦鱼幼体的转录组出发点与顶端效应浓度。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01064-y
Kevin Flynn, Michelle Le, Monique Hazemi, Adam Biales, David C. Bencic, Brett R. Blackwell, Kendra Bush, Robert Flick, John X. Hoang, John Martinson, Mackenzie Morshead, Kelvin Santana Rodriguez, Emma Stacy, Daniel L. Villeneuve

It is postulated that below a transcriptomic-based point of departure, adverse effects are unlikely to occur, thereby providing a chemical concentration to use in screening level hazard assessment. The present study extends previous work describing a high-throughput fathead minnow assay that can provide full transcriptomic data after exposure to a test chemical. One-day post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed to ten concentrations of three representatives of four chemical modes of action: organophosphates, ecdysone receptor agonists, plant photosystem II inhibitors, and estrogen receptor agonists for 24 h. Concentration response modeling was performed on whole body gene expression data from each exposure, using measured chemical concentrations when available. Transcriptomic points of departure in larval fathead minnow were lower than apical effect concentrations across fish species but not always lower than toxic effect concentrations in other aquatic taxa like crustaceans and insects. The point of departure was highly dependent on measured chemical concentration which were often lower than the nominal concentration. Differentially expressed genes between chemicals within modes of action were compared and often showed statistically significant overlap. In addition, reproducibility between identical exposures using a positive control chemical (CuSO4) and variability associated with the transcriptomic point of departure using in silico sampling were considered. Results extend a transcriptomic-compatible fathead minnow high-throughput assay for possible use in ecological hazard screening.

据推测,低于以转录组为基础的起始点,就不太可能出现不良影响,从而提供了用于筛选级危害评估的化学浓度。本研究扩展了之前的工作,描述了一种高通量黑头鲦鱼检测方法,该方法可在暴露于测试化学品后提供完整的转录组数据。将孵化后一天的黑头鲦鱼暴露于四种化学作用模式的三种代表物质(有机磷、蜕皮激素受体激动剂、植物光合系统 II 抑制剂和雌激素受体激动剂)的十种浓度下 24 小时。在所有鱼类物种中,黑头鲦幼体的转录组出发点均低于顶端效应浓度,但并不总是低于甲壳类和昆虫等其他水生类群的毒性效应浓度。出发点在很大程度上取决于测量到的化学物质浓度,这些浓度通常低于标称浓度。对不同作用模式的化学品之间的差异表达基因进行了比较,结果往往显示出统计学上的显著重叠。此外,还考虑了使用阳性对照化学物(CuSO4)在相同暴露条件下的重现性,以及使用硅学取样与转录组出发点相关的变异性。研究结果扩展了与转录组兼容的黑头鲦鱼高通量检测方法,可用于生态危害筛选。
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引用次数: 0
Decline in the Conception Rate of Wild Japanese Monkeys after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident 福岛第一核电站事故后野生日本猴受孕率下降。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01063-z
Shin-ichi Hayama, Setsuko Nakanishi, Aki Tanaka, Takuya Kato, Chinatsu Watanabe, Nobutaka Kikuchi, Risa Danjo, Ayano Matsuda, Wakako Mori, Yuki Kawabata, Hikari Akiba, Fumiharu Konno, Yoshi Kawamoto, Toshinori Omi

We examined the conception rate of wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in Fukushima City that were exposed to radiation as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. The conception rate in the year of delivery from 2009 to 2022 was estimated by dissecting individuals that were euthanized by the government for population control as a countermeasure against crop damage. To evaluate the effects of exposure, the cumulative exposure dose for each individual was calculated using the concentration of radiocesium deposited in the soil at the capture site and the concentration of radiocesium in muscle estimated from the aggregated transfer factor. There were no significant differences in conception rates across all age classes over time. In terms of conception rates by age class, there was a significant decrease post-exposure compared with pre-exposure in the age class ≥ 8 years, but no significant differences in the age class 5–7 years. The non-ovulation rate did not significantly differ between the pre- and post-exposure periods for any age class. Body fat index, which can affect fertility, was compared between the pre- and post-exposure periods, and no significant differences were found in either age class. In contrast, the median total cumulative exposure (cumulative internal exposure + cumulative external exposure) was significantly higher in the age class ≥ 8 years compared with the age class 5–7 years. These results suggest that the total cumulative exposure dose may be one of the reasons for the lower conception rate in the post-exposure period among the age class ≥ 8 years.

