Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420301
Wei Zhao, R. Arvanitis
Based on the example of the automobile and electronics sector in China, the article examines the technological learning of companies in China and the way it is influenced by industrial policy. Companies have consolidated their production capacity and technological learning but are rarely in a position to develop an innovation capability. The article shows the diversity of enterprises and identifies two opposing modes of development, either based on technological transfers of foreign technologies mainly through state-owned enterprises or based on assimilation and learning of technologies acquired through the clients in private or foreignowned companies or other new enterprises of a rather small size. The latter are less favored by official policies and have difficulty obtaining the advantages that may have been available through the national innovation system (training, higher education, research, technical centers, funding). This separation of the innovation system promoted by the government and the industrial system that was created through technological learning is, in the authors' opinion, the main reason for the low innovation capability of Chinese industry. The coexistence of these two different modes is a characteristic feature of China and explains why China does not follow the experience of South Korea and Japan using the path of "imitation to innovation."
{"title":"The Innovation and Learning Capabilities of Chinese Firms","authors":"Wei Zhao, R. Arvanitis","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420301","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the example of the automobile and electronics sector in China, the article examines the technological learning of companies in China and the way it is influenced by industrial policy. Companies have consolidated their production capacity and technological learning but are rarely in a position to develop an innovation capability. The article shows the diversity of enterprises and identifies two opposing modes of development, either based on technological transfers of foreign technologies mainly through state-owned enterprises or based on assimilation and learning of technologies acquired through the clients in private or foreignowned companies or other new enterprises of a rather small size. The latter are less favored by official policies and have difficulty obtaining the advantages that may have been available through the national innovation system (training, higher education, research, technical centers, funding). This separation of the innovation system promoted by the government and the industrial system that was created through technological learning is, in the authors' opinion, the main reason for the low innovation capability of Chinese industry. The coexistence of these two different modes is a characteristic feature of China and explains why China does not follow the experience of South Korea and Japan using the path of \"imitation to innovation.\"","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"4 1","pages":"27 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420300
J. Ruffier
{"title":"The Anthropology of Chinese Industrial Development: Who Built the World's Factories?","authors":"J. Ruffier","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"16 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76984638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/csa0009-4625420306
{"title":"Publisher's Note: Complete Digital Archives of Selected M. E. Sharpe Journals Will Be Available Free of Charge Exclusively to 2011 Institutional Subscribers","authors":"","doi":"10.2753/csa0009-4625420306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625420306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"2 1","pages":"87 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83175597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420305
J. Ruffier
This article examines the link between knowledge and production. Education is advantageous for industrial development, and there is no doubt that this proposition is confined to generalities to some extent. But in reality, the relationship between education and development does not appear to be linear. It is not sufficient to have more education to obtain more development, and some teaching may even turn out to be counterproductive. The word "knowledge" is a deceptive one because it gives the impression of the existence of objective truths, and that it is enough to know them in order to succeed in mastering the world. The industrial world is a competitive world. In order to succeed, it is not enough to act like the rest, because in this case, one is behind them; you have to do better, that is, differently. I propose here to assemble the data collected on the relationship between "knowledge" and "employment" in Guangdong's private factories to sustain the consideration about the knowledge that is useful for development. As we will see, education promotes and prevents industrial development. Everything must be understood case by case, individual by individual, situation by situation—the distinctive situation in which one finds oneself.