我们研究了因2011年3月福岛第一核电站事故而受到辐射的福岛市野生日本猴(Macaca fuscata)的受孕率。2009年至2022年期间的受孕率是通过解剖被政府安乐死以控制人口的个体估算出来的。为了评估辐照的影响,使用捕获地点土壤中沉积的铯浓度和根据聚合转移因子估算的肌肉中铯浓度,计算了每个个体的累积辐照剂量。各年龄组的受孕率在不同时期没有明显差异。就各年龄组的受孕率而言,≥ 8 岁年龄组的受孕率在辐照后比辐照前显著下降,但 5-7 岁年龄组的受孕率没有显著差异。任何年龄组的不排卵率在暴露前后都没有明显差异。体脂指数会影响生育能力,对暴露前和暴露后的体脂指数进行比较后发现,两个年龄组的体脂指数均无明显差异。相反,与 5-7 岁年龄组相比,≥ 8 岁年龄组的累积总暴露量(累积体内暴露量+累积体外暴露量)中位数明显较高。这些结果表明,总累积暴露剂量可能是暴露后受孕率较低的原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Esters in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment Exposure and Estimated Daily Intake 越南河内有机磷酯尿液代谢物调查:评估暴露量和估计日摄入量。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01065-x
Ha Thu Trinh, Dung Anh Truong, Hanh Thi Duong, Thuy Minh Bui, Minh Tue Thi Hoang, Phuong Thu Thi Nguyen, Cuc Thi Dinh, Tuyen Van Nguyen, Lan Thu Thi Tran, Nga Thanh Thi Nguyen, Giang Truong Le

In recent years, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have become one of the most common additives in various consumer products worldwide, therefore the exposure and impact of OPEs on human health are drawing a lot of attention. In this study, three metabolites of OPEs including bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP) were investigated in first-morning void urine samples taken from a population (age range: 3–76 years old) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The most dominant urinary OPE metabolite was DEP with the geometric mean of specific gravity adjust (SG-adjusted) concentration were 1960 ng mL−1 and detected frequency (DF) of 98%. Followed by DPhP (8.01 ng mL−1, DF: 100%) and BDCIPP (2.18 ng mL−1, DF: 51%). The results indicated that gender and age might have associations with the OPE metabolites variation in urine samples. The levels of OPE metabolites in urine samples from females were slightly higher than in males. An increase in age seems to have an association with a decrease in DPhP levels in urine. Exposure doses of parent OPEs were evaluated from the unadjusted urinary concentration of corresponding OPE metabolite. The estimated exposure doses of triethyl phosphate (TEP) (mean: 534,000 ng kg−1 d−1) were significantly higher than its corresponding reference dose, suggesting the high potential risk from the current exposure doses of TEP to human health. The results of this work provided the initial information on the occurrence of three OPE metabolites in urine from Hanoi, Vietnam and estimated exposure dose of corresponding parent OPEs.

近年来,有机磷酸酯(OPEs)已成为全球各种消费品中最常见的添加剂之一,因此,OPEs 的暴露和对人体健康的影响备受关注。在这项研究中,研究人员从越南河内的人群(年龄范围:3-76 岁)清晨排出的尿液样本中检测了三种 OPE 代谢物,包括磷酸二(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(BDCIPP)、磷酸二苯酯(DPhP)和磷酸二乙酯(DEP)。尿液中最主要的 OPE 代谢物是 DEP,其比重调整(SG-adjusted)浓度的几何平均数为 1960 纳克/毫升-1,检测频率(DF)为 98%。其次是 DPhP(8.01 纳克 mL-1,DF:100%)和 BDCIPP(2.18 纳克 mL-1,DF:51%)。结果表明,性别和年龄可能与尿样中 OPE 代谢物的变化有关。女性尿样中的 OPE 代谢物水平略高于男性。年龄的增加似乎与尿液中 DPhP 含量的降低有关。根据未经调整的尿液中相应 OPE 代谢物的浓度来评估母体 OPE 的暴露剂量。磷酸三乙酯(TEP)的估计暴露剂量(平均值:534,000 纳克/千克-1 d-1)明显高于其相应的参考剂量,表明目前的 TEP 暴露剂量对人体健康的潜在风险很高。这项工作的结果提供了关于越南河内尿液中三种 OPE 代谢物含量的初步信息,以及相应母体 OPE 的估计暴露剂量。
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引用次数: 0
Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) Affects Ecologically Relevant Behaviors in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) 暴露于亚致死浓度的铅(Pb)会影响家雀的生态相关行为
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01062-0
Joseph F. Di Liberto, Simon C. Griffith, Cara J. Hall, Alexandra S. Mendelsohn, John P. Swaddle

Global contamination of environments with lead (Pb) poses threats to many ecosystems and populations. While exposure to Pb is toxic at high concentrations, recent literature has shown that lower concentrations can also cause sublethal, deleterious effects. However, there remains relatively little causal investigation of how exposure to lower concentrations of environmental Pb affects ecologically important behaviors. Behaviors often represent first-line responses of an organism and its internal physiological, molecular, and genetic responses to a changing environment. Hence, better understanding how behaviors are influenced by pollutants such as Pb generates crucial information on how species are coping with the effects of pollution more broadly. To better understand the effects of sublethal Pb on behavior, we chronically exposed adult wild-caught, captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to Pb-exposed drinking water and quantified a suite of behavioral outcomes: takeoff flight performance, activity in a novel environment, and in-hand struggling and breathing rate while being handled by an experimenter. Compared to controls (un-exposed drinking water), sparrows exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Pb exhibited decreases in takeoff flight performance and reduced movements in a novel environment following 9–10 weeks of exposure. We interpret this suite of results to be consistent with Pb influencing fundamental neuro-muscular abilities, making it more difficult for exposed birds to mount faster movements and activities. It is likely that suppression of takeoff flight and reduced movements would increase the predation risk of similar birds in the wild; hence, we also conclude that the effects we observed could influence fitness outcomes for individuals and populations altering ecological interactions within more naturalistic settings.

全球环境中的铅(Pb)污染对许多生态系统和人口造成了威胁。虽然接触高浓度铅会中毒,但最近的文献表明,较低浓度的铅也会造成亚致死性有害影响。然而,对于暴露于低浓度环境中的铅如何影响具有重要生态意义的行为的因果调查仍然相对较少。行为通常代表生物体及其内部生理、分子和基因对不断变化的环境的第一线反应。因此,更好地了解铅等污染物是如何影响行为的,将为更广泛地了解物种是如何应对污染影响提供重要信息。为了更好地了解亚致死铅对行为的影响,我们将野生捕获的圈养成年家雀(Passer domesticus)长期暴露于铅暴露的饮用水中,并对一系列行为结果进行了量化:起飞飞行性能、在新环境中的活动以及在实验者操控下的手部挣扎和呼吸频率。与对照组(未接触饮用水)相比,接触环境中相关浓度铅的麻雀在接触铅 9-10 周后表现出起飞性能下降和在新环境中活动减少。我们对这一系列结果的解释是,铅影响了基本的神经-肌肉能力,使暴露于铅的鸟类更难做出较快的动作和活动。抑制起飞和减少运动很可能会增加野外类似鸟类的捕食风险;因此,我们还得出结论,我们观察到的影响可能会影响个体和种群的健康结果,从而改变更自然环境中的生态互动。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalates in Municipal Drinking Water Supply of a Central Indian City 印度中部城市市政饮用水供应中邻苯二甲酸盐的存在与健康风险评估。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01061-1
Nandini Shende, Ishan Singh, Girivvankatesh Hippargi, Asirvatham Ramesh Kumar