{"title":"The Knowledge of Industrial Development","authors":"J. Ruffier","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420305","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the link between knowledge and production. Education is advantageous for industrial development, and there is no doubt that this proposition is confined to generalities to some extent. But in reality, the relationship between education and development does not appear to be linear. It is not sufficient to have more education to obtain more development, and some teaching may even turn out to be counterproductive. The word \"knowledge\" is a deceptive one because it gives the impression of the existence of objective truths, and that it is enough to know them in order to succeed in mastering the world. The industrial world is a competitive world. In order to succeed, it is not enough to act like the rest, because in this case, one is behind them; you have to do better, that is, differently. I propose here to assemble the data collected on the relationship between \"knowledge\" and \"employment\" in Guangdong's private factories to sustain the consideration about the knowledge that is useful for development. As we will see, education promotes and prevents industrial development. Everything must be understood case by case, individual by individual, situation by situation—the distinctive situation in which one finds oneself.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"94 1","pages":"74 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85655393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420304
H. Heng
The article comprises a survey and a study of grass-roots enterprise trade unions on the Chinese mainland. By means of surveys of the specific activities and functions of three grass-roots enterprise trade unions (at a state-owned enterprise, a joint-venture enterprise, and a foreign-funded enterprise), the author points out that despite some differences in trade unions under different ownership systems, all share a common characteristic in that they do not serve as spokesmen for workers' interests, and that the trade unions' activities do not respond directly to the workers' needs. The article points out that state monopoly and top-down establishment of trade union organizations, party and government appointments of their persons-in-charge, and enterprise payments of their principal funding determine the impossibility of trade unions serving as organizations representing workers' interests. The fundamental reason for the "campaign to set up trade unions" in new enterprises lies not in safeguarding the workers' interests, but in the departmental interests of trade union federations at various levels and the state's need to safeguard its political power. Finally, trade union federations at various levels have their own interests independent and beyond those of the state and the workers, and it is the existence of these self-determined interests that have led to the current campaign to set up trade unions in newly built enterprises. Hence, importance should be given to the existence of self-determined interests in trade union organizations in studies of the relationships among workers, trade unions, and the state.
{"title":"Concerns About the Trade Union System's Independent Interests","authors":"H. Heng","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420304","url":null,"abstract":"The article comprises a survey and a study of grass-roots enterprise trade unions on the Chinese mainland. By means of surveys of the specific activities and functions of three grass-roots enterprise trade unions (at a state-owned enterprise, a joint-venture enterprise, and a foreign-funded enterprise), the author points out that despite some differences in trade unions under different ownership systems, all share a common characteristic in that they do not serve as spokesmen for workers' interests, and that the trade unions' activities do not respond directly to the workers' needs. The article points out that state monopoly and top-down establishment of trade union organizations, party and government appointments of their persons-in-charge, and enterprise payments of their principal funding determine the impossibility of trade unions serving as organizations representing workers' interests. The fundamental reason for the \"campaign to set up trade unions\" in new enterprises lies not in safeguarding the workers' interests, but in the departmental interests of trade union federations at various levels and the state's need to safeguard its political power. Finally, trade union federations at various levels have their own interests independent and beyond those of the state and the workers, and it is the existence of these self-determined interests that have led to the current campaign to set up trade unions in newly built enterprises. Hence, importance should be given to the existence of self-determined interests in trade union organizations in studies of the relationships among workers, trade unions, and the state.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"61 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84613813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420303
T. Lihua, J. Ruffier
The most important aspect of an enterprise's marketing strategy is building relationships of trust with its distributors and retailers. Tan Lihua's case study of a foreign paint producer traces the company's successive and parallel efforts to set up a well-functioning distribution network in the Chinese environment. The conclusion to the study suggests how the trial-and-error efforts of this foreign company have contributed to the diffusion of management expertise within China.
{"title":"Incentives and Governance of Distributor Networks","authors":"T. Lihua, J. Ruffier","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420303","url":null,"abstract":"The most important aspect of an enterprise's marketing strategy is building relationships of trust with its distributors and retailers. Tan Lihua's case study of a foreign paint producer traces the company's successive and parallel efforts to set up a well-functioning distribution network in the Chinese environment. The conclusion to the study suggests how the trial-and-error efforts of this foreign company have contributed to the diffusion of management expertise within China.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"44 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69432844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420302
Yu Yonghui, Q. Hai-xiong, Cui Qiang
Yu Yonghui, Qiu Haixiong, and Cui Qiang tell the story of one typical Guangdong industrial cluster and the role of a government-initiated and -funded Innovation Center in balancing central policy. Local officials, the local merchant association, and local universities helped to give Guangdong private firms the information, knowledge, and ability to buy modern equipment that they needed in order to be able to manufacture products for the world market.
{"title":"A Case Study of Innovations at the Xiqiao Textile Industry Cluster","authors":"Yu Yonghui, Q. Hai-xiong, Cui Qiang","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625420302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625420302","url":null,"abstract":"Yu Yonghui, Qiu Haixiong, and Cui Qiang tell the story of one typical Guangdong industrial cluster and the role of a government-initiated and -funded Innovation Center in balancing central policy. Local officials, the local merchant association, and local universities helped to give Guangdong private firms the information, knowledge, and ability to buy modern equipment that they needed in order to be able to manufacture products for the world market.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"56 1","pages":"28 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73838460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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