In this study, the occurrence of phthalates in the municipal water supply of Nagpur City, India, was studied for the first time. The study aimed to provide insights into the extent of phthalate contamination and identify potential sources of contamination in the city’s tap water. We analyzed fifteen phthalates and the total concentration (∑15phthalates) ranged from 0.27 to 76.36 µg L−1. Prominent phthalates identified were di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and di-nonyl phthalate (DNP). Out of the fifteen phthalates analyzed, DEHP showed the highest concentration in all the samples with the median concentration of 2.27 µg L−1, 1.39 µg L−1, 1.83 µg L−1, 2.02 µg L−1, respectively in Butibori, Gandhibaag, Civil Lines, and Kalmeshwar areas of the city. In 30% of the tap water samples, DEHP was found higher than the EPA maximum contaminant level of 6 µg L−1. The average daily intake (ADI) of phthalates via consumption of tap water was higher for adults (median: 0.25 µg kg−1 day−1) compared to children (median: 0.07 µg kg−1 day−1). The hazard index (HI) calculated for both adults and children was below the threshold level, indicating no significant health risks from chronic toxic risk. However, the maximum carcinogenic risk (CR) for adults (8.44 × 10–3) and children (7.73 × 10–3) was higher than the threshold level. Knowledge of the sources and distribution of phthalate contamination in municipal drinking water is crucial for effective contamination control and management strategies.

Graphical Abstract

本研究首次对印度那格浦尔市自来水中邻苯二甲酸盐的含量进行了研究。研究旨在深入了解该市自来水中邻苯二甲酸盐的污染程度,并确定潜在的污染源。我们分析了 15 种邻苯二甲酸盐,总浓度(∑15 种邻苯二甲酸盐)从 0.27 微克/升到 76.36 微克/升不等。主要的邻苯二甲酸盐包括邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)和邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(DNP)。在所分析的 15 种邻苯二甲酸酯中,DEHP 在所有样本中的浓度最高,在该市的 Butibori、Gandhibaag、Civil Lines 和 Kalmeshwar 地区的中位浓度分别为 2.27 微克/升、1.39 微克/升、1.83 微克/升和 2.02 微克/升。在 30% 的自来水样本中,DEHP 的含量高于美国环保局规定的 6 µg L-1 的最高污染物含量。与儿童(中位数:0.07 微克/千克/天-1)相比,成年人通过饮用自来水摄入邻苯二甲酸盐的日均摄入量(ADI)更高(中位数:0.25 微克/千克/天-1)。计算得出的成人和儿童危害指数(HI)均低于阈值水平,表明慢性毒性风险不会对健康造成重大危害。不过,成人(8.44 × 10-3)和儿童(7.73 × 10-3)的最大致癌风险(CR)高于阈值水平。了解城市饮用水中邻苯二甲酸盐污染的来源和分布情况,对于制定有效的污染控制和管理策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Roles of Diet and Habitat Use in Pesticide Bioaccumulation by Juvenile Chinook Salmon: Insights from Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Biomarkers 饮食和栖息地使用在幼年大鳞大麻哈鱼农药生物累积中的作用:稳定同位素和脂肪酸生物标志物的启示。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01060-2
Sara E. Anzalone, Neil W. Fuller, Kara E. Huff Hartz, Gregory W. Whitledge, Jason T. Magnuson, Daniel Schlenk, Shawn Acuña, Matt R. Whiles, Michael J. Lydy

Stable isotopes (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers can provide insights regarding trophic pathways and habitats associated with contaminant bioaccumulation. We assessed relationships between SI and FA biomarkers and published data on concentrations of two pesticides [dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and degradation products (DDX) and bifenthrin] in juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento River and Yolo Bypass floodplain in Northern California near Sacramento. We also conducted SI and FA analyses of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates to determine whether particular trophic pathways and habitats were associated with elevated pesticide concentrations in fish. Relationships between DDX and both sulfur (δ34S) and carbon (δ13C) SI ratios in salmon indicated that diet is a major exposure route for DDX, particularly for individuals with a benthic detrital energy base. Greater use of a benthic detrital energy base likely accounted for the higher frequency of salmon with DDX concentrations > 60 ng/g dw in the Yolo Bypass compared to the Sacramento River. Chironomid larvae and zooplankton were implicated as prey items likely responsible for trophic transfer of DDX to salmon. Sulfur SI ratios enabled identification of hatchery-origin fish that had likely spent insufficient time in the wild to substantially bioaccumulate DDX. Bifenthrin concentration was unrelated to SI or FA biomarkers in salmon, potentially due to aqueous uptake, biotransformation and elimination of the pesticide, or indistinct biomarker compositions among invertebrates with low and high bifenthrin concentrations. One FA [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and DDX were negatively correlated in salmon, potentially due to a greater uptake of DDX from invertebrates with low DHA or effects of DDX on FA metabolism. Trophic biomarkers may be useful indicators of DDX accumulation and effects in juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento River Delta.

稳定同位素(SI)和脂肪酸(FA)生物标志物可以提供与污染物生物累积相关的营养途径和栖息地的信息。我们评估了 SI 和 FA 生物标志物与两种农药(二氯二苯三氯乙烷及其降解产物 (DDX) 和联苯菊酯)在萨克拉门托附近北加州萨克拉门托河和 Yolo Bypass 洪泛区的幼年大鳞大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)体内浓度的公开数据之间的关系。我们还对浮游动物和大型无脊椎动物进行了 SI 和 FA 分析,以确定特定营养途径和栖息地是否与鱼类体内农药浓度升高有关。鲑鱼体内的 DDX 与硫(δ34S)和碳(δ13C)SI 比率之间的关系表明,饮食是 DDX 的主要接触途径,尤其是对以底栖碎屑为能量基础的个体而言。与萨克拉门托河相比,约洛旁路河中鲑鱼的 DDX 浓度大于 60 纳克/克干重的频率较高,这可能与鲑鱼更多地利用底栖碎屑能量基础有关。摇蚊幼虫和浮游动物被认为是可能将 DDX 营养传递给鲑鱼的猎物。通过硫 SI 比值,可以识别出孵化场原产鱼类,这些鱼类在野外生活的时间可能不足以大量生物累积 DDX。联苯菊酯浓度与鲑鱼体内的 SI 或 FA 生物标志物无关,这可能是由于农药的水吸收、生物转化和消除,或联苯菊酯浓度较低和较高的无脊椎动物的生物标志物组成不一致。在鲑鱼体内,一种 FA(二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA))与 DDX 呈负相关,这可能是由于 DHA 含量低的无脊椎动物对 DDX 的吸收量更大,或者 DDX 对 FA 代谢的影响。营养生物标志物可能是衡量萨克拉门托河三角洲奇努克鲑幼鱼体内 DDX 累积和影响的有用指标。
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引用次数: 0
Potentially Toxic Elements’ Accumulation in Relation to Sediment Physicochemical Attributes and Microplastic Content in Zayandeh-Rood River, Iran 伊朗 Zayandeh-Rood 河潜在有毒元素的累积与沉积物理化属性和微塑料含量的关系。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01059-9
Mokarrameh Behmanesh, Atefeh Chamani, Elham Chavoshi

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging pollutant whose ability to adsorb potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems, including rivers. In highly developed basins, the abundance of MPs in river sediment is expected to be high, elevating the sedimentary accumulation of PTEs. This hypothesis was tested in the Zayandeh-Rood River, Central Iran, with 21 sediment sampling stations distributed along the entire river stretch. Results of sediment analysis showed significant variations in the abundance and size of MPs, with concentrations ranked as Ba (270.71 mg/kg) > Li (21.29 mg/kg) > Cs (2.50 mg/kg) > Be (1.44 mg/kg) > Sn (1.17 mg/kg) > Mo (1.06 mg/kg) > Ag (0.76 mg/kg), along with sediment physicochemical attributes such as EC, TOC, pH and grain size. MPs were identified in all sediment samples with a mean of 588 items/kg dry weight. Except for Ag, all other PTEs were classified as uncontaminated but exhibited increased enrichment downstream. According to the results of the generalized additive model (maximum R-sq of 0.766), the sedimentary concentration of the majority of PTEs is nonlinearly and positively associated with smaller and more abundant MPs. This study acknowledges that MPs might influence sediment porosity, permeability and structure, thereby directly affecting the settling dynamics of other particles, especially PTEs.

Graphical Abstract

微塑料(MPs)是一种新兴污染物,其吸附潜在有毒元素(PTEs)的能力对包括河流在内的水生生态系统构成严重威胁。在高度发达的流域,河流沉积物中 MPs 的丰度预计会很高,从而增加 PTEs 的沉积积累。我们在伊朗中部的 Zayandeh-Rood 河测试了这一假设,沿整个河段分布了 21 个沉积物取样站。沉积物分析结果表明,多溴联苯醚的丰度和大小存在显著差异,浓度排名为 Ba(270.71 毫克/千克)> Li(21.29 毫克/千克)> Cs(2.50 毫克/千克)> Be(1.44 毫克/千克)> Sn(1.17 毫克/千克)> Mo(1.06 毫克/千克)> Ag(0.76 毫克/千克),同时还包括导电率、总有机碳、pH 值和粒度等沉积物物理化学属性。在所有沉积物样本中都发现了多溴联苯醚,平均含量为 588 个/千克干重。除 Ag 外,所有其他 PTE 都被归类为未受污染,但下游富集程度有所提高。根据广义相加模型的结果(最大 R-sq 为 0.766),大多数 PTE 的沉积物浓度与较小和较多的 MPs 呈非线性正相关。该研究认为,MPs 可能会影响沉积物的孔隙度、渗透性和结构,从而直接影响其他颗粒(尤其是 PTEs)的沉降动力学。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Mercury Bioaccumulation in Bivalve Molluscs from a Shallow Estuarine Embayment 浅河口湾双壳类软体动物汞生物累积比较研究
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01058-w
Gunnar Hansen, Sandra E. Shumway, Robert P. Mason, Zofia Baumann

In estuarine food webs, bivalve molluscs transfer nutrients and pollutants to higher trophic levels. Mercury (Hg) pollution is ubiquitous, but it is especially elevated in estuaries historically impacted by industrial activities, such as those in the U.S. Northeast. Monomethylmercury (MeHg), the organic form of Hg, is highly bioaccumulative and transferable in the food web resulting in the highest concentrations in the largest and oldest marine predators. Patterns of Hg concentrations in marine bivalve molluscs, however, are poorly understood. In this study, inorganic Hg (iHg), MeHg, and the total Hg (THg) in soft tissues of the northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria), eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), and ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) from eastern Long Island sound, a temperate estuary of the western North Atlantic Ocean was investigated. In all three species, concentrations of THg remained similar between the four sampling months (May, June, July, and September), and were mostly independent of animal size. In quahogs, MeHg and iHg displayed significant (p < 0.05) positive (iHg in May and June) and negative (MeHg in July and September) changes with shell height. Variability in concentrations of THg, MeHg, and iHg, both inter- and intra-specifically was high and greater in quahogs and oysters (THg: 37, 39%, MeHg: 28, 39%, respectively) than in mussels (THg: 13%, MeHg: 20%). The percentage of THg that was MeHg (%MeHg) was also highly variable in the three species (range: 10–80%), highlighting the importance of measuring MeHg and not only THg in molluscs.

在河口食物网中,双壳软体动物将营养物质和污染物转移到更高的营养级。汞(Hg)污染无处不在,但在历史上受工业活动影响的河口,如美国东北部的河口,汞污染尤其严重。单甲基汞(MeHg)是汞的有机形式,具有高度的生物累积性,可在食物网中转移,因此在最大和最古老的海洋食肉动物体内浓度最高。然而,人们对海洋双壳软体动物体内汞浓度的模式还知之甚少。本研究调查了北大西洋西部温带河口--长岛湾东部的北部魁猪(Mercenaria mercenaria)、东部牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)和肋贻贝(Geukensia demissa)软组织中的无机汞(iHg)、甲基汞(MeHg)和总汞(THg)。在所有三个物种中,四氢大麻酚的浓度在四个采样月份(5 月、6 月、7 月和 9 月)之间保持相似,并且大多与动物的大小无关。在魁蚶中,甲基汞和碘化汞的浓度(p
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